It is a comprehensive medical work. In the theory of Huang's hometown, the theories of yin and yang, five elements, pulse condition, Tibetan image, meridians, etiology and pathogenesis, disease, diagnosis and treatment, health preservation and luck are all established. This book discusses medicine from a holistic perspective and puts forward a "holistic medical model" of nature, biology, psychology and society. Its basic information comes from the long-term observation of life phenomena in ancient China, a lot of clinical practice and simple anatomical knowledge.
It is a medical work with great influence in China, which lays a foundation for understanding human physiology, pathology and diagnosis and treatment, and is called the medical ancestor.
The source of the name
It contains four TCM classics, including Shanghai Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases, Shennong Herbal Classic, Huangdi Neijing and Huangdi Neijing. It is listed in the medical classics.
The so-called "medical classics" are works that clarify medical theories, such as human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It is called "Beijing" because of its importance. The ancients called important books with certain rules that must be studied as "classics", such as the Confucian Six Classics, Laozi's moral classics, simple three-character classics and so on. The reason why it is called Neijing is not the "five yang" in the medical classics, nor the "internal living method" in the classics, but relative to the "external". Similar to Biography of Han Poetry, Biography of Han Poetry, Chunqiu Biography, Chunqiu Biography, Zhuangzi's Internal and External Chapters, and Han Feizi's Internal Records and External Records. But the immortals and Buddhist scriptures of Bian Que and Baishi were lost.
Writing time
Zhong Fang, also known as Huangdi Neijing, is one of the earliest ancient books in China and one of the four classics of traditional Chinese medicine. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor made it for its name. But later generations realized that this book was finally formed in the Western Han Dynasty. The author is not a person, but is inherited, supplemented, developed and created by doctors in China. As Zhu pointed out, the title of "Yellow Emperor" is to trace the origin of worship, thus illustrating the development of early medical culture in China. This is not a temporary remark, nor is it the work of one person.
Writing, the ancients mainly have three views:
pre-Qin period
Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty, Lin Bu and Gao Baoheng in Song Dynasty held this view. In their view, a scientific masterpiece like Neijing cannot be separated from the wisdom of sages and enlightened sages, so it must be completed by the Yellow Emperor.
Warring States period
People who hold this view are Shao Yong, Cheng Hao and Sima Guang in Song Dynasty. Zhu and Sang Yue in Ming Dynasty were equal to Fang Yizhi and Fang Xiaoru in Qing Dynasty. The main reasons are as follows: First, there are many similarities between Jing Lei and Huangdi Neijing in the Warring States Period, which proves that these two books are works of the same era and the same ideological system. Secondly, the medical theory of Huangdi Neijing is similar to that of Neijing, but simpler and more primitive. However, the medical theory of Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun is more advanced than Huangdi Neijing. Therefore, it can be inferred that Huangdi Neijing should be the works from Bian Que to Cang Gong, that is, the works in the Warring States period. Finally, taking the style of Huangdi Neijing as an example, we can also illustrate this point: most of the texts in the pre-Qin period were rhymes, especially the Soviet version.
In Qing Dynasty, Zhou Li further confirmed this statement, because Biography of Historical Records and Bian Que had a high status in the ancient academic circles of China, and this statement was also accepted by many people.
Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD)
In the Ming Dynasty, Lang Ying inferred from the legend of summer brewing and Luo's testimony in the Han Dynasty that it originated in the Western Han Dynasty.
Modern Chinese medicine expert 23], Wu 24] Others also hold this view. The main reasons are as follows: First, the book "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic Su Wen" is about 200,000 words, which can be said to be a masterpiece more than 2,000 years ago. Writing such medical books requires a stable social environment and a lot of manpower and material resources, which was impossible during the Warring States period, when there were several years of wars and seven kingdoms. Only in the Western Han Dynasty, with the political stability and economic development, it provided realistic conditions for doctors to compile medical books. 2. Liu An, the king of Huainan in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, said in Biography of Historical Records and Cang Gong: "Secular people respect the past and despise the present. Therefore, those Taoists must remember Shennong and Huangdi before entering this theory. The close relationship with the "Huang Lao School" in the title and ideological content also provides evidence that this book was completed in the heyday of the "Huang Lao School" in the Western Han Dynasty. Third, Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty recorded in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic Su Wennian that among the ten medical books taught by his teacher Yang Qing in Gongcheng, there were no famous doctors in the early Western Han Dynasty in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic. This is enough to prove that Huangdi Neijing could not have been written before the Western Han Dynasty.
From the above point of view, it can be seen that the ancients believed that the completion of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu was more credible during the Warring States period. However, it cannot be said that Sikuquanshu and Huangdi Neijing are both works of the Warring States period. Confucianism, a medical expert at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, put forward pertinent opinions. He believes that "Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun" is neither a temporary statement nor a single-handed statement. Yao Jiheng's Huangdi Neijing, Yao Jiheng's Biography of Historical Records Cang Gong, Cheng Jiheng's Huangdi Neijing, Huang Jiheng's Huangdi Neijing and Huang Jiheng's Huangdi Neijing all agree with this view.
A more scientific point of view is that Su Wen was not written by one author in a short time, but by several authors in a long time:
First of all, there are many rhymes in some chapters of Lingshu. These chapters may be works from the pre-Qin period.
2. Comparing 1973 with the silk book Neijing of Mawangdui in Changsha, the medicinal bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei, Gansu Province in 1972, and the Textual Research of Ancient and Modern Pseudoscripts and the Preface of Suwen Revision unearthed in Ruyihou Tomb of Shuanggudui, Fuyang, Anhui Province in/977, we can see that Selected Works of Xin 'an, Selected Works of Su Wen, etc.
Thirdly, some documents cited in Preface to wuyue's Notes, such as Neijing, Huangdi Neijing and even earlier works in the Warring States Period.
4. The word "thousand hands" in Huangdi Neijing is the name of the Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties, and the official names such as Xiang Fu and Zhou Du in Foot-arm Eleven-pulse Moxibustion are the official names in Cao Wei.
5. Some chapters of Liu Wang Pan Bin were published late. For example, "Yin and Yang are the sun and the moon", and there is a saying that "Yin gives birth to Yang in the first month". Therefore, it can be considered that it came into being after the promulgation of taichu calendar Law in the first year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
6. Some chapters in Su Wen use the year of dry support, while the year of dry support is the Eastern Han Dynasty. The seventh volume has been lost for a long time. Judging from their Jiazi years, the Tang family's Taiyi Jiugong battle table, coffin, Huangdi Neijing, Shangxiajing, Beidu, Baoquan star theory, Linglan theory and Lingshu can be judged as the second year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (2002 is just like Zhang.
Seventh, the interpretation of this book has gone beyond the seventy-second and seventy-third Collected Works and Five Lun as a book described by Liu in Song Dynasty. It can be said that these two works are fakes in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Generally speaking, no one has written Liu Weizhi's theory for some time, and the author is not alone. This pen should have been written during the Warring States period, and some chapters were written in the Han Dynasty. Wang's theory of Jiao Tong University and Liu's theory cannot be called Liu Ji's theory, but should be the established theory of knowledge.