Song Wu was in yanggu county and went to Beijing for business. I didn't know my brother Wu Dalang was dead until I came back. Song Wu became suspicious and discovered the truth. He went to sue the official, but the county museum took bribes. In desperation, he avenged Wu Dalang in Lion Building.

One of the highlights is the part that killed Ximen Qing in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing got the consequences she deserved, and Song Wu was sent to Mengzhou to kill the people. I think it is possible that the author is satirizing the fatuity of the imperial court at that time. Ximen Qing's description here is simply "smelly", and almost anyone who reads it will scold him a word or two, which shows how good the author describes the characters!

Notes on Water Margin (II) —— Four Tigers in Yiling

Li Kui jy saw the reunion of Song Jiang and his son and missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang Village in Yishui County to visit his mother.

On the way, I met Gui Li as a fake Li Kui jy threat. Gui Li was defeated and asked for forgiveness, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother. Killing him means killing him and his mother. Li Kui jy took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go.

I don't think the author likes people like Gui Li, so he let Gui Li and Li Kui meet again and let Li Kui kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is to make those readers agree with him. After reading him, he has a heroic temperament, as if he were Li Kui jy. It's wonderful that Li Kui jy killed Gui Li.

But later, when Li Kui jy carried his mother through Yiling, the scene of killing the tiger was the most wonderful. First, I went to fetch water, and then I found my mother missing, and I found two tigers with two legs. I killed the tiger in a rage, and the male tiger and the female tiger came to seek revenge and were killed.

Unfortunately, he killed the tiger, was invited to his house, and was caught. After reading this, everyone wants to defend Li Kui jy, which shows the author's good intentions.

Notes on Water Margin (III) —— Selling Knives in Bianjing City

Yang has no money, so he has to sell his treasure knife and earn some money in another country to make a living. Who knows that when selling knives, the local ruffians and scalpers insulted them in every way, and Yang Zhi couldn't bear it anymore. He killed Niu Er and went to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to banishment to Daming House.

The most interesting scene is that Yang Zhi sells knives. First, I asked who bought the knife. After Niu Er came, I asked him to try this knife. Niu Er tried every means to obstruct and humiliate him, and was finally killed. This tells us what some hooligans were like then. Niu Er's death not only vented his anger at the characters in the book, but also made readers feel relieved after reading it. Perhaps this is what the author wrote by grasping the reader's psychology.

Notes on Water Margin (1)-Drunk Jiang Menshen

Song Wu killed Ximen Qing, was sent to banishment in Mengzhou, and met Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang in Hengpo. But these are not exciting enough, but this episode of Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most exciting.

In this episode, Song Wu helped Mercy recapture the Happy Forest for personal friendship, and every wine officer on the way ate three bowls of wine. These two points show that he has a feeling of letting go of himself.

And his teasing before hitting Jiang Menshen was even more wonderful. He first found fault with the wine officer, and then provoked Jiang Menshen and beat him hard, which can prove that Song Wu was a careless person.

He can also be divided into several details when flirting. He changed the wine three times and then said that he would let Jiang Menshen's concubine drink with him. If the wine is full, he will fight with them (including Jiang Menshen here).

After he killed Jiang Menshen, he was afraid that he would sue the official. When he asked Jiang Menshen for the third thing, he was afraid that he would sue officials and take back Happy Forest in the future, so he was told to leave Mengzhou and not to live here. This also shows how careful Song Wu is.

Notes on Water Margin (II) —— Four Tigers in Yiling

Li Kui jy saw the reunion of Song Jiang and his son and missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang Village in Yishui County to visit his mother.

On the way, I met Gui Li as a fake Li Kui jy threat. Gui Li was defeated and asked for forgiveness, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother. Killing him means killing him and his mother. Li Kui jy took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go.

I don't think the author likes people like Gui Li, so he let Gui Li and Li Kui meet again and let Li Kui kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is to make those readers agree with him. After reading him, he has a heroic temperament, as if he were Li Kui jy. It's wonderful that Li Kui jy killed Gui Li.

But later, when Li Kui jy carried his mother through Yiling, the scene of killing the tiger was the most wonderful. First, I went to fetch water, and then I found my mother missing, and I found two tigers with two legs. I killed the tiger in a rage, and the male tiger and the female tiger came to seek revenge and were killed.

Unfortunately, he killed the tiger, was invited to his house, and was caught. After reading this, everyone wants to defend Li Kui jy, which shows the author's good intentions.

Notes on the Water Margin (III) —— Resentful Lion House

Song Wu was in yanggu county and went to Beijing for business. I didn't know my brother Wu Dalang was dead until I came back. Song Wu became suspicious and discovered the truth. He went to sue the official, but the county museum took bribes. In desperation, he avenged Wu Dalang in Lion Building.

One of the highlights is the part that killed Ximen Qing in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing got the consequences she deserved, and Song Wu was sent to Mengzhou to kill the people. I think it is possible that the author is satirizing the fatuity of the imperial court at that time. Ximen Qing's description here is simply "smelly", and almost anyone who reads it will scold him a word or two, which shows how good the author describes the characters!

Reading Notes of Water Margin (IV) —— Selling Knives in Bianjing City

Yang has no money, so he has to sell his treasure knife and earn some money in another country to make a living. Who knows that when selling knives, the local ruffians and scalpers insulted them in every way, and Yang Zhi couldn't bear it anymore. He killed Niu Er and went to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to banishment to Daming House.

The most interesting scene is that Yang Zhi sells knives. First, I asked who bought the knife. After Niu Er came, I asked him to try this knife. Niu Er tried every means to obstruct and humiliate him, and was finally killed. This tells us what some hooligans were like then. Niu Er's death not only vented his anger at the characters in the book, but also made readers feel relieved after reading it. Perhaps this is what the author wrote by grasping the reader's psychology.

Notes on Water Margin (V) —— Poems of Xunyang Tower

After Song Jiang arrived in Jiangzhou, he met Shen Xing Taibao and others. One day, drinking in Xunyang Building, I wrote an anti-poem on the wall and left my name. Huang Wenbing finally met him on death row.

This incident made Song Jiang laugh and cry for the readers. I don't know what to say about him, and this episode is nothing exciting. It's just that the author can write Song Jiang to the extent that readers can't say anything about Song Jiang. It's really amazing. I can only say that Song Jiang is too confused to mention any poems. It is with this episode that we can better set off the scene of the next episode. Song Jiang's poems were robbed for a while to set off the scene of cutting the court behind him. Indeed, it is better to be with Song Jiang's poems than with others. One is that you can't say anything, and the other is that you can make them stop the court for more reasons. So I think this episode is good.

Thoughts on Reading A Dream of Red Mansions

I am a person who loves reading. My study is my literary garden. I often indulge in the fragrant books in the literary garden and linger on. ...

A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the "Four Great Classical Novels" which symbolizes the highest achievement of China's ancient novels, is undoubtedly a wonderful flower in the evergreen tree. It is so popular that countless scholars fall for it. Of course, I have become an out-and-out lover of the red chamber. Therefore, I appreciate this masterpiece from the perspective of an ordinary reader and write down some superficial feelings. ...

Reading "A Dream of Red Mansions" gave me a calm evaluation of feudal society. This is a great book with high ideological content, which embodies a hazy democratic thought. Some people say that Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is pure art and cannot involve politics. I don't think so. Isn't the case of "Gourd Monk sentenced to Gourd" an exposure to the darkness of officialdom? Qin Keqing's incest with her father-in-law, Jia Zhen, and the tragic death of You's sisters are not attacks on decadent feudal aristocratic families and accusations against the ancient unequal marriage system. Cao Xueqin spent a lot of pen and ink on Baoyu's boycott of the imperial examination. Isn't it a ruthless criticism of the imperial examination system? Cao Xueqin was down and out all his life and experienced human joys and sorrows. However, the rough life has not changed his character! Qin Xue, you used your vicissitudes to express your anger towards the world! Thank you, Xue Qin, for letting me see clearly the darkness of feudal society and feel the preciousness of the present social system. You yearn for equality between men and women, and you have valuable respect and sympathy for women. Your book is a boudoir biography, which is about "pink heroes", especially women like Dai, Xiang, Miao and Qin. You use your own efforts to shape them and worship them from the heart. In a patriarchal society, you admire women so much, but you call men "flesh and blood made of mud". It is really exciting!

Reading A Dream of Red Mansions has given me a profound understanding of life. The lame Taoist said: "Everyone knows that immortals are good, but money can't be forgotten;" In the end, I only hate parties. I closed my eyes for a long time. "Let me understand the relationship between money and life-people can't live for money; Zhen said to him, "I lament that his life span is not long. How do I know I came back to offer my condolences? "Tells the vagaries of the world. One of the reasons why Cao Xueqin is great is to break the inertia thinking of happy endings in previous novels. Qin Xue, although your words have been handed down less than 80 times, you have hinted at the ending of each character in the previous words, and we can all imagine what the final ending is like. A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragedy, and all the characters in it have tragic endings. Can I understand that your life is a tragedy, or even everyone's life was a tragedy at that time?

In a word, in my opinion, A Dream of Red Mansions is not just a novel, it is the epitome of that society and the painstaking effort of Cao Xueqin's life. The so-called "an armchair strategist is a bitter tear". Dou Yun's author is stupid, who knows the taste? "Cao Xueqin's life is tragic. Perhaps, no one understands him. This is the biggest tragedy in his life! What a pity! The content of A Dream of Red Mansions has been lost since 1980s. Although it was written by Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan, no matter what praise some "Redology Scholars" give to the sequel, it can't be as natural as the original. Therefore, a masterpiece has also become a Venus with a broken arm. What a pity that Cao Xueqin's life's hard work has not been completely preserved! I called Cao Hou several times ... Although this is not a complete original work, although there is nihilism in A Dream of Red Mansions, it is definitely the highest peak of China's ancient novels! In my mind, it is also the highest peak of literature and art!

The red chamber is dazzling, I love a dream of red mansions!

Three Kingdoms

One:

"The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes ..." Mention this word, and people will think of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the four classical novels.

The full name of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was compiled by Luo Guanzhong, a writer in the Ming Dynasty. As can be seen from the title, this novel is based on the History of the Three Kingdoms, but it is not as solemn as the official history, but an ancient vernacular novel. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has become more artistic than the History of the Three Kingdoms. Below, I will comment on this 660,000-word masterpiece from several aspects.

I. Truth and fiction

The biggest difference between romance and official history is that romance is not true, but a novel. Everyone says that the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a seven-point historical fact and three-point fiction, which is true. But fiction, using artistic methods to fiction, is not just that historical facts can be used for fiction. For example, Guan Gong killed Hua Xiong with warm wine, which is not recorded in the history books. Another example is about going to a meeting alone with Lu Su. History books say that Lu Su went to see Guan Yu alone. There are of course countless similar examples. After reading it, a little analysis shows that most of these fictional plots pave the way for the characters described in the novel. Because, if we only create real characters as the official history says, some characters are contrary to the author's political and ideological views. Moreover, while making fiction, the author also noticed the rationality and coherence of the plot, rather than making fiction stiffly, which is why he felt immersive after reading it. In a word, the author's writing in this respect is quite successful, and these plots also show part of the author's subjective wishes.

Second, deification and uglification.

The characters in The Romance of Three Kingdoms are not real characters, but processed characters in the official history, including deified characters and demonized characters.

The typical representatives of deified figures are Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu. Zhuge Liang was deified as an Oracle and Guan Yu was deified as a loyal man. Below, I want to briefly compare why the author focuses on deifying these two people.

Zhu was a famous Neo-Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he thought he was the orthodoxy of the Three Kingdoms. Since Chen Shou, most of Zhu's previous views were based on Cao Wei. Since Zhu, kings, ministers and people have also begun to accept Zhu's point of view, because it conforms to Confucianism and can be accepted by the ruling class. Luo Guanzhong also agreed with Zhu. Therefore, most of his deified characters are loyal to the Han family. Among them, the author writes that Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of "wisdom" and Guan Yu is the embodiment of "loyalty" and "righteousness". This is why Daoguang ruler was influenced by The Romance of Three Kingdoms and gave Guan Yu posthumous title with more than 30 words.

As for uglification, it is basically apotheosis. For example, Zhou Yu, a hero in history, died young, but The Romance of the Three Kingdoms described him as a jealous man. Most uglification is set off by deification.

Third, people and clues

One of the great successes of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms is that it has successfully created many distinctive characters, such as Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Liu Bei, Zhao Yun, Cao Cao, Zhou Yu and Mi Fei. The author embodies the distinctive characteristics of the characters through detailed description. For example, when writing Zhang Fei, in the seventieth chapter, the author made a detailed description and description of Zhang Fei's narrow-minded battles, and at the same time increased the dialogue between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei, showing Zhuge Liang's superb wisdom.

The reason why The Romance of the Three Kingdoms can properly handle many characters and their complicated relationships is that the author not only writes with the techniques of reality, emptiness, detail, omission, insertion and flashback, but also uses the literary techniques of narrative along clues. The main line of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the process of the establishment and demise of the Shu-Han regime until the three-point return to Jin, which is interspersed with clues. For example, during the period of Battle of Red Cliffs, the author began to narrate from three lines: Liu Bei, Sun Quan and Cao Cao. These three lines are interrelated, and they will not only describe one or two clues in one chapter. If intertwined, readers will feel very coherent, rather than just looking at a clue.

Fourth, feudalism and kingship

One of the political ideas expressed in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is to advocate typical Confucianism-kingly way and benevolent government. A large part of the fictional stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms are to express this idea. In this way, the author boldly created a series of artistic images of "loyalty" and "righteousness" in his works.

The first one is Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang described in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the embodiment of loyalty and wisdom, especially the author's wisdom of Zhuge Liang, which is even more exaggerated.

Zhuge Liang, in the ruling group of the landlord class at that time, was a sensitive, courageous and resourceful person. However, he has these advantages because he attaches importance to practice. For example, Cao Cao captured Jingzhou and led his troops south. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation to Sun Quan and predicted that Cao Cao would be defeated, precisely because Zhuge Liang compared the advantages and disadvantages of the enemy and ourselves before the war. For another example, Zhuge Liang dared to come up with an "empty plan" because he analyzed the situation of the generals of both sides and knew that Sima Yi knew that he was "cautious all his life and would never take risks", so he took advantage of Sima Yi's long-term understanding of himself and adopted a very "dangerous" plan to solve the crisis. However, in more chapters, the author wrote Zhuge Liang as a "prophet". For example, Zhuge Liang's Watching the Sky at Night and Rolling Up His Sleeves several times. In "Sacrificing the Wind at the Seven Stars Altar", it is an absurd description. Similar problems are also found in Eight Arrays, Half Stone Sacrifice to Lushui, Wu Ganxing and Dingjun Mountain Show the Sage.

Guan Yu is also a character described in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the author's pen, Guan Yu also became a heroic and loyal hero in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms from a military commander who was as famous as Zhao Yun and Huang Zhong in the Three Kingdoms. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms beautifies Guan Yu in this way, which is completely advocating the feudal thought of "loyalty" and "righteousness". After the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu became a figure completely in line with the ideals of the feudal ruling class, and Guan Yu's influence among the people became wider and wider. The rulers of Ming and Qing dynasties called him "the Great Emperor" several times and built temples for him everywhere. This clearly shows how the description of "loyalty" and "righteousness" advocated by Guan Yu suits the needs of feudal rulers.

In addition, in order to advocate serving the feudal masters, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms also created a series of so-called "loyal ministers" images, such as Dong Cheng, Wang Zifu and Ji. In order to be loyal to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, they wiped out Cao Cao, a "national thief". "Although they wiped out the nine clans, they had no regrets". The author touted these people as immortal model figures. In addition, when writing characters such as Jiang Wei, he advocated feudal "filial piety" and when writing characters such as Mrs. Sun, he advocated feudal "festival". Therefore, the characters depicted in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms run through the author's social and political views.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) poetry and ode

Another great success of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the introduction of a large number of poems and songs. Although the number is less than that of A Dream of Red Mansions, there are many excellent works. Some poems are introduced to express feelings, while others appear in the singing or writing of characters. For example, "The sky is like a round cover and the earth is like a chess game ..." (Chapter 37), which was written by Zhuge Liang. Another example is, "Cao Cao is an adulterer, and Zhou Lang was cheated for a while ..." (45th time), which is the story that later generations lamented that Cao Cao was wrongly accused of killing Cai Mao and Zhang Yun. The first word "Linjiang Xian" is magnificent, which gives readers a sense of awe. After reading it, I have a feeling that I can't stop. At the end of the article, the poem "Antique" summarizes 660,000 words of the rise and fall of the Three Kingdoms in a century into a long narrative poem with only over 300 words. Although there are no flowery words, it is like a rhyming postscript, which leads readers to relive the situation of the Three Kingdoms. Its last few words even triggered the author's thinking and understanding of history: "The succession of things is endless, and the number of days cannot be avoided. The three-legged leg has become a dream, and future generations will complain. " Leave readers with infinite reverie.

In a word, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the best of the four classical novels after A Dream of Red Mansions. Although some of these thoughts are worth discussing, they are of far-reaching significance to the Chinese nation.

The reason why The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is immortal is mainly due to the wonderful and tragic description of the war scenes, the portrayal of the main historical figures and the analysis of their complicated relations. For example, in the battle of Guandu before the tripartite confrontation at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, not only Cao Cao's troops were few, but also Liu Biao in Jingzhou in the south and Sun Ce in Jiangdong were at a disadvantage. However, Cao Cao objectively analyzed the situation (saying: "I know Shao is a man, ambitious but wise, strong in color but timid, evasive but weak in power, too many soldiers to distinguish, arrogant and different in government orders, although the land is vast and rich in food, enough to serve me." ) decided to fight Yuan Shao's attack with nearly 10,000 troops that he could concentrate. In 200 AD, Yuan and Cao fought in Guandu. In this battle, Cao Cao is good at catching fighters and can flexibly change tactics according to the development of the battlefield situation. He resisted Yuan Jun's attack with regular troops, attacked Yuan Jun's grain depot with surprise attackers (Wu Dynasty), burned all the grain and grass in Yuan Jun, shook Yuan Jun's heart, split internally, and finally defeated Yuan Jun, creating a famous battle in China's history. In the meantime, everyone's personality is vividly displayed, and the description of the battlefield picture is also remarkable, which is a classic.

After all, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a novel with many untrue records. For example, Zhuge Liang ignited hope and opened up a new world. Turn off the wine and chop Hua Xiong; Three British wars against Lu Bu; Honey trap ... There are many historical injustice cases: Zhou Yu, "wide in nature" and "wrong in song, Zhou Lang worried", which is completely opposite to Zhou Yu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms; Lu Su is a hero, but he is described as a timid and passive Nuo Nuo. Cao Cao ...

Before reading the reflection, I often meditated for a long time for Zhuge Liang's "not conquered, dead" and lamented that Guan Yu Huarong let Cao defeat Maicheng. I also hate Lu Xun, who defeated Liu Bei in the Yiling fire. In retrospect, childhood memories were shattered by the truth, disappointed, regretful, sad, and finally blushed.

Now that I have grown up, I am a little rational. When I fall in love with "success or failure of right and wrong, turning my head empty", I no longer sigh for gains and losses. If you divide for a long time, you will make peace, and if you divide for a long time, you will divide. I began to delve into the complex relationship between time, place, characters and characters in every battle. So I understand that making a country strong should not rely solely on force. Politically, we should unite with other forces and help each other. Internally, we should collect taxes according to people's feelings, establish wasteland and develop agricultural production. As the saying goes, repair the inside and settle the outside. When the time is ripe, we will try again to complete the hegemony. This is easy to say, but it is not easy to implement and complete, and it needs everyone's unremitting efforts.

In fact, everyone is the same, so there is a saying, "If the sky falls to the Sri Lankan people, they must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and empty their bodies, so they will endure what they want and get what they can't do." People are unchangeable, and then they can change. Trapped in the heart, weigh the considerations, and then make. Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. "School starts in 46 days, and everyone in this class is a master. If you don't advance, you will retreat. You have to learn and become a monk.