Dignity and nature coexist.
Unswervingly determined
Fang is the way of a gentleman.
Oriental upper shadow: sunny red
(Answer))
Question 2: Mencius said: "If you stick to the golden mean, you will not attack or attack, and you will never change. That's no different from sticking to your own opinion. " What does this mean? Did Mencius also say the last two sentences? Confucian doctrine of the mean
Question 3: What does the Book of Changes say? Who can read the Book of Changes? Tell me that Zhouyi is China's earliest philosophical work, which occupies an important position in the history of China's ancient thoughts. It not only had a great influence on hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, but also was studied by all accomplished scholars in feudal society. However, who is the author of Zhouyi, a magnificent masterpiece? This is a difficult problem that people have debated for thousands of years.
According to the three sages of Zhouyi, The Book of Changes and Classic Biography were written by Fuxi, Wang Wen and Duke Zhou (or Confucius).
Taking Fu's Book of Changes as evidence, his book Under Cohesion claims to be the king of the world, looks up to the family and spreads gossip. "Historical records? The preface to Taishi Gong also said: Fuxi is honest and clean, and is good at gossiping. In the Biography of the Yuezhe, it was clarified that Fuxi was the Eight Diagrams and Zhou Wenwang was the 3 14 hexagrams, ruling the world. Zhou Benji recorded: "Xibogai was in power for fifty years. Before and after he went to prison, Gai Yi's gossip was sixty-four hexagrams. "
"Confucius" carried out Confucius' sage and said, "Confucius is late, fond of easy things, arrogant, fond of divination and classical Chinese." Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples further proves that Confucius' biography is easy to bend.
It was Ma Rong who inherited and expanded this view. They thought that King Wen divined divination, Duke as a speech of Zhou and Confucius made ten wings, and this was the final conclusion. Only they eliminated the legendary Fuxi. Zhu, who is slightly different from him, thinks that the Book of Changes includes Fu's Yi, His Yi and Confucius' Yi. When reading Yi, we must treat the Yi of these three people differently and don't confuse them.
Confucius theory and non-Confucius theory. For a long time, people who hold this view have been arguing whether Zhouyi is Confucius or not. One school thinks that the Book of Changes belongs to Confucius and others; Another school claims that the Book of Changes has nothing to do with Confucius.
This statement originated in the Han Dynasty. According to Zhou Li, there are three kinds of books in the Book of Changes in the early Zhou Dynasty, one is called Lianshan, the other is Guizang, and the third is called Zhouyi. The first two books were lost in the Han Dynasty, and only the Book of Changes was circulated among the people. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, * * * established the Five Classics Academy headed by the Book of Changes, and some doctors of the Five Classics rearranged and compiled the classics with the prevailing official books at that time, which made the new version of the Book of Changes widely circulated in the society. Under the political background of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" at that time, the descendants of Confucius believed that the Book of Changes was written by Confucius and had its specific historical conditions. So everyone in this book is entitled "Zi Yue". This genre is what later generations call "modern writers".
However, the classics written by the seal script left over from the pre-Qin era are authentic and classic "ancient writers", but they think that the first five classics of the Book of Changes are Zhou Jiu Jing. First of all, they are a compilation of laws and regulations handed down by the late king. Before Confucius came out, how could they be classics? Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote Yi Zi Yi Wen, in which he said: The classical Chinese, copula and mixed hexagrams in the Book of Changes have nothing to do with Confucius. Gong Zizhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, further argued: "Before Zhong Ni was born, there were six classics. It goes without saying when Zhong Ni was born." .
Since modern times, this kind of argument has intensified. Pi Xirui, a scholar who insisted on Confucius' view of "being a writer today", concluded: "Once the Confucian classics were set by Confucius, Confucius could not have them before; Second, when we know that the early Han Dynasty is not far away, we think that Confucius' Confucian classics must be well-founded. " Kang Youwei is even more categorical: "The Six Classics were all written by Confucius, and the ancients said that it was wrong for Confucius to delete them. "Kang Shengren even denied that Confucius was the co-author of Zhouyi.
Not to be outdone, ancient writers who hold the theory of non-Confucius fought back under the banner of money. He carefully researched the evidence and refuted it layer by layer, and came to the conclusion that "Kong Qiu didn't delete and edit the Six Classics." There is no room for reconciliation in tit-for-tat
Mr. Guo Moruo is unique in this debate. He thinks that Confucius is not only not the author of Zhouyi, but also has never read Zhouyi. He said that in the Analects of Confucius, the word "Yi" in Lu is also "Yi", which is not credible; The word "Zi Yue" that appears many times in Zhouyi is not Confucius, but Xunzi. From this, Mr. Guo concluded that Zhouyi was mostly written by Xunzi disciples, and thought that Zhouyi might have been compiled by Chu people before the Warring States Period.
In addition, some scholars argue about the author of Zhouyi according to the idea of Zhouyi. Mr. Feng Youlan wrote that the philosophical views of Zhouyi and Analects of Confucius are completely different, thus denying that Zhouyi was written by Confucius. Professor Su thinks that Mr. Feng's argument is practical. It is not difficult to see that the ideas in Zhouyi and Analects of Confucius are exactly the same. It is hard to say that the argument of Confucius School is not ... >>
Question 4: Contents of the Book of Changes: The first 30 hexagrams of the Book of Changes are from dry hexagrams to broken hexagrams: dry hexagrams (1) Kun (2) Tun (3) Meng (4) Need (5) Litigation (6) Division (7) Compared with (8) Small animals (9) Shoes (10. Kan (melon from salty hexagrams to useless hexagrams: salty (hexagrams XXXI) constant (hexagrams XXXII) question (hexagrams XXXIII) big and strong (hexagrams XXXIII) 39) solution (hexagrams forty) loss (hexagrams forty-one) benefit (hexagrams forty-two) (hexagrams forty-three) move neon four) extraction (hexagrams forty-five) rise (hexagrams forty) sleepy (hexagrams forty-seven) Among Xia Jing's thirty-four hexagrams, two are wrong hexagrams (Zhongfu and Xiaoguo), the other thirty-two comprehensive hexagrams can be regarded as sixteen pairs, and the sum of wrong comprehensive hexagrams is also ten eight diagrams. The "Jing" part mainly includes the names, images, words and figures of speech of hexagrams. "Yin" and "Yang" in the Book of Changes are connected in a discontinuous way, namely "-"and "CC". The ancients used the category of yin and yang to generalize many concepts such as rigidity, benevolence, cold and heat, sun and moon, men and women, day and night, parity and so on, which is the so-called "one yin and one yang is the Tao." On the basis of the establishment of the concept of Yin and Yang, saints draw hexagrams with three hexagrams of heaven, earth and man, and each hexagram has three hexagrams, which is called scripture hexagrams. Because "heaven" is characterized by yin and yang, "tunnel" is characterized by combining rigidity with softness, and human nature is characterized by benevolence and righteousness. There are two possibilities for each of the three talents. The most common arrangement and combination of the three talents is eight, on which the sages founded the Eight Diagrams, also known as the Eight Classics, all of which are three hexagrams. Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "You should pay attention"; Wang: "What is a husband? The text has changed. " The original meaning of "stubbornness" is the alternation of yin and yang. The names of the Eight Classics are: Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Dui. The gossip nature summarized in Shuo Gua Zhuan is: "Dry and healthy; Kun, Shun also; Shock, movement also; Xun (xùn), entering also; Kan, sleepy; Stay, Li also; Gen (gèn), only also; Dui, say yes. " Bagua, Kun, truth, training, seeing, reasoning, root and right not only refer to legal objects such as heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountains and ze. It also adopts the ethics of legal person, representing father, mother, eldest son, eldest daughter, second son, second daughter, boys and girls, etc. Sages also attach importance to gossip, forming sixty-four different hexagrams, namely "sixty-four hexagrams" (also called "other hexagrams"). The two symbols of each hexagram are called Xiagua (also called Neigua and Zhengua in Zuozhuan), and the upper one is called Shanggua (also called Shanggua). There are six hexagrams in Sixty-four Guas. After Confucius wrote the Book of Changes, "-(Yin)" was represented by "Six"; "-"(Yang Yao) ",represented by" nine ". At this time, the eight trigrams in the six hexagrams-Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Hui-are called "wrong hexagrams" according to the statement that "eight trigrams are wrong" in Shuo Guazhuan [2], and the eight trigrams of Gan, Kun, Kan and Li are called "wrong hexagrams". The position of the six hexagrams is called hexagrams, which are first, second, third, fourth, fifth and last from bottom to top. For example, the six hexagrams in Meng Gua (Xiatan Shanggen) are called the sixth day, the ninety-second day, the sixty-third day, * * *, the sixty-fifth day and the ninth day from bottom to top. Classics, hexagrams and ci, that is, the ci drawn by hexagrams, one of which is hexagrams, and each hexagram always refers to all hexagrams; Every sentence has a short article explaining the meaning of each sentence. Zhouyi >>
Question 5: In The Blind Man Fell over the Bridge, "The husband's road is desolate and silent in the air. Those who hold a corner and are strict with themselves regard this as a province! " What do you mean, the blind man's road dried up and the stream fell off. Climb up J(J: the crossbar on the railing) with both hands and hold it firmly. If you miss it, you will go to rolling in the deep. Passers-by told him, "Don't be afraid. Put it down on the ground. " If the blind don't believe me, take the wooden shield. After a long time, I was exhausted and fell to the ground. I said to myself, "Hey! Fleas (same as "early") know that they are on the ground, so why bother! " Husband's road is desolate, silent in the air (suffering from emptiness: trapped in fantasy) Those who are strict with themselves (strict: reserved, conceited) regard this as a province! A blind man crossed a dry stream, slipped on the bridge, grabbed the railing of the bridge with both hands and held it trembling, thinking that he would fall into the abyss if he missed. Passers-by told him: "Don't be afraid, just let go, it's on the ground." Blind people don't believe it. He grabbed the railing and kept crying and shouting. After a long time, his strength (gradually) ran out and he fell to the ground. He laughed at himself: "Oh! If I knew it was on the ground, why did I put up with it for so long? " The avenue is very dull, trapped in fantasy, persistent and reserved. Look at this (story) and you will understand everything! ! ! Hmm. How interesting