Listen to the funny Yangjiang dialect version of Infernal Affairs,
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Look at the following serious introduction:
I. Overview and Cultural Origin
Yangjiang is located in the southwest of Guangdong Province, bordering enping city and Taishan in Jiangmen City in the east, luoding city, Xinxing County in Yunfu City and Xinyi City in Maoming City in the north, Gaozhou City and Dianbai County in Maoming City in the west and the South China Sea in the south. The terrain slopes from north to south, surrounded by mountains and the sea, with Tianlu Mountain in the northeast and Wuyun Mountain in the northwest. The terrain is a little isolated, especially in ancient times when traffic was inconvenient, and communication with the outside world was even less. Therefore, Yangjiang has formed its unique folk culture and unique language.
Yangjiang dialect is a branch of Cantonese, and some people divide it into Levin dialect. Some people also divide Cantonese into six sub-dialect areas: Xijiang-Pearl River Basin, Jiang Xun-Yujiang River Basin, Beiliujiang-Nanliujiang River Basin, Nanjiang-Jianjiang River Basin, Yang Mo River Basin and Tanjiang River Basin. Yangjiang dialect belongs to Yang Mo basin, and Gaozhou dialect belongs to Nanjiang-Jianjiang basin. Yangjiang dialect is based on Gaozhou dialect, so there are similarities in vowel system, but there are obvious differences in the combination of vowels and tones.
Yangjiang dialect is mainly influenced by four cultures: popular culture, Central Plains Chinese culture, Fujian Hakka culture and overseas culture.
Yangjiang has been under the jurisdiction of Gaoliang County (now Gaozhou) since the Han Dynasty, and it is a slang settlement. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the common people developed into a large-scale tribal alliance, and Feng Xianjia was the actual ruler at that time. Even if the common people were later sinicized or migrated, the common culture still accumulated as the bottom culture and became the deep part of Yang Mo culture. Therefore, Yangjiang dialect contains a lot of Gaozhou dialect factors. Even today, many traces of ancient Yue culture can still be seen in Yangjiang dialect.
The Han culture in the Central Plains began to go south from Qin and Han Dynasties, and reached the status of mainstream culture in Song Dynasty. In the comparison between Yangjiang dialect and Guangzhou dialect, we can find many factors close to Mandarin. For example, the word "eat" in Guangzhou dialect is the word "eat" in Yangjiang dialect and Mandarin, and the word "look" in Guangzhou dialect is also the word "look" in Yangjiang dialect and Mandarin.
Yangjiang is surrounded by mountains and seas. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hakka people who are good at farming mountains and Minnan people who are good at farming the sea have settled down and become part of Yangjiang people. Their Hakka dialect and Minnan dialect are also integrated into Yangjiang dialect. For example, rice soup is called "drink", peanuts are called "sweet beans" and rope is called "rope", all of which are Minnan vocabulary. Yangjiang dialect is also slightly similar to Hakka dialect in pronunciation.
] Second, sound.
Yangjiang dialect has eleven tones, which is the biggest difference from Guangzhou dialect in pronunciation. Higher and sharper than Cantonese. There are many words such as "ba", "companion", "nose" and "no". Their initials and finals in Yangjiang dialect are exactly the same as those in Guangzhou dialect, but their tones are different. So people who don't understand Yangjiang dialect sound like hearing a group of people quarreling.
There is little difference between Shangyangjiang dialect with initials and Guangzhou dialect, and it has the shadow of Mandarin. Like the "n" and "l" in Guangzhou dialect, it is completely different in Yangjiang dialect. At the same time, Yangjiang dialect, like Guangzhou dialect, has no difference in initials such as "Z", "zh" and "J". Yangjiang dialect also has a special initial, which is the initial of four, death, three and private in Yangjiang dialect. This special initial is also found in Gaozhou dialect. Words that can pronounce this initial usually appear in the combination of "s" and "i", "u", "an", "ang", "uan", "ui", "uo" and "ai" in Putonghua.
Third, vocabulary.
The vocabulary of Yangjiang dialect retains many ancient words, such as "Zou" means "Run", "Xing" means "Zou" and "Qi" means "He". Yangjiang dialect also retains many ancient Vietnamese words. For example, paddy fields or paddy fields are called "Na" in ancient Vietnamese, and place names with the word "Na" are rice distribution areas. The word "Na" in Yangjiang has many names, such as "Nalong", "Rona" and "Dong Na". "Cave" also belongs to the place name of ancient Vietnam, and Yangjiang has "Sui Cave" and "Confucian Cave". There are also pigsty called "Pig Six", grapefruit called "servant", frog called "clam" and so on.
A Lexical Comparison among Yangjiang Dialect, Guangzhou Dialect and Mandarin;
Yangjiang dialect, Guangzhou dialect, Mandarin.
Fall into the water-rain-rain
Intermittent (Mandarin Second Tone)-Frozen-Cold
Yesterday-Looking for the Sun-Yesterday
Tomorrow-tomorrow-tomorrow
Gupai-Nipai-Recently
Gu Zhen-IKEA-Now
Window lattice-window-window
Teng (Mandarin Second Tone) Shirt-Take off your shirt-Take off your clothes.
Mosquito-mosquito-mosquito
Mosquito-blackfly-Fly
Horsehead-toe-thumb
Nothing.-Uh-huh.-No.
All gone.
Fourth, grammar.
The grammar of Yangjiang dialect is similar to that of Guangzhou dialect, which makes people feel that the only difference is the difference between function words and modal particles.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) preservation
Look at the topography of Yangjiang: the northeast and west are surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the south is the sea. This natural barrier sealed Yangjiang tightly, and the ancient traffic was underdeveloped, which almost became a paradise. Therefore, there will not be as many foreigners as in other places, and communication will not be so frequent. Especially due to the relationship between geography and climate, this land is rich in mineral resources, developed in agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, and can be self-sufficient. It is particularly important to point out that salt plays an important role in determining whether a place can be independent. At that time, you could survive without foreign aid. Therefore, there are two humanistic elements: first, because of the inconvenient transportation, there are few outsiders, even if there are newcomers, they are not dignitaries, most of them are people who have fled the war, or are sent to exile to pass by here. They can't become a climate in Yangjiang, and they can't pose a threat of language assimilation. Secondly, due to Yangjiang's self-sufficient economic environment, there has been a saying since ancient times that "Yangjiang's expensive land will never worry", which has caused Yangjiang people's strong sense of superiority and self-esteem. They are confident that only they are the natural owners of this land, and outsiders can only listen to me. Therefore, it is also "for my own use" in language, "for my own use" in foreign countries, or occasionally used in high-level communication. More often, the local dialect Yangjiang dialect is used. Foreign dialects have no practical value and market here, so Yangjiang dialect can be tenaciously preserved in this closed land.