Introduction of fur species can be divided into thick skin according to appearance characteristics, represented by fox skin; Medium and thick fur, represented by mink; Thin fur, represented by Persian lamb skin. According to the hair and cortex of rawhide. Can be divided into the following five types:
capillary tube
It mainly includes sable skin, chinchilla skin (blue-purple-blue, also known as green Qiu Lan) mink skin, otter skin, sea dragon skin, snow-sweeping mink skin, Yellow weasel skin, tiger skin, squirrel skin, silver mouse skin, muskrat skin, beaver skin, monkey skin and so on. The fur is thin, short and soft. Suitable for making fur hats, coats, etc.
Macrocapillary
It mainly includes fox skin, raccoon skin, lynx skin, badger skin and raccoon skin. The width is bigger. It is often used to make hats, coats, cloaks and so on. Rough fur
Commonly used are sheepskin, dog skin, wolf skin, leopard skin, marmot skin and so on. Long hair, slightly bigger. Can be used to make hats, coats, vests, clothes, etc. All kinds of fur
Miscellaneous fur includes cat skin, rabbit skin and so on. , suitable for clothing accessories, the price is lower.
Rex rabbit skin
It first appeared in France in 19 19. Because of its soft, smooth and neat fur, it can be compared with otters, so it enjoys the reputation of Rex Rabbit in China. Rex rabbit is a very famous short-haired rabbit, whose hair is short and neat, warm and not easy to fall off.
marten
It belongs to fine fur fur, with excellent leather board, soft and firm, rich plush and smooth color. The leather clothes made of it are elegant, ideal fur products and have the reputation of "the king of fur", so it becomes a symbol of wealth. It is called "soft gold" abroad. Mink skin has three characteristics: "The wind in Mao Mao keeps the skin warm, the snow disappears, and the snow in Mao Mao does not get wet".
pelt of fox
The color range of fur is very wide, almost all kinds of fur colors are available. The needle hair is long and shiny, and the down of the native sheep is rich and soft, colorful and elastic. Fox skin varieties include silver fox, cross fox, crystal fox, blue fox, red fox, gray fox and white fox. Fox skin can also be dyed in various colors. Fox skin is a treasure in fur, beautiful and warm, and is known as one of the three pillars of fur in the world.
sheepskin
Features: good elasticity, strong hygroscopicity, good warmth retention, wide application range, and can be dyed into various colors.
Coonskin
Features: the back hair is dark brown or brownish yellow, the needle hair tips are black, and the center of the back is mixed with black hair tips as much as possible. It has the characteristics of long needle-like hair, rich down of native sheep, elasticity, wear resistance, good luster, strong leather board and strong heat preservation.
5.rabbit skin
Features: Rabbit hair has excellent natural characteristics. Rabbit hair is pulp cavity fiber with dead air layer inside, which has excellent warmth retention; At the same time, it has high moisture absorption effect, and its moisture absorption capacity is twice that of wool and three times that of cotton, so it has natural health care function.
Introduction of leather types
1. Leather is the original skin peeled from cattle, foreign animals, pigs, horses, deer or other animals. After tanning in leather factory, leather materials with various characteristics, strength, feel, color and pattern are made, which are essential materials for modern leather products. Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are the three raw materials for tanning. There are two kinds of dermis: the first layer and the second layer.
(1) The top skin is the grain-like skin of cattle, foreign animals and pigs, with natural scars and traces of blood tendons on one side, occasional knife wounds during processing, and extremely low utilization rate. Imported top-grade skin also has the serial number brand of scalper. Full grain leather can be distinguished by pore thickness and density. There are many kinds of cowhide, including cowhide, beef cowhide, grazing cowhide, bull cowhide, castrated bull cowhide, castrated bull cowhide and so on. The raw skins of various animals are directly processed into top skins, or the skins of cattle, pigs, horses and other animals with thick skins are unhairing and cut into upper and lower layers, and the upper layer with tight fiber structure is processed into various top skins, such as cowhide, buffalo hide, cowhide and so on. Among them, the pores of buffalo hide are thicker and slightly sparse. The pores of cowhide are thinner and thicker than those of buffalo hide. The pores of sheepskin are fine, dense and a little inclined, mainly sheepskin and goatskin. Pigskin is easy to distinguish, because the rule of long hair is that 3~5 pigskins are distributed in small pieces. Generally, it is made of pig skin raised artificially and wild boar skin, which is famous for South American wild boar. This kind of wild boar skin has obvious characteristics of pig skin pores and grain surface. Because of its special collagen fiber structure, it can be processed into very soft garment leather or glove leather with high value. In addition, crocodile skin, alligator skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, sea fish fillets (including shark skin, cod skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc. ), freshwater fish skin (including scaly fish skin such as grass carp and carp skin), hairy fox skin (silver fox skin, blue fox skin, etc. ), wolf skin, dog skin and rabbit skin are all easy to identify.
(2) The two-layer skin is a two-layer part with loose fiber structure, which is processed by spraying chemical materials or covering PVC and PU films. Therefore, an effective way to distinguish the first skin from the second skin is to observe the fiber density on the longitudinal section of the skin. The top layer is composed of dense and fine fiber layers and only loose fiber tissue layers, which can be used to make leather products only by spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains certain characteristics of natural elasticity and process plasticity, but its strength is poor and its thickness is the same as that of the top layer. 1, genuine leather is the original skin peeled from cattle, exotic animals, pigs, horses, deer or some other animals, and made after tanning in a leather factory. Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are the three raw materials for tanning. There are two kinds of dermis: the first layer and the second layer.
(1) The top skin is the grain-like skin of cattle, foreign animals and pigs, with natural scars and traces of blood tendons on one side, occasional knife wounds during processing, and extremely low utilization rate. Imported top-grade skin also has the serial number brand of scalper. Full grain leather can be distinguished by pore thickness and density. There are many kinds of cowhide, including cowhide, beef cowhide, grazing cowhide, bull cowhide, castrated bull cowhide, castrated bull cowhide and so on. The raw skins of various animals are directly processed into top skins, or the skins of cattle, pigs, horses and other animals with thick skins are unhairing and cut into upper and lower layers, and the upper layer with tight fiber structure is processed into various top skins, such as cowhide, buffalo hide, cowhide and so on. Among them, the pores of buffalo hide are thicker and slightly sparse. The pores of cowhide are thinner and thicker than those of buffalo hide. The pores of sheepskin are fine, dense and a little inclined, mainly sheepskin and goatskin. Pigskin is easy to distinguish, because the rule of long hair is 3~5 pieces before it is really distributed. Generally, pig skin and wild boar skin are raised artificially, and the famous South American wild boar.
This kind of wild boar skin has obvious characteristics of pig skin pores and grain surface. Because of its special collagen fiber structure, it can be processed into very soft garment leather or glove leather with high value. In addition, crocodile skin, alligator skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, sea fish fillets (including shark skin, cod skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc. ), freshwater fish skin (including scaly fish skin such as grass carp and carp skin), hairy fox skin (silver fox skin, blue fox skin, etc. ), wolf skin, dog skin and rabbit skin are all easy to identify.
(2) The two-layer skin is a two-layer part with loose fiber structure, which is processed by spraying chemical materials or covering PVC and PU films. Therefore, an effective way to distinguish the first skin from the second skin is to observe the fiber density on the longitudinal section of the skin. The top layer consists of a dense and thin fiber layer and only a loose fiber tissue layer. Only after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing can it be used to make leather products. It maintains certain characteristics of natural elasticity and process plasticity, but its strength is poor, and the thickness requirement is the same as that of the top layer.
(3) All kinds of leather are popular now. Leather processing technology is somewhat different, but the method of distinguishing is the same.
2. The following is a detailed introduction of all kinds of leather processed with leather surface:
(1) Water-dyed leather: refers to all kinds of soft leather made from top hides such as cattle, foreign, pigs, horses and deer, which are bleached, dyed into various colors, loosened and polished.
(2) Open-edged beaded leather: also known as coated leather, it is thrown in half along the cone beam, and the loose belly and the first layer of leather or two layers of open-edged cowhide are trimmed on the limbs, and various PVC films of solid color, metallic color, fluorescent pearl color and magic color are pasted on its surface.
(3) Patent leather: leather made of two layers of leather blanks sprayed with various chemical raw materials and then calendered or dulled.
(4) Trimming: It is a kind of inferior first leather blank. The surface is polished to remove the scars and traces of blood tendons on the surface, and then sprayed with various popular colors to make leather with lines or smooth effects.
(5) Embossed leather: Generally, various patterns or patterns are pressed with trimmed leather or beaded leather, such as crocodile pattern, lizard pattern, python pattern, water ripple pattern, beautiful bark pattern, litchi pattern and deer pattern. , as well as stripes, squares, three-dimensional patterns or creative patterns that reflect various brand images.
(6) Printed or burnt leather: The material is the same as the embossed leather, but the processing technology is different. It is printed or burned with various patterns or patterns to make the first or two layers of skin.
(7) Frosted leather: the leather surface is polished, and the grain surface scars or coarse fibers are removed to expose neat and smooth leather fiber tissues, and then dyed into various popular colors.
(8) Suede leather: It is the first layer of leather made by grinding the surface of leather blank into suede and dyeing it with various popular colors.
(9) Laser leather: Also called laser leather, it is the latest leather variety that uses laser technology to etch various patterns on the leather surface.
Washed sheepskin
Now it's just a special treatment. It can be washed with water, which changes the previous phenomenon of leather hardening when it meets water. It is still very soft after washing, but the problem of leather is still related to the raw materials used before treatment. Doesn't mean that sheepskin must be better or worse than washed. Washing with the same raw materials is expensive, because the process is complicated and washing represents fashion.
Spring lamb skin
Spring lamb skin, also known as "new season lamb skin", is a kind of lamb skin that has never been cut. The peak season of annual output begins in July and reaches its peak in 1 1 month or1February. Spring lamb skin
The length of wool is generally 2 "to 3". The fur of spring lamb is fine in texture, natural in fur, uniform in fur, full in leather and good in elasticity. Early-season lambs are considered to be the best raw materials for imitation leather and advanced imitation leather products in the world.
Shearing sheep skin
This kind of lamb skin has been cut before slaughter. The length of wool varies from year to year according to different seasons, generally ranging from 0.25 "to 2.5". The choice of sheepskin can be classified according to different uses, such as integrated products of wool and leather, decorative products such as cushions, mattresses, shearing shoes and car cushion covers. Features of finished products: slightly coarse hair, good resilience, smooth feel and high grade.
sheepskin
Sheepskin comes from mature sheep. This kind of sheepskin is available all year round, and the length of wool changes with the seasons. 1 1 month to February is the shearing season. This period
Interwool is shorter. The choice of sheepskin can be classified according to different uses, such as car seat covers, decorative products, wool and leather integrated products, coats, shoe linings and so on. Features of finished products: fine wool, good density, plump and smooth feel.