The first volume of the seventh grade, "Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty consolidated the unified dynasty", was edited one by one.
Teaching objectives
1. Grasp the political, ideological and economic measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to consolidate the "great unification" of the country.
2. By thinking and exploring "how the unified situation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came into being", we can cultivate the ability to analyze problems with the basic viewpoint of historical materialism. By evaluating Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the ability to objectively evaluate historical figures from the perspective of historical materialism was initially cultivated.
3. By analyzing how the unified situation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came into being, it is realized that this situation is the peak of the prosperous period of the Western Han Dynasty and plays a very important role in the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country.
The unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the focus of study.
Evaluation of students with learning difficulties in Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
learning process
The content design of this lesson is divided into four parts: the first part is "political unity", the second part is "ideological unity", the third part is "economic unity" and the fourth part is "evaluation of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty".
First, political unity.
At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the vassal states gradually expanded, which posed a serious threat to the imperial power. Liang Wang, the uncle of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, rode a thousand times and was majestic. He also made hundreds of thousands of bows and arrows, and he has more jewels and jade than the capital?
-Excerpted from the first volume of seventh grade history of People's Education Publishing House.
Yan said, "There are more than ten children of princes today, and the first heir is the successor. Although the rest are flesh and blood, the way of benevolence and filial piety is unknown. Your majesty ordered the governors to recommend their children and wait for them. Every man has his own ambition, and every man has his own virtue. They are not cut, but slightly weaker. "
-Historical Records? Biography of Ping Jin's Late Father
(1) What problems did the material reflect in the early Han society?
Seal the country (or princes, kingdoms; Or the kingdom problem) is too strong;
(2) What measures did Emperor Wu take to solve this problem?
Promulgate a "favor order" (or order the princes to give their fiefs to their descendants and establish a smaller vassal state).
Second, unity of thinking.
"Today's teachers are different, people are different, hundreds of schools are different, and the meaning is different. Those who hold unity are above death; The legal system has changed, and I don't know what to keep. I foolishly thought that all people who are not in the six arts of Confucius have no other way, so don't make progress. "
-Han Shu? Biography of Dong Zhongshu
(1) Summarize Dong Zhongshu's thoughts according to the materials. deposed 100, only confucianism
(2) What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to achieve ideological unity?
Third, economic unity.
During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, what measures were taken to strengthen the central government's control over social economy?
Fourth, evaluate Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a very talented emperor in China. During his reign, the Western Han Dynasty was the strongest. Politically, the promulgation of the "favor decree" further weakened the power of the kingdom. Economically, the right to operate coins and salt iron was returned to the central government and five baht was issued; We also attach importance to building water conservancy projects, personally managing the Yellow River and developing agricultural production. Ideologically and culturally: adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone"; The establishment of imperial academy made Confucianism the orthodoxy of feudal countries and contributed to the consolidation of centralization. Militarily, defeating Xiongnu, the strong enemy in the north, relieved the threat of Xiongnu. In ethnic relations, Zhang Qian was ordered to communicate with the western regions, opening up a commercial route to the western regions.
The mistake of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was that he was overjoyed. I fought for several years and spent a lot of money; Dramatic conscription and taxation have brought great pain to the people; Superstition in luxury, harsh with cruel officials. Social unrest in his later years almost became a crisis.
The first volume of the seventh grade "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consolidated the unified dynasty" courseware the second volume.
Teaching objectives
Knowledge and skills
Master the policies, measures and historical role of the "great unification" of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Process and method:
Reading materials → understanding the main idea → logical thinking → drawing conclusions (taking history as a mirror)
Emotions, attitudes and values:
Understand the truth that "success is thrift, failure is luxury"
Understanding the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is not only the culmination of the prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty, but also the first heyday of China's feudal era.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
The Great Unification of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone"
Learning guidance process
The teacher's explanation is combined with the students' analysis and discussion.
Import scene
Teacher: What was the final result of the Chu-Han War?
(Inspire students to answer: Liu Bang finally defeated Xiang Yu, and in 202 BC, he made Chang 'an his capital and established the Han Dynasty. Liu bang is the emperor gaozu. )
Teacher: Why did Liu Bang win?
Guide the students to read the text "lead-in box" and answer with the knowledge of last class: be good at employing people, cherish the people, judge the situation and be flexible. )
Teacher: As the saying goes, "It's not easy to win the world, but it's even harder to sit in the world", and so was Emperor Gaozu. Please look at the content of the text "Governance of Cultural Scenery".
First, the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
1, the reason why Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty achieved great unification.
What are the characteristics of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty introduced in Reading Words? What are the characteristics similar to those of the characters I studied before?
A. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached importance to talents and was good at employing people.
B, Yao, Shun, Shang Tang,,, He Lv, Gou Jian, Ying Zheng, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, etc.
What is unification?
That is, the central government strengthens unified leadership in politics, economy, ideology and culture, forming a highly centralized political situation. It is no accident that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was able to achieve reunification. If it weren't for Gaozu's "rule of culture and scenery", he had implemented the policy of rest and recuperation for nearly half a century and laid a solid economic foundation. If Emperor Jingdi had not put down the rebellion of the Seven Countries and laid a solid political foundation, I am afraid there would not have been a unified situation. The emergence of the unified situation is also closely related to the ruling measures of the talented emperor Emperor Wu Di.
2. Unification measures of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
Students combine the text, discuss and summarize what measures Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took to realize the great unification, and why, and the teachers analyze and discuss with the students one by one.
(1) reason
Objectivity: Economic Prosperity in the Later Period of Emperor Jingdi
Subjectivity: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was brilliant and good at employing people.
Strengthen centralization
(2) Measures
Politics: weaken the power of the vassal state, and the smaller the country is.
Thought: oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone; Set up imperial college
(3) The significance of the unification of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
The unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not only the culmination of the flourishing age of the Western Han Dynasty, but also the first heyday of China's feudal era.
Cooperative investigation
1. Think back to the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang in the last lesson. Do you think there is a difference between the requirements of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty for building his own mausoleum? Compare what they did when they were in office and say what you think.
2. Who made the greatest contribution, Qin Shihuang or Emperor Wudi of China?
Students work in groups to explore and communicate, solve the above problems and deepen their understanding of the text.
Summary promotion
Any society, country or dynasty will not be stable and its economy will not develop if its bureaucracy is unclear and its politics is dark. From the rise and fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty we learn today, we know that the emperor was wise and reduced the exploitation of the people, and there would be a feudal society. On the contrary, when the emperor was young, his power was absent, his power was sidelined, and he even struggled for power and profit, which eventually led to the decline of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The rise and fall of any dynasty has its natural development law. Have you found this rule?
The trilogy of the courseware "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consolidated the unified dynasty" in the first volume of the seventh grade.
First, the teaching objectives
1. Master the measures to consolidate the unified dynasty, such as "pushing the favor order", "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and salt and iron monopoly.
2. Guide students to read the chart "Contrast between the Central Government and Fencing Forces in the Early Western Han Dynasty" after class, and analyze the measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in combination with relevant historical materials, so as to understand the purpose and influence of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in implementing "promoting pets", "ousting a hundred schools of thought" and monopoly of salt and iron, and cultivate students' problem awareness and ability to analyze and solve problems.
3. Perceive the efforts made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to safeguard national unity and realize that safeguarding and consolidating national unity is a long-term task of the Chinese nation.
Second, the difficulties in teaching
Key points: The policies and measures adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to consolidate the unified dynasty, such as "pushing the favor order", "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and monopolizing salt and iron.
Difficulties: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's policy of "ousting hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone".
Third, teaching strategies
Create historical situations, reproduce history intuitively, and let students experience and feel history in historical scenes.
Set questions, supplement historical materials, and guide students to read texts and materials according to questions. Teachers and students will discuss and solve problems with each other, break through difficulties, and cultivate students' problem awareness and ability to analyze and solve problems.
Fourth, teaching preparation.
Teacher preparation: find relevant materials and prepare multimedia courseware.
Students' preparation: Find out the descriptions of some specific historical events and historical concepts, such as "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion", "Exhortation of favors" and "Dismissed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone".
Teaching process of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
Introduce a new course
The TV series "Hanwu the Great" commented on him like this: He built a country with unprecedented dignity, and he gave a nation the confidence to stand for a long time. His country name has become an eternal name of a nation, that is, the unified Han Dynasty. How did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthen the central power? What is the effect and influence of the measures he has taken? Let's learn lesson 12: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consolidated the unified dynasty. (blackboard writing topic)
Design intention: By introducing the great achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, students' interest and curiosity are stimulated and their attention is attracted.
Teach a new lesson
The first part of my website is my appeal.
Material 1: Contrast map of central and feudal forces in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty (see P56 after-school activities).
Material 2 Today's princes are even dozens of cities, and the land is thousands of miles away. Slow is arrogant and extravagant, and it is easy to be chaotic; If you are in a hurry, stop it from becoming strong and follow suit against capital.
-Han Shu? Zhufuyan biography
Question: What problems did the materials reflect the central government faced in the early Western Han Dynasty?
Teachers lead students to read the text, think, discuss and solve problems with materials.
Students discuss and answer: the princes are powerful, dominating one side and posing a great threat to the central government.
Teacher's explanation: After Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he encountered the problem of the kingdom. What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to solve this problem?
Please enjoy the historical sitcom.
Plot:
The location is Liang Wudi's back garden.
In order to hide people's eyes and ears, Emperor Wu secretly ordered his father to discuss the matter in the back garden.
Yan Fu: What did your majesty call me for?
Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: Does Ai Qing know why Chao Cuo died?
Zhufuyan: Died for the former governors.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: Why did the first emperor risk his life to attack the princes?
Zhufuyan: The land of the ancient princes did not exceed a hundred miles, and the monarch could easily control them. But since Gaozu, some governors have owned dozens of cities and thousands of miles of land in Fiona Fang. When the world is stable, they tend to be extravagant and arrogant; When the situation was urgent, they United against the court by their own strength.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: In Ai Qing's view, it was wise for the first emperor to attack the princes, but why did he fail?
Zhufuyan: If their land is forcibly cut by law, then their rebellion will easily happen. Chao Cuo's policy of reducing vassals led to the rebellion of Wu Chu, which not only failed to reduce vassals, but also almost caused the catastrophe of regime collapse.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: I can't sleep well without beheading the princes!
Father Yan: Your Majesty, I have a plan.
Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: Ai Qing, say it quickly!
Father Yan: There are more than a dozen princes now, but only the eldest son can be passed down from generation to generation. Although the rest are the princes' own flesh and blood, there is no place to seal the country, and the emperor's kindness and filial piety cannot be shown. Why not order the vassal States to preach benevolence and righteousness, divide their land among their sons and seal them as Hou? These children must be very happy, grateful for the emperor's kindness and support his measures. As the saying goes, the fortress is the easiest to break from the inside.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: (I can't help laughing) This plan is wonderful. I will announce to the world today that the "Tuen Decree" will be implemented.
(end of the play)
The teacher asked: which student can tell the main content of the "favor order"
Student: In addition to letting the eldest son inherit the throne, the vassal king can also enfeoffment the fief of the kingdom to his children as a vassal state, and the emperor will be a title. The newly sealed vassal States were managed by counties directly under the central government.
The teacher asked: What is the role and influence of the implementation of the "favor order"?
Student: It weakened the strength of the governors, made them unable to confront the central authorities, and strengthened the central authorities' control over the localities.
Teachers have questions: In order to strengthen the rule of the whole country, what strategies did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have besides implementing the "decree of granting favors"?
Student: Establish a secretariat system.
Question query:
(1) What is the Secretariat System?
(2) What is the function of the Secretariat?
(3) What role did these measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty play?
After the students answer, the teacher will add a summary.
The teacher added: "Stabbing" means inquiring and supervising. "History" means "suggestion". In order to strengthen the local supervision system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a local secretariat. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the whole country into 13 monitoring areas, which were called "thirteen state departments", and each state sent secretariat supervision. The secretariat has the right to supervise county officials. If officials are found to have cheated the central authorities, they can directly report to the emperor and impose sanctions. The secretariat is responsible for supervising local officials, suppressing and cracking down on local strongmen and their children. These measures of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened centralization and consolidated imperial power.
Design intention: Use pictures, written historical materials and questions to cultivate students' reading and analysis ability and guide students to understand the background of the implementation of the promotion order. Historical sitcoms enhance students' perceptual knowledge, stimulate students' interest in learning history, and make students understand the contents and functions of laws and regulations.
The second part, my people, I have the final say
Link transition: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty solved the problem of sealing the country by "pushing favor orders", set up a secretariat to strengthen supervision and control over the whole country, and realized political unity. So how is the ideological unity achieved?
PPT shows after-school activities II. Ask the students to talk about the different attitudes of Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi to Confucianism according to two pictures.
Qin Shihuang: Killing Confucian scholars who dare to comment on state affairs by violent means did not achieve the goal of unifying thoughts, but intensified social contradictions.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: Establish Confucianism as orthodoxy, establish imperial academy in the capital, train Confucian talents, make them enter the official career and become the defenders of the dynasty.
Teacher asked: Confucianism began to be valued in the Han Dynasty, which is closely related to the great scholar Dong Zhongshu. What advice did the scholar give to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? Please watch the video and answer the questions.
Play the video clip "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone".
Material display:
Confucius, who is not in the subject of six arts, has no way. If he does not advance, he will retreat.
-Dong Zhongshu's Three Strategies for Heaven and Man
The teacher asked, "Confucius' skills are divided into six arts". What do you mean?
The student replied: Confucianism is Confucianism.
Teacher's summary: Six arts refer to the six basic abilities that China ancient Confucianism required students to master: courtesy, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and art, and the overall explanation is Confucianism.
The teacher asked: How did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty do it? (Guide the students to read the text and answer)
The student replied: "To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" is to establish Confucianism as the orthodox thought and make the Confucian thought of loyalty to the monarch and etiquette become the spiritual pillar of the unified political power. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also set up the imperial academy in Chang 'an, using Confucian poems, calligraphy, rites, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period as teaching materials to cultivate Confucian talents needed by the ruling class, and Confucian scholars also entered political institutions at all levels.
The teacher wondered: Students, please think about why Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was accepted by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Students think, discuss and explore problems.
Summary of teachers and students: In the early Han Dynasty, the theory of a hundred schools of thought contended was still very active, which was not conducive to centralization and did not meet the needs of political unity during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Dong Zhongshu combined Confucianism with the social needs at that time, absorbed some thoughts and theories of Legalists and Taoists, and created a new ideological system with Confucianism as the core. This thought adapted to the need of the unification of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. As Huang Renyu said: "Dong Zhongshu respected Confucius not for the sake of respecting Confucius, but for the purpose of establishing a formal unified empire." So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion and implemented "ousting hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone".
Design intention: Use multimedia video to reproduce historical situation, let students know that history is not boring, but vivid, stimulate students' love for history, and then understand the connotation and influence of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone".
The third part of my economy is my decision.
Link transition: Through study, we know the measures taken by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to consolidate the rule of Han Dynasty politically and ideologically. What measures will he take to consolidate his rule economically?
Research on materials in PPT demonstration teaching materials.
"The husband seeks wealth by poverty, agriculture is not as good as work, work is not as good as business, and embroidery is not as good as relying on the city gate."
-Historical Records? Biography of Huo Zhi.
The teacher and the students read the meaning of the material together. After understanding the meaning, the teacher asked questions.
Teacher's question: Students, what impact will this situation have on the national economic development?
The student replied: People will abandon agriculture to do business, which will affect the development of agriculture and the economic development of the country.
Teacher's explanation: Yes. In ancient China, agriculture was the lifeblood of the national economy. Therefore, emperors of all dynasties paid attention to the development of agricultural production. What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to change the above situation, stabilize economic development and strengthen social and economic control?
Students read the text, think and answer.
The teacher asked: What impact will these measures bring?
The student replied: These measures have greatly improved the financial situation of the country and laid the foundation for the implementation of many policies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Design intention: Use the literature in the textbook to guide students to analyze historical materials and understand the necessity and influence of the implementation of salt and iron official camp by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Course summary
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a series of measures were taken, such as implementing the "favor decree" politically, establishing the secretariat system, ideologically "dismissing a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and monopolizing salt and iron economically. The centralization of power was strengthened unprecedentedly, and the unified empire was further consolidated and developed, which made the Han Dynasty enter its heyday.
Sixth, blackboard design
As the saying goes, at the beginning of the new year, everything recovers, and spring is the most energetic season of the year. The following is a compre