1. Mr. Gong Pengcheng, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, talks about the Spring Festival culture 1. Only China people celebrate the festival; The most important significance of the Spring Festival is to preserve vitality.

Gong Pengcheng: People in China celebrate the Spring Festival. I wonder if I can talk for a while. We regard the Spring Festival as the Spring Festival now, and it is also very good, because it summarizes the concepts of all festivals in China. In fact, only China people celebrate holidays in the world, while westerners don't. Why don't westerners celebrate this festival? Aren't Christmas and Easter holidays? That's not true. What does the festival mean? Refers to solar terms, 24 solar terms. I divide time into twenty-four segments, one segment at a time, and each segment has different changes of yin and yang, so this is the concept of segment. The west calls it "memorial day" to commemorate a certain day. We often confuse holidays with anniversaries now, but they are not. For China, festivals are just a process that is in harmony with the four seasons. The Spring Festival is the most important here, the beginning of a year, the beginning of a year. So the beginning of a year, so it contains several meanings. The first meaning is life, that is, the whole world is angry, creative and biochemical. If the virtue of heaven and earth is called "fate" and the virtue of heaven and earth is called "fate", and people should follow the example of heaven and earth and have unlimited creative power, then this time they should say "fate". So spring came, and it was also a time when the universe was full of vitality. Therefore, in the past, everyone would say that spring, spring is coming, you can't dig a bird's nest, you can't cut down trees, you can't cut down trees. You can't cut down plants when they are growing. This is the business of raising us. So first, the Spring Festival should be combined with heaven and earth, and we should save our strength. This is a very important concept.

2. Spring is the beginning of unification, followed by Zhuang Jing, who wants to maintain his life. Spring is called the beginning of unification and the beginning of a year. Confucianism especially emphasizes the concepts of "Yuan" and "Beginning". Yuan, "Yuan Henry Zhen", began in Yuan. "Yuan" represents a beginning, from which we should be especially cautious. The beginning of a year symbolizes our spirit of being cautious about one thing and paying attention to its end. In this year, we can all save our lives-just talk about "respect" and Zhuang Jing. This is a very important significance of the Spring Festival.

When we talk about the Spring Festival now, we only focus on the significance of going home to visit relatives and family reunion during the Spring Festival. This meaning is actually secondary or another. I'm afraid the two points just mentioned are that we should pay more attention to or restore them now and provide such an angle for your reference. Thank you all.

2. Mr. Peng Lin, a professor of history in Tsinghua University, talks about the culture and etiquette of the Spring Festival.

Peng Lin: In fact, historical development can be said to have no beginning, no end and no end. But it is divided into stages, and the big one is the development stage of social history or history. For ordinary people, this is a tropical year as a stage. Our earth revolves around the sun. The ancients thought that the sun revolved around the earth. So the sun's orbit around the earth is called the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun's orbit around the earth is called the Tropic of Cancer, so it is round, so it can start from anywhere. We are used to starting from the winter solstice and returning to the winter solstice, which is called the tropic year. Now we can start with the first day of the first month.

In fact, this tropical year is a cycle of the changes of our earth all year round, and it is also a cycle of the previous agricultural society, from sowing, farming to harvest, autumn harvest and winter storage. So at the end of each cycle, we all need to decorate, even a family needs to reunite, and at the same time, we must plan the future, how about next year. So after a year, the whole family or family get together to celebrate our achievements, harvest, thoughts and life, and so on. At the same time, we all have a good wish, that is, "good luck". Everyone has such a mentality and has a good expectation for the coming year. At this time, after a rest, a new energy generate came out.

Therefore, the culture of the Spring Festival, we are still a theme: unity, Vientiane update. So around this point, we are used to wearing new clothes when it is difficult, just like when we were young, everything was new when we opened the door, and there was such a cultural psychology.

1, the most important cultural connotation of the Spring Festival is to write Spring Festival couplets. In fact, a very important phenomenon in our Spring Festival is to write Spring Festival couplets. I think the cultural atmosphere is extremely important. Let's talk about last year and next year through the Spring Festival couplets, that is, to greet the old and welcome the new. I used to think that the Spring Festival couplets were the most concentrated, but now I seldom write them myself. I bought them all. After buying Spring Festival couplets, everyone even regards them as two pieces of red paper, which is a bit festive. I still advocate that every family write their own Spring Festival couplets and express their wishes with their own knowledge. If every household can do this and observe and learn from each other, I think the cultural level of society will be very high.

When I was in middle school, I remember walking in the street, and every family wrote their own Spring Festival couplets. I still remember that some of them were even written in seal script, and some were written in official script. Well-written Spring Festival couplets can even be unforgettable for a lifetime. At that time, when the Gang of Four was crushed, I saw that some people's Spring Festival couplets were called "Yi"-the Yi of Zhouyi-"Yi said" Gan Kun Ding "-the turmoil was decided the day after tomorrow, and" Poetry is like a drum, enjoying it "was used in the Book of Songs. I think the most important thing in the Spring Festival is to take out the Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are the future that everyone expects in language and expression. This is an extremely rich thing. And, of course, gongs and drums. I don't think this comparison level is that high.

2. Pay attention to etiquette and seniority in New Year greetings. In fact, New Year greetings are mutual congratulations. China people pay special attention to seniority, that is, the younger generation and the older generation. Now when we say "Happy New Year", we actually mean "Happy New Year"! Happy new year "I wish you a happy new year. This is called Happy New Year. In fact, it must pay a New Year call. Between the younger generation and the older generation, peer etiquette cannot be used. You can say hello when you see each other, which is enough for peers. But the younger generation must bow to their elders, especially at home, between children and grandchildren, between parents and grandparents. Because it takes a certain ceremony to express respect, and different ceremonies express different respects. Colleagues are different from the younger generation to the older generation, so it is still the case only in rural areas. One day, 365 days a year, I express my gratitude to my elders in this most solemn way. I think this thing still needs to recover slowly.

I think it's better this way. The people of China are a moral country, so morality cannot be immoral. Moreover, there seems to be no new year card now, and only one or two new year cards have been received this year. In fact, New Year cards have many languages. It is very important to pay attention to appellation when paying New Year greetings. In our place, when I was young, I didn't call my elders when I saw them on New Year's Day. The elders are so angry that they even think it is unlucky to meet you for the first time on the first day of the New Year. Why don't you even have a title? That's rude. Therefore, everyone attaches great importance to the Spring Festival, and everyone hopes to have a good start at the beginning of the year. If they get a person who is neither big nor small, who is neither up nor down, who is not deep or shallow, the old man will be very unhappy. This title has now become a science. I didn't want to learn before, but I shouted every day.

3, Chinese New Year, worship heaven and earth, worship ancestors, be a man, don't forget this, this kind of thing is called "heaven and earth". As far as I know, there is an article in The Book of Dai Li called Three Books of Rites, which says there are many gifts, but there are three original ones. One is heaven and earth, "heaven and earth are the foundation of sex." This "sex"-gender "sex" should be interpreted as "fate", that is, there is no heaven and earth. So it is the foundation of life. So why fear heaven and earth? It's amazing. The other is the ancestor, which is the "foundation of class". Your surname is Han, my surname is Peng, and his surname is Zhang. How did we pass it down? It was handed down from generation to generation. "Jun and Shi"-Jun and Shi-is the foundation of governance. You always have to rely on managers to govern the country, and there are also learned people. Therefore, the ancient sacrifices of "heaven, earth, monarch, relatives and teachers" were later simplified to memorial tablets by some people. Actually, I don't think so. Because we worship teachers, there is now Teacher's Day or Confucius' birthday. At this time, we go to worship the teacher. Then, on this day, many people pay more attention to worship heaven and earth. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, one is to worship ancestors, because after all, it is a family-by-family New Year.