On May 17, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Western Region in the New Era to Form a New Pattern, proposing to implement the new development concept and form a new pattern of great protection, great openness and high quality development.

China put forward the strategy of western development in 2000. Since then, a series of policy support has enabled the western region to develop at a sustained and high speed, laying the foundation for the western region to follow, run and even lead the eastern region. Twenty years have passed, and the strategy of developing the western region has also ushered in new development opportunities.

At this time, making clear the new direction, establishing new goals, putting forward new requirements and establishing new mechanisms for the development of the western region is conducive to consolidating the achievements of the development of the western region and opening a new pattern and journey for the development of the western region.

This heavy guidance of more than 10,000 words, with seven main points and thirty-six articles, puts forward many practical measures and suggestions on accelerating the formation of a new pattern of western development and promoting high-quality development in the western region, and points out the direction and provides guidance for the next step of "10" development of western development.

Judging at this stage: four "returns" and one "return"

The opinions fully affirmed the development achievements of the western region, and pointed out that the economic and social development in the western region has made great historical achievements, which laid a relatively solid foundation for the decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way and expanded the strategic maneuver space for national development.

But it also made a profound historical judgment on the western development at this stage.

The problem of insufficient development imbalance in the western region is still outstanding, the task of consolidating poverty alleviation is still arduous, the development gap with the eastern region is still large, and the task of safeguarding national unity, social stability and national security is still arduous, and it is still a short board and weak link in building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing socialist modernization.

New pattern: great protection, great openness and high-quality development

The general requirement put forward in the Opinions is that strengthening measures should focus on key points, fill shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and form a new pattern of great protection, great openness and high-quality development. According to the goal of "two hundred years", the Opinions made a "two-step" plan for the development of the western region, and clearly outlined the timetable and road map for accelerating the formation of a new pattern of the development of the western region.

By 2020, the ecological environment, business environment, opening environment and innovation environment in the western region will be significantly improved, and a well-off society will be built in an all-round way in synchronization with the whole country.

By 2035, the western region will basically realize socialist modernization, and the basic public services, infrastructure access and people's living standards will be roughly equivalent to those in the eastern region. Strive to realize the complementary development of different types of regions, the two-way open cooperation between the east and the west, the prosperity, security and stability of ethnic frontiers, and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Zhang Liqun, a researcher in the Macroeconomics Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that at the historical moment when the first centenary goal is about to be realized and the second centenary goal is about to begin, the Opinions focus on solving the contradictions and problems of unbalanced and inadequate development from the perspective of regional economic development, and still focus on and start to solve the basic contradictions and problems of China's current development proposed in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This is an important programmatic document for the coordinated development of our entire regional economy.

Main contents of the Opinions:

1. In combination with the reality of the western development, we will fight a landmark battle for pollution prevention, implement major environmental protection projects, and build a regionalization control system for the ecological environment. Accurately judge the possible main risk points, further improve the system and mechanism in combination with the actual situation in the west, and come up with reform and innovation measures. Adhere to the bottom line thinking, strengthen source control, and effectively stabilize leverage.

2. Set up a number of application-oriented undergraduate colleges and higher vocational colleges in the western region, and support the "double-first-class" universities to provide counterpart support to the western region. Deepen the innovation of mass entrepreneurship, promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in the western region, and create an upgraded version of "double innovation". Improve the demand-oriented and enterprise-oriented integrated innovation system in Industry-University-Research, and encourage all kinds of enterprises to set up scientific and technological innovation companies in the western region. Support the national scientific and technological achievements transformation guidance fund to set up venture capital sub-funds in the western region.

3. Promote the development of modern manufacturing and strategic emerging industries. Actively develop big data, artificial intelligence and "smart+"industries, and vigorously develop industrial Internet. Promote the development of new formats such as "Internet+Education", "Internet+Medical Care" and "internet plus Tourism", speed up the reduction of fees and accelerate the development of cross-border electronic commerce. Relying on scenic spots and border tourism experimental areas, we will vigorously develop tourism, leisure, health and wellness services and build an important pillar industry in the region. Accelerate the development of modern service industry, especially professional service industry, and strengthen the construction of modern logistics service system.

4. Optimize the structure of coal production and consumption, promote clean production and intelligent and efficient mining of coal, actively promote the classification and utilization of coal, and steadily carry out the upgrading demonstration of coal-to-oil and coal-to-gas and coal-to-olefin. Build a number of oil and gas production bases. Accelerate the exploration, development and utilization of coalbed methane. Strengthen the development and utilization of renewable energy, carry out research on large-scale energy storage projects of cascade hydropower stations on the Yellow River, and cultivate a number of clean energy bases. Accelerate the local consumption of wind power and photovoltaic power generation. Continue to increase the construction of key inter-provincial transmission channels, such as power transmission from west to east, and improve clean transmission capacity.

5. Strengthen the construction of traffic corridors linking east, west, north and south, and expand the axis of regional development. Strengthen the planning and construction of resource and energy development trunk highways. Accelerate the planning and construction of major projects such as sichuan-tibet railway, high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway and chengdu-chongqing railway. Improve the layout of national logistics hub and improve the efficiency of logistics operation. Strengthen the construction of air ports and hubs, expand the air rights of hub airports and actively develop general aviation. Reasonable planning and construction of a number of key water source projects, key river and lake management projects and large-scale irrigation projects, strengthening the continuous construction and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas, the management of small and medium-sized rivers and the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, the construction of drought-resistant water source projects and the prevention and control of mountain torrents. Promote the integration of urban and rural water supply and the construction of key small standardized water supply facilities in densely populated areas, and strengthen the standardization of drinking water sources.

6. Actively participate in and integrate into the Belt and Road construction. Support Xinjiang to speed up the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt and form a westward transportation hub and a business logistics, culture, science, education and medical service center. Support Chongqing, Sichuan and Shaanxi to give full play to their comprehensive advantages, build inland open highlands and develop open hubs. Support Gansu and Shaanxi to fully tap their historical and cultural advantages and give play to the important role of the channels and nodes of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Support Guizhou and Qinghai to deepen ecological cooperation at home and abroad and promote the construction of the Green Silk Road. Support Inner Mongolia's deep participation in the construction of China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor. Improve the level of open cooperation between Yunnan and Lancang-Mekong region.

7. Actively implement the Sino-Singapore (Chongqing) strategic interconnection demonstration project. Improve the construction of Beibu Gulf port, build a port group with international competitiveness, accelerate the cultivation of modern marine industry and actively develop coastal economy. Further improve the open infrastructure such as ports, cross-border transportation and information channels, and accelerate the construction of an open logistics network and cross-border postal system. Accelerate the construction of China-ASEAN information port.

8. Encourage cities such as Chongqing, Chengdu and Xi to speed up the construction of international gateway hub cities, and improve the supporting capacity of provincial capital cities such as Kunming, Nanning, Urumqi, Lanzhou and Hohhot for sub-regional cooperation with neighboring countries. Support the pilot free trade zone in the western region to carry out investment and trade in accordance with laws and regulations, and explore the construction of an administrative system that adapts to high-level openness. Accelerate the construction of inland open economic pilot zone and study the establishment of national first-class ports in inland areas. Study and establish Chengdu International Railway Port Economic Development Zone according to procedures.

9. Improve the layout of key development and opening-up pilot zones along the border, border economic cooperation zones and cross-border economic cooperation zones, and support innovations in cross-border finance, cross-border tourism, customs clearance and law enforcement cooperation, and personnel entry and exit management.

10, promoting the opening up of the western region from the flow of goods and factors to rules and regulations. We will implement the system of national treatment plus negative list management before foreign investment access, open the manufacturing industry in an orderly manner, gradually relax the access to the service industry, and improve the opening level of the mining industry. Support the western region to apply for the establishment of special customs supervision areas according to procedures, and support enterprises in the region to carry out processing business within the commission.

1 1. Take the initiative to connect with major strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Support Qinghai and Gansu to speed up the construction of ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and explore new ways of ecological priority and green coordinated development. Relying on the comprehensive transportation corridor continental bridge, we will strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation between the northwest provinces and the eastern and central provinces such as Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan. Accelerate the construction of the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Belt and Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, and encourage Guangxi to actively participate in the comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Hainan. We will promote exchanges and cooperation between the East and West Pilot Free Trade Zones and strengthen coordination and opening up. Support the construction of industrial parks across regions and encourage the exploration of "enclave economy" and other modes. Strengthen the cooperation and interaction between the northwest and southwest regions, promote the coordinated development of Chengdu-Chongqing and Guanzhong plain urban agglomerations, and build a core engine to lead the opening and development of the western region. Promote the interactive development of urban agglomerations such as Beibu Gulf, Lanxi, Hubao, Hubei and Henan, Ningxia along the Yellow River, central Guizhou, central Yunnan and the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain. Support the open development of southern Xinjiang. Support Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Sichuan-Shaanxi, Zuoyoujiang and other old revolutionary areas to establish and improve a coordinated and open development mechanism with neighboring areas across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) such as Sichuan-Chongqing, Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou and Chongqing-Guizhou. Accelerate the process of integration in key areas.

12, in-depth implementation of key ecological projects. Firmly establish the concept that beautiful scenery is a valuable asset, adhere to protection in development and development in protection, ensure the ecological security of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and protect ecological resources such as glaciers and wetlands in accordance with the requirements of the construction of national main functional areas.

13. Vigorously develop circular economy, promote the construction of resource regeneration bases and the recycling transformation of parks, and encourage the exploration of low-carbon transformation paths. Comprehensively promote the system of long rivers and lakes, and promote the transformation of small green hydropower. Accelerate the construction and transformation of urban sewage pipe network in southwest China, strengthen the management of sewage outlets entering the river, and strengthen the interception, collection and management of sewage in urban villages, old urban areas and urban-rural junctions in northwest China. Strengthen cross-border cooperation in ecological and environmental protection.

14. Explore the marketization path of collective desert land, set the land use and encourage individuals to apply for the right to use it. Deepen the reform of mixed ownership of commercial local state-owned enterprises whose main business is fully competitive industries. Deepen the reform of the price formation mechanism of resource products and other factors, and establish and improve the pricing cost information disclosure system. Orderly liberalize electricity prices in competitive links and deepen the reform of transmission and distribution prices. We will promote the pilot reform of incremental distribution business and carry out the pilot of spot trading of electricity.

15, increase the proportion of direct financing in the western region, support qualified enterprises to issue listing financing and refinancing at home and abroad, and raise funds by issuing corporate credit bonds and asset securitization products. The green channel policy is applicable to initial public offering, listing of enterprises in western poverty-stricken areas, listing of the New Third Board, issuance of bonds, mergers and acquisitions, etc.

16, implement various tax reduction and exemption policies and measures, and strive to reduce logistics, energy consumption and other expenses. Implement "double random and one open" supervision, prudently and inclusively supervise new technologies, new formats and new models, improve supervision efficiency, and prevent disorderly inspections and law enforcement from disturbing the people. Strengthen the basic position of competition policy, further implement the fair competition review system, speed up the abolition of various regulations and practices that hinder unified market and fair competition, continue to carry out unfair competition governance in depth, and form a long-term mechanism to optimize the business environment.

17. Develop modern vocational education, promote vocational education cooperation between the east and the west, and promote the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation.

18. Support commercial finance and cooperative finance to better serve the western development. Guide financial institutions to increase financing support for small and micro enterprises in the western region. We will implement regulatory policies such as non-repayment of principal, due diligence and exemption, and increase support for qualified small and micro enterprises in the western region on the premise that risks are generally controllable. Guide and encourage banking financial institutions to rationally allocate credit resources and increase support for poverty alleviation industries in poverty-stricken areas in western China. Enterprises or projects that support the real economy to light assets raise funds in an appropriate way. Increase the supply of green finance and promote the transformation and upgrading of green economy in the western region. Explore the establishment of a financing risk sharing mechanism in the infrastructure sector in the western region in accordance with laws and regulations.

19. Encourage qualified enterprises to implement medium-and long-term incentives such as equity incentives and dividends. Professional, technical and management talents of state-owned enterprises and institutions are allowed to work part-time in the western region in accordance with relevant regulations and get legal remuneration. According to relevant regulations, retired public officials are allowed to start businesses in the western region.

20, the implementation of negative list and encourage the combination of industrial policies, improve the accuracy and fineness of policies. On the basis of implementing the national unified negative list of market access, the catalogue of encouraged industries in the western region will be dynamically adjusted to adapt to the classified assessment policy. Timely revise the catalogue of advantageous industries for foreign investment in the central and western regions and make dynamic adjustments. Increase the support of the central government for the investigation and evaluation of natural resources in the western region, and give priority to the projects in the western region in the natural resources investigation plan. Where there are conditions for the development and utilization of energy and resources in the western region, priority should be given to local layout and construction and approval. Encourage central enterprises and their newly established branches in the western region to register locally. Appropriately reduce the social insurance premium rate to ensure that the overall burden of enterprises does not increase.

2 1, steadily and orderly promote the reform of the central and local income division. In the distribution of general transfer payments and special transfer payments in various fields, the central government will continue to give differential subsidies to the western region and increase its support by raising the allocation coefficient of funds, raising the subsidy standard or reducing the proportion of local financial investment.