In 752, I wrote about the car shop in Chang 'an; In 765, he wrote "Night in Yuzhou"; In 767, he wrote "Kuizhou Denggao"; In 768, he wrote "Climbing Yueyang Tower" in Yuezhou.
Xing is a genre of Yuefu songs. Du Fu's Car Shop did not follow the ancient theme, but originated from something, that is, a famous story, a self-created theme, which profoundly reflected the people's suffering life in the form of Yuefu folk songs. Chedian is a famous sentence of Du Fu, which has been highly praised by all dynasties. It reveals that the long-term military struggle of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, which has profound ideological content.
The five-character poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" was written one year before the poet's death, that is, the third year of Tang Daizong Dali (768). Boarding the long-awaited Yueyang Tower, overlooking from the porch, facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, the poet sincerely admired; Then I thought that I was wandering in my later years, and the country was full of disasters. I couldn't help feeling a lot, so I wrote this famous article with lofty mind and great pain.
The first half of the poem "Ascending the Mountain" describes the scenery, while the second half is lyrical, with different styles of writing. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Triple expression of feelings, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) two aspects, from wandering to sick and disabled. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.
The first four sentences of the poem A Night in a Foreign Country describe the scenery. In the first two sentences, the grass on the shore is floating in the breeze, and the high-mast ship is moored on the river alone on a moonlit night. Lonely boat on a moonlit night, cool breeze blowing gently, silence and loneliness enveloped everything, revealing the lonely situation of the poet wandering around. Zhuan Xu wrote a long-term vision, which is a well-known sentence. Draw a big outline, write it out in a true and delicate way, and create a vast and majestic but lonely and empty realm, thus reflecting the poet's loneliness, seeing love in the scene, and integrating the scene with love. The last four sentences of this poem have a great turn and are very lyrical. "If only my art could bring me fame and free my sick old age from the office!" I wrote about the poet's extreme indignation. The previous sentence shows that his ambition is not to pay, but to be famous for his articles, which makes people feel heavy to read. In the latter sentence, the poet humorously expressed his indignation that his political ideal could not be realized in a self-deprecating tone. "Qi" and "Ying" are key words, which are interrelated. The last two sentences touch the scene, and the scene is combined with its own situation, and the whole poem is closed by image metaphor. The poet's lament about his unfinished achievements is based on a lonely Sha Ou in the world, which has a strong appeal.
Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770) is a great realistic poet in the history of China literature, and his language is beautiful. His poems profoundly reflect the social outlook of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, with rich social content, distinctive colors of the times and strong political tendencies. His poems are full of passionate feelings of loving the motherland and the people and lofty spirit of self-sacrifice, so they are recognized as "the history of poetry" by later generations, and poets are honored as "poets". He once roamed the whole country and lived in Chang 'an for ten years. He was captured in the "An Shi Rebellion" and later stayed to collect relics. Since then, he abandoned his official position and moved to Chengdu, where he built a thatched cottage called Huanhuacao Hall. His works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his style is gloomy, which is called "the history of poetry", including Du Gongbu's poems. His masterpiece "Singing from Beijing to Fengxian 500 Words" and his poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Du Fu's achievements in the art of rhythmic poetry are the most brilliant. The achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems lies in expanding the scope of expression of metrical poems. He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, banquets and landscapes with his poems, but also writes about current events with his poems. It is difficult to write current affairs with metrical poems, but Du Fu can use them freely. The highest achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems can be said to be that this style is written roundly and without trace, which makes people forget that it is a metrical poem inadvertently. Another achievement of Du Fu's regular poems lies in his success in choosing words and making sentences. He is good at using words and portraying exquisitely, and the performance of rhythmic poems is the most wonderful. His words are often less than one word, and it is difficult for others to change. He is good at using verbs to make poetry lively, and adverbs to make poetry smooth and full of turning points. He is also good at using color words to strengthen a certain emotional color, using reduplicated words to create an atmosphere, using disyllabic rhymes to make the tone of poetry more harmonious and pleasant, and using colloquial words to make poetry more intimate to read.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. His works include Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Wang Chun, Jueju and Wang Yue.
Fu was born in a family with a literary tradition of "observing Confucianism" and is the grandson of the famous poet Du. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. He was frustrated all his life. I only worked as a small official like Zuo Shiyi. Although he was called "the sage of poetry" and "the history of poetry" by later generations, he did not get people's attention at that time in the Tang Dynasty. There is a poem "The Play is Six quatrains (Part II)" written by "Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty": "Wang Yang and Luo Lu are contemporary, but frivolous; Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Among them, there are many poets' self-comparisons. Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods:
In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (at the age of 20), he began to roam in wuyue, returned to Luoyang five years later, and then Du Fu roamed Qi and Zhao. Later, I met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two met and hated each other late, forming a profound friendship. Then I met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to qi zhou. After breaking up, they met on East Road respectively. This is the last time that "Shi Xian" and "Shi Sheng" met. The representative works of this period include Wang Yue, Cao Huma's poems and Li Bai.
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, even told Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that no one in the ruling and opposition parties was successful. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, dressing up the horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup of cold roast and hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, he got the position of right-back leading Cao Cao to join the army (mainly a small official guarding soldiers' weapons and treasury keys). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an. Xuanzong held three successive festivals from 75 1 the eighth day of the first month to 10. Du Fu took this opportunity to write three poems, and Xuanzong wrote a collection of sages to be made, but it was not reused.
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Love for the Head of the River. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of this suggestion, Fang Yi was demoted as the prime minister to join the army. (Fang Yi is a typical intellectual, but unrealistic. He fought against the rebels and adopted the Spring and Autumn Array. The result was a crushing defeat, and Su Zong was guilty. Du Fu began to collect the left remains and wrote that Fang Fang was innocent. Su Zong was angry and wanted to find fault. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. After filming Our Times for Bo in Chengdu, Du Fu went and died. He drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died on Xiangjiang River in Hengzhou. During this period, his works include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Broke the Straw Shed, Shuxiang, Yellow River Banks Recovered by the Imperial Army, Gordon, Moon Landing Building and many other famous works. One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.
His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Wang Yucheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and others hold Du Fu in high esteem, while Wen Tianxiang regards Du Fu's poems as the spiritual strength to stick to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book (volume 190).
Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.