Oral ulcer, also known as ulcerative stomatitis, is a common oral disease caused by viruses or bacteria. It is usually caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The most common sites of oral ulcer are the inner lip, tongue, tongue abdomen, buccal mucosa, vestibular sulcus, soft palate and other parts, where the mucosa lacks keratinization layer or is poorly keratinized. However, recurrent oral ulcers with hard palate and attached gums are rare. The rule of recurrent oral ulcer is that the more backward the part (pharynx side), the more obvious the symptoms, the deeper and bigger the ulcer, and the patient will feel severe pain and have difficulty eating. There are many reasons for oral ulcer, such as mental stress, emotional fluctuation, lack of sleep and so on. In this case, autonomic nervous dysfunction is prone to occur, and the incidence rate is relatively high. In the case of stress or physical weakness, such as the early stage of a cold or when physical or mental stress is too great, it will appear irregularly. This may be related to endocrine disorder, gastrointestinal dysfunction, allergic reaction, local stimulation and deficiency of trace elements and vitamin B 1. The etiological type of oral ulcer (1) is caused by oral mucosal diseases, such as herpetic stomatitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, pemphigus, pemphigoid secondary ulcer and so on. As long as such ulcers are treated with antibacterial, antiviral and antiallergic measures in time, or according to TCM syndrome differentiation, they will generally not become malignant. However, it is particularly important to note that mucosal diseases belonging to precancerous lesions should not be taken lightly. If there is a long-lasting ulcer on the basis of lesions such as white spot, erythema and lichen planus, we should be highly vigilant. (2) Traumatic ulcer: This is an ulcer directly related to local stimulating factors. The residual crown left after tooth fracture, stones deposited on the surface of teeth, irregular or dislocated teeth, bad habit of biting cheeks, sharp edges formed after tooth wear, rough dentures, etc. may all cause traumatic ulcers. For this kind of ulcer, as long as the pathogenic factors are found as soon as possible, measures such as removing residual roots and crowns, sharpening edges, cleaning dental calculus, correcting the habit of biting cheeks and re-extracting teeth can be taken in time, and it will soon be cured. However, if it is found too late and the measures are not effective, traumatic oral ulcer may become cancerous. (3) "Malignant ulcer" caused by tumor: This kind of ulcer is the result of local infiltration and development of malignant tumor, and the systemic manifestations of malignant tumor may have appeared before the ulcer appeared. Recurrent oral ulcer Recurrent oral ulcer is called "recurrent oral ulcer" in medicine. Recurrent oral ulcers can occur all year round, and can occur in any part of the oral mucosa, especially in the lips, cheeks and tongue. They are more common in young adults, and women are more than men. The recurrence time is closely related to the history of oral ulcer. When the history is short, it can be once every few months or once a year. When the medical history is long, it can be once a month, or the old and new lesions of oral ulcer appear alternately. Under normal circumstances, 10 days can heal itself without leaving scars. Recurrent oral ulcer is the most common disease in oral mucosal diseases. Recurrence is self-limited, and local manifestations are isolated, round or oval ulcers. Clinically, it can be divided into three types: recurrent mild oral ulcer, recurrent stomatitis oral ulcer and recurrent necrotic perigonadal mucosa. Recurrent oral ulcer is closely related to immunity at first. Some patients show immune deficiency, and some patients show autoimmune reaction, that is, due to various factors, the normal immune system of the human body reacts to its own tissue antigen, causing tissue damage and getting sick. Secondly, it is related to heredity. Clinically, the incidence of recurrent oral ulcer has obvious familial genetic tendency. We often see that if one or both parents have recurrent oral ulcers, their children are more likely to get sick than the average person. In addition, the incidence of recurrent oral ulcers is often related to certain diseases or symptoms, such as digestive system diseases: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic or persistent hepatitis, colitis and so on. And anemia, partial eclipse, dyspepsia, diarrhea, fever, lack of sleep, fatigue, mental stress, work stress, menstrual cycle changes, etc. With the activity, alternation and overlap of one or more factors, it is easy to cause the decline of immunity and the disorder of immune function, and also cause the frequent occurrence of recurrent oral ulcers. The typical manifestation of recurrent oral ulcer is that there are small spots at first, accompanied by burning discomfort, and then gradually expand into shallow ulcers with a diameter of 2 ~ 3 mm or more. The ulcer is slightly concave, and the surface is covered with a yellowish false membrane. The mucosa around the ulcer is red due to congestion, and the burning pain is obvious. When exposed to irritating food, the pain will be more serious. Recurrent oral ulcers are self-limiting and periodic. Recurrent oral ulcer can heal gradually in 7 ~ 10 days without special treatment, and the interval varies from a few days to several months. No one knows why some people get oral ulcers and others don't. Oral ulcers usually occur in the mouth, but they may also appear on the tongue, inside cheeks, lips or gums. Bad oral habits, heredity, food, excessive brushing and emotional stress are all closely related to oral ulcers. No matter what causes it, it is very troublesome to treat oral ulcers. Oral cavity is the place where bacteria harbor the most. The treatment of oral ulcer has two purposes: on the one hand, it is necessary to eliminate the bacteria that infect oral ulcer, on the other hand, it is necessary to protect the wound. Oral ulcer can be effectively treated by some family treatment measures. Hydrogen peroxide can be carbon-sulfur diamine hydrogen peroxide, which contains hydrogen peroxide and glycerol. Hydrogen peroxide can release oxygen and remove bacteria, oxygen bubbles enter tiny gaps, and glycerol covers and protects ulcers. Rinse your mouth with potassium chlorate. You can add 1 teaspoon of potassium chlorate to 1 glass of water. Rinse your mouth with this solution several times a day to treat oral ulcers. But don't swallow. ● Try black tea bags. Some experts suggest putting wet black tea on the ulcer. Black tea contains tannic acid, which has astringent effect and good analgesic effect. Rinse your mouth with diluted hydrogen peroxide. Rinsing with 1 water diluted 1 spoon hydrogen peroxide can prevent oral ulcer infection and accelerate recovery. ● Alum can prevent the infection from getting worse. Alum is the active ingredient of hemostatic agent, which can be used in the early stage of oral ulcer. Alum is a bactericidal analgesic, which can prevent the infection from getting worse, but it can't eliminate the oral ulcer. Gargling with magnesium oxide can form a protective layer on the surface of oral ulcer and also has antibacterial effect. Mouthwash made of golden grass. Strong tea made of golden grass roots is used as mouthwash. Or made into paste and directly applied to the ulcer, with good effect. ● Avoid irritating substances such as coffee, spicy seasonings, orange fruits rich in arginine, stone fruits, etc., especially walnuts, chocolates, strawberries, etc., which will stimulate oral ulcers and cause oral ulcers in some people. Therefore, this kind of food should be avoided. Eating yogurt every day and eating 4 tablespoons of plain yogurt every day can send benign bacteria into the mouth, fight against those harmful bacteria and help prevent oral ulcers. ● Avoid foods that may cause ulcers. Avoid chewing gum, smoking, drinking coffee, eating hot food and foods that may cause oral ulcers. ● Nutrients ① Lysine cyanic acid 500 mg, three times a day, taken on an empty stomach. Lack of this amino acid may lead to oral ulcers inside and outside the mouth. ② Add vitamin B 12 and folic acid, and take it under the tongue on an empty stomach according to the product instructions. ③ Vitamin C is 3,000,8,000 mg per day, taken several times. Use a buffered dosage form containing bioflavonoids. ④ Pantothenic acid D5 (50 100 mg per tablet) is an anti-stress vitamin and necessary for adrenal function. The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland that fights tension. ⑤ Garlic essence capsules, 3 capsules each, 3 times a day. As a natural antibiotic and immune activator. Medicinal plants can be used to treat oral ulcers, such as burdock, LYSIMACHIA christinae, baoge fruit tea, red alfalfa, etc. Red raspberry tea is also very effective. ● Eat more onions and lettuce, and eat more onion and lettuce salad. Onions contain sulfur and have a therapeutic effect. Although there are many preventive measures for the treatment of oral ulcer, they are basically symptomatic treatment. The main purpose is to relieve pain or reduce recurrence times. It is difficult to completely control the recurrence. Oral ulcer is largely related to personal physique. So it is unlikely to be completely avoided, but if the inducing factors are avoided as much as possible, the incidence rate can still be reduced. Therefore, the prevention of this disease is particularly important. Pay attention to the following aspects in life: pay attention to oral hygiene and avoid damaging oral mucosa. Ensure adequate sleep time and avoid excessive fatigue. I keep a good mood, optimistic and cheerful, and avoid troubles. Pay attention to the rules of daily life and the balance of nutrition, quit smoking and drinking, insist on physical exercise, eat light food, eat more vegetables and fruits, keep the stool unobstructed and prevent constipation. Women should pay attention to rest before and after menstruation, maintain a happy mood, avoid excessive fatigue, have a light diet, eat more fruits, fresh vegetables and drink more water. , thus reducing the chance of aphtha. In particular, Behcet's disease, oral mucosal injury ulcer, herpetic stomatitis, erythema multiforme, tuberculous ulcer, contact stomatitis, necrotizing gingivitis and cancerous ulcer can also be clinically manifested as oral ulcers, among which cancerous ulcers are the most dangerous. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 90% of malignant tumors of oral ulcer. Squamous cell carcinoma can be divided into tongue cancer, gingival cancer, buccal cancer and floor of mouth cancer. Among other cancerous tumors, adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant lymphoma and malignant mixed tumor located in the palate can also manifest as cancerous ulcers of oral mucosa. Up to now, the etiology of oral cancer is not completely clear, and the known pathogenic factors are: chronic irritation (frequent irritation of sharp teeth to buccal and lingual mucosa and poor prosthesis); Chronic inflammatory oral ulcer (such as chronic tongue ulcer and chronic soft palate oral ulcer). , it will easily lead to cancer). These can be manifested as cancerous ulcers, which are common in the lips and tongue, and are characterized by irregular edges, tough protrusions and deep ulcers with infiltration around them. No matter what kind of disease manifests as oral ulcer, it can't be ignored. Early detection and early treatment are better.