Fatty liver refers to liver disease caused by excessive accumulation of neutral fat in the liver. The fat in healthy liver only accounts for 4%~5% of the liver weight, most of which is phospholipids, followed by neutral fat and a small amount of cholesterol.
Excessive nutrition, especially excessive calorie intake in hepatitis treatment, will cause excessive accumulation of neutral fat in the liver, which can exceed 30% of the weight of the liver. In addition, long-term alcoholism and diabetes are also prone to fatty liver. Pathological examination showed that there were a lot of fat droplets in liver cells.
However, patients with early and mild fatty liver have no obvious symptoms. After proper treatment and diet control, fatty liver cells can return to normal. However, if severe fatty liver lasts for a long time, liver function will be seriously affected, liver tissue will be fibrotic, and eventually lead to cirrhosis.
Dietary principle
(1) Control calorie intake so that oxidation consumes fat in liver cells. Obese people should gradually lose weight so that their weight falls within the standard weight range. According to the standard weight, it can supply 84~ 105 kilojoules (20~25 kilocalories) per kilogram of body weight. Standard weight (kg)= body length (cm)- 105 (or 100), minus 105 for men above 165cm, minus 100 for men below 165cm.
(2) Limit the intake of fat and carbohydrates. According to the standard weight, you can give 0.5~0.8g of fat per kilogram of body weight every day. Vegetable oil or foods containing long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, such as fish, should be selected. 2~4g of carbohydrates can be supplied per kilogram of body weight every day, and the intake of edible sugar should not be too much.
(3) A high protein diet. Every kilogram of body weight 1.2 ~ 1.5g per day, high protein can protect hepatocytes and promote their repair and regeneration. Protein should supply a proper proportion of high-quality protein, such as lean meat, fish, shrimp and skim milk.
(4) Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, and meet the human body's demand for vitamins. However, vegetables and fruits with high sugar content should not be eaten too much.
(5) Limit salt to no more than 6 grams per day. Drink plenty of water to promote metabolism and excretion of metabolic waste.
(6) Foods rich in methionine, such as millet, naked oats, sesame, rape, spinach, cauliflower, beet head, dried seaweed, scallops and mussels. It can promote the synthesis of phospholipids in the body and help the transformation of fat in liver cells.
(7) Avoid spicy food, such as onion, garlic, ginger, pepper, pepper, curry, alcohol, etc. Eat less foods containing high-nitrogen extracts such as broth, chicken soup and fish soup.
Diet therapy prevention
Diet therapy is the first choice for fatty liver in middle-aged and elderly people.
Obesity-related fatty liver, weight loss can improve obesity-related hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, so that fatty liver subsided. The nutrients that middle-aged and elderly patients with fatty liver should supplement are polyunsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, vitamin E and dietary fiber. Traditional Chinese medicines commonly used to treat fatty liver are Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Alisma orientalis, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Lycium barbarum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygonatum sibiricum, Curcuma Rhizome and rhubarb. There are many folk remedies that can reduce blood fat, lose weight and lower blood pressure. And it has a certain curative effect on fatty liver, which is safe, but it needs long-term administration.
The daily dosage of (1) raw hawthorn is 10~ 15g. Boiling blisters and drinking tea can reduce weight and blood fat.
(2) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae takes 15~20g daily and decocts it in water as tea. Long-term use can reduce weight and prevent hyperlipidemia.
(3) 1 piece of lotus leaf (the largest half), boiled water to make tea.
(4) 20 grams of cogongrass rhizome a day, decocted in water, served as tea.
Up to now, there are no satisfactory drugs to treat fatty liver in clinic, so drug therapy is generally used as adjuvant treatment. Reasonable drug-assisted treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. Many lipid-lowering drugs may drive blood lipids to concentrate on liver metabolism, but promote lipid storage and damage liver function. Therefore, the clinical use of lipid-lowering drugs is opposed.