There is not an accomplished person in China who has not read the Tao Te Ching since ancient times. Inaction is indifference, indifference to everything, indifference to the success or failure of life; Things are not beautiful, ugly, good or bad; There are no illusory changes in the world.
Reflections on Reading Tao Te Ching
Before we begin, I think we should mention an idiom-purple gas comes from the east. According to legend, when Lao Tzu traveled to Hangu Pass on a westward journey, he ordered Yin to see a purple floating pass, and he was greeted by him when he passed the customs. If he sees an old man riding a green cow with a fairy wind, Yin sees that the old man has a beard like snow, like a saint. So I left Laozi outside the customs and asked him to write an article before going west. I couldn't refuse, so I wrote the Tao Te Ching to warn future generations.
The Tao Te Ching has only more than 5,000 words, and later generations divided it into 8 1 chapters. Although there are not many words, it is a wonderful chapter with careful words. It can be described as a wonderful book. Truth is naturally "mysterious and mysterious", so many people look at "Tao" and sigh. This is not surprising. After all, the book Rosen Yong Zhen covers the dialectical methods of world outlook, outlook on life and values, including the wisdom of governing the country, philosophy of life, cultivation of human nature, military philosophy and health preservation.
Many people at home and abroad write book reviews for Tao Te Ching, and some people also write books for it. For example, Mr. Lu Xun once said, "If you don't read the Tao Te Ching, you won't know the true meaning of China culture and life." Another example is Ryutagawa of Japan, who thinks this book has a unique charm and gives people who are exhausted under the oppression of the secular world a magical power. Indeed, the book "Tao Te Ching" tells us how to look at things with relief and how to understand the yin and yang sides of everything, which is what we often say: "misfortune is blessed, and happiness is blessed." Look at everything in the world with an optimistic outlook on life and the world.
My first impression of reading this book is one word-deep! It can be said that every sentence in this book is enough for us to interpret for a lifetime! The Tao Te Ching has only more than 5,000 words, but the word "Tao" has appeared more than 80 times. So what is Tao? Laozi mentioned in the first chapter: Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary. The name can be named. It's very famous. It is more difficult for me to understand this book. But he commented Tao many times in later chapters. Even so, "Tao" is still very vague in my mind. After all, Lao Tzu interpreted Tao in many ways. Including the formation of the universe, dealing with people and governing the country militarily. These annotations of Laozi make my understanding of Tao more difficult. Let it go, how many people can be enlightened at all times and in all countries? Most people who realize the meaning of Tao are monks and scholars. In this way, I lost my intention to write a book. Water is mentioned many times in the book, and the beginning of chapter 8 is "Good as water", and we often come into contact with this idiom in our lives. What does this idiom mean? As far as I'm concerned, water is the most feminine, so is Tao. It benefits everything without fighting, and raises us without asking for anything in return. Therefore, "living well, being kind, being kind, speaking well, being good at politics, doing well, doing well, doing well, being arrogant, so it is special." What we want to learn is the moral character like water-doing nothing and doing everything, arguing and doing everything. Be hated by all and respected by all. Therefore, the monks and scholars who first realized the path of inaction will be respected by us! So I learned some lessons from the water.
Water is the softest thing. It is difficult for a horde to defeat a Qiaozui Zhang, and it is difficult for a sword to split into soft water. We know that water is soft, soft to the extreme! We can use swords, guns and shells to destroy some hard things, such as buildings and iron walls. But can you split the water with a sword? Can you fry a hole in the water with shells? We can't! These tough substances can only be invisible in water, so "the world is the softest and the world is the strongest". Water and Tao are invisible, and you are elusive and within reach. Surrounded by Tao, because Tao is "nothing". We know that the universe is an infinite space! This infinite space has bred countless planets, and our earth is just one of the humble particles, which is unique because there is life in it. We can't pretend because of this, because there may be countless higher life forms in the universe! Their technology may be beyond our imagination! Tao is like Xuanzang. Xuanzang is the female genitalia, and we will always be her children. Never pass her! We should learn the softness of Tao and water, so that our road will be smoother and our life will be smoother.
Some people tend to think that only "having" can be used by us. However, this is not the case. Nothing can be independent of being. The value of "existence" can only be displayed through certain forms. And this intangible form is nothing, and the reason why there is nothing is nothing. As mentioned above, all the planets in our universe have evolved from scratch. "Nothing" actually refers to space. For example, the house we live in is useful because it is empty and can accommodate people, so it has the function of a house. If a house is an entity, it has no value. Another example is the candy box, because it is empty and can hold candy, realizing its "value". The concepts of "being" and "nothing" are not only applicable to matter and space. It also applies to our psychology. We often tell our parents to give us some space. If others interfere in our space too much, we will feel very narrow, breathless and bored. The universe is the universe because it has enough space to put everything in, and if people have such a big space, we will be free! Freedom here is absolute freedom. However, this is impossible. We can't be on the same level as the invisible Tao, nor can we be above it. So our hearts always tell us what to do and what not to do. This is because our inner space is limited, and the universe is a big concept and infinite! We can't be equal to it, we can only keep pursuing it! Pursuing "nothing" pursues a realm where reality and virtual "being" and "nothing" work together. Only in this way can we achieve relative freedom and relax.
The invisible Tao, the softest water, is what the pioneers learned from us and will never stop.
Laozi's dialectical view is mysterious, and the most famous one is Yin and Yang. Yin He has been extended to many relative concepts, such as affirmation and negation, right and wrong. Why is the Yin and Yang in Taiji diagram spiral? Why not divide it with lines? Why is there white in black and black in white? I think this design is the best embodiment of "good luck depends on bad luck" and "extremes meet". There is a little black in white, and a little white in black because everything has its opposite. "A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" is the best example. When black is more than white and white is more than black, it becomes its opposite color, and it goes on and on. Other substances will be turbid if they are wantonly destroyed. Just like human beings, the cycle of everything is the foundation of their Tao. However, human beings intervened-destroying the forest and killing it. This will only disturb the normal order, and finally human beings will sink in this turbid airflow. And then return to normal. The ancients said, you can't run out of fish, you can only log and hunt. Translated into modern times, it just can't destroy the ecological balance. We should seize the interests correctly and be undisturbed. At the same time, we should realize the mutual transformation of good fortune and bad luck, and we should not forget the original image happily because of temporary success. Perhaps disaster lurks tomorrow, and we should not be discouraged by a temporary failure. Maybe luck is hidden behind you.
I summed up thirty-six words after reading the Tao Te Ching. Doing nothing, doing nothing, being indecisive, being tough, learning water, being kind to others, being clear about Yin and Yang, being sensible, stopping knowing, is beneficial to this, being alive and realizing morality.
Tao Te Ching is really a treasure of Chinese civilization, among which you have to read it yourself. Everyone can learn different things when reading the Tao.
Thoughts on Reading Tao Te Ching
Actually, this is the first time I have read the Tao Te Ching. Because of the homework assigned by the teacher, I can't go to the library to borrow the Tao Te Ching. On the way back from the library, I took the Tao Te Ching. I suddenly feel that I should finish reading this book earlier. Looking at the big characters on the cover, I suddenly felt very comfortable. What is the reason? I still don't understand.
The Classic of Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts, the upper part and the lower part. A version of Suntech Xia Dao was unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, but it is generally considered as Suntech Xia Dao. )
According to this classification, let's look at it separately.
Tao, namely heaven, is the law of nature.
Shown in several aspects. One is "Yi", which means change. The first sentence of Tao Te Ching says that "Tao can be Tao, but extraordinary", and the Tao that can be said is not "constant".
The second aspect is the law of "Yi". The so-called "Yi" method means that "the Tao says big, big is death, death is far, and far is opposite". The general meaning of this sentence is that everything is growing gradually, but the "strong man is old" will gradually decrease, so it returns to its original state.
Needless to say, the purpose of Lao Zi's writing this moral classic is to explain the moral laws, while the second half of the moral classic mainly talks about the way of being human, that is, how to apply heaven to personnel. It is not difficult for us to know. In fact, the focus of Laozi's writing of moral classics falls on the lower moral classics.
After reading the Tao Te Ching, the biggest feeling still comes from the string that was touched somewhere in my heart. "Forever and ever. The reason why heaven and earth are so long is that they can live forever because they are not born. It puts saints and bodies first; Living outside your body. Not because of its selfless evil? Therefore, it can be private. " It means that heaven and earth can last forever because they don't live for themselves, they exist naturally, so they can last forever. Therefore, the sage put himself behind, but he was respected. He put himself outside, but he saved himself. Isn't it because saints are not selfish? That's why he is himself. But just look at today's society, how many people can turn their backs on themselves? Only a few, the era of rapid economic expansion, so that more people lost themselves in the face of greed. I have to say that this is a social tragedy, and none of us want to see it.
The Tao Te Ching has only five thousand words, but as long as you read and understand it with your heart, you will find that I can sum up the truth in five thousand words.
Laozi pays attention to people's inaction, which is a state of mind, a cultivation and a dialectic. Promoting inaction to the society is helpful to the stability of the country, but if we stand at the height of historical development, one-sided inaction will not help the progress of mankind. Therefore, if contemporary young people want to understand the ancient theory of inaction, they should treat it dialectically. "Those who are good follow it and those who are not good change it." From the perspective of dealing with people, inaction is tolerance for people. "All rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance, towering walls and materialistic justice." Be tolerant of others. "All rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance, towering walls and materialistic justice."
What does the Tao Te Ching say? Why it is widely respected is mainly about the general appearance of people who abide by morality (or gain enlightenment) and morality itself, as well as the importance of morality and how to practice and approach morality (or gain enlightenment) (morality is not elaborated in detail)
The word "Tao" in the word "truth" is the word "Tao" in the Tao Te Ching.
Mainly say the reason. This is science. There is physics, rationality, humanity and jurisprudence, and rationality is law. It is the principle of the formation mechanism of things, with cause, process and result.
Managing this kind of thing is more like a formula in mathematics. The specific affairs may be different (the materials are different), but the reason is reasonable (the law is the same).
Explain the meaning of "Tao, Morality and Classics" respectively:
Tao means road. It is the law of human experience and experience of natural things and human things after several years, and the law summarized after experience is Tao. Just as Lu Xun said, "There is no road on the ground, and more people will become roads." It is the "Tao" of how human beings live and survive better. With this "Tao", people now get a mathematical formula, and just apply materials according to the formula. With this road, driving along this road can reduce human attempts on dangerous roads and reduce human bumps and bumps on the road.
Virtue means responsibility. Walking, not walking in the air, needs something to support people or things. This is "virtue", which means carrier. That's why it's called "virtue carries things."
Classic means classic, and it also means path and process.
Most people under the age of 30 don't like reading such books. Most of them are older, because they are older and have more life experience. After reading this kind of books, I think about what I have experienced, which proves that I have walked a long way and taken many detours, and my understanding of the world and the truth mentioned in the book have produced a * * * sound. However, there are many detours in life that must be taken. Because the process of experience is sometimes painful and happy.
Personally, people can be divided into two categories: those who pay attention to the process and those who pay attention to the results. Tao Te Ching is more suitable for people who pay attention to results.
Is Tao Te Ching widely respected? Although I am a disciple of Laozi, I didn't find the Tao Te Ching widely circulated, but the descendants of Confucius are proud of the spring breeze. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, seeing the decline of the royal family, Lao Tzu decided to go to Hanguguan to live in seclusion in the West. He met Yin, the guard of Hanguguan, who was a loyal disciple of Laozi, so he begged Laozi: Go to seclusion. Can you write a book for our future generations to learn? So I spent seven days and seven nights writing two volumes of Tao Te Ching. Tao Te Ching is the treasure of life and the most sacred practice. This is not boasting or exaggerating. Tao Te Ching really cracked the mystery of the universe, and it is really a refined book. Whether you can fully understand the mystery or not, you can benefit a lot. To this extent, you will benefit from it; Some people say that Lao Tzu is idealistic, but this is completely inaccurate.
Tao Te Ching, also known as the True Classic of Morality, Five Thousand Words of Laozi and Five Thousand Articles of Laozi, was a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times, and was highly praised by the philosophers at that time. It is a philosophical work written by Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The ideological explanation of Tao Te Ching Lu Chunqiu Parr used a word as its definition, that is, the word "soft". Three key words are used to summarize the ideological system of Tao Te Ching: the first is "sex", that is, the true nature of things, the natural nature and the innate nature. When things grow as they are, they reach the best state of life; The second is "inaction", not tossing, conforming to the natural nature of things. "Doing nothing" is not doing nothing, but conforming to the natural nature of things. This is the third word: "Tao", "Tao" is the law, and conforming to nature is the fundamental law.
Tao takes heaven and earth as its angle. . Talk about the way of heaven and earth. . . Morality is based on personnel. . Talk about human relations. . .
The highest law of the universe that can be recognized or perceived from the perspective of human beings. . .
Tao is the law that controls everything. . . But people can't fully control the laws of Tao. . .
Listen to fate as much as you can. . . There is fate in the dark. . .
Tao Heng is nameless. . . .
Ideological points
"History of Art and Literature in Hanshu" says: "A Taoist records the fate of success or failure, the way of ancient and modern times, and then knows its origin, emptying it to be self-sustaining, and humble and weak to be self-sustaining. This gentleman is also skilled in the south. " Sima Tan, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, said in The Six Classics: "Tao makes people single-minded, dynamic and intangible, and nourishes everything." It is also a skill. Because of the harmony between yin and yang, it is not appropriate to adopt the goodness of Confucianism and Mohism, sum up the essentials of fame and law, keep pace with the times, conform to the changes of things, and establish customs for things. It is easy to operate by referring to the agreement, and it is more effective to do less. ""Its art is based on nothingness and uses conformity. Nothing is impermanent, so we can study the feelings of everything. Not for things first, not for things later, you can become the master of everything. "
worldview
"Tao gives birth to one, life gives birth to two, life gives birth to three, and life gives birth to everything." "Things are mixed and natural. Lonely! If you don't change your independence, you can become the mother of the world. I don't know its name, the strong word is Tao, and the strong name is Da. Name is death, death in the distance, return to the distance. Big, big, big, big. Of the four largest in China, only Wang Chuyi. Man, earth, heaven, heaven and Tao are natural. " "Nothing, the Tao is natural." Yes, the mother of all things. Therefore, there is often nothing and I want to see its wonders; Often, I want to see it. They are the same, but with different names and the same metaphysics. "Mystery is both mysterious and mysterious, and it is the door to all miracles." "Everything in the world is born, and everything is born." "Whether it is the same or not, it is difficult to complement each other. Compared with the length, the height is oblique, and the sound is in harmony with each other."
sense of worth
Inaction, Tao and Morality
Laozi's values consist of "nothing", "Tao" and "virtue".
Laozi said "nothing" and tasted: "Everything in the world is born with it, and everything is born without it." When the universe has not yet formed, everything will not exist, so it is called "nothing". The universe was formed at the beginning of heaven and earth, so it is called "being". Everything comes from you, and you comes from nothing. Everything in the world begins with you and ends with nothing.
Laozi said "Tao" and tasted: "Things are mixed, born naturally, lonely and lonely, independent and unchanged, and can be the mother of the world. I don't know its name, and the word' Dao' is stronger than its name. " Laozi thinks that "Tao" is the noumenon of the universe and the foundation of all things, so he says, "Tao gives birth to one, life to two, life to three." "Tao" came into being before all things in the world, and it transcends all things and exists independently, and it is implemented repeatedly, all over the world and endlessly. Lao Tzu also thinks that Tao can't be touched or traced, so he says "invisible, the fountain of nothing." Can only be represented by "Tao", or barely called "big". Therefore, "Tao can be Tao, extraordinary Tao, famous name, extraordinary name." Nothing, the beginning of the world; Yes, the mother of all things. It means that Tao is mysterious and profound, and it is difficult for ordinary people to understand and describe it. If Tao can be described in words, it is not a real Tao. When everything in the universe is formed, human beings will name everything, but it is not the real name of things, because everything in heaven and earth originated from Tao. Man is a natural thing and must obey the laws of nature. Therefore, it is said: "People practice the earth, practice the sky slowly, practice the Tao in the sky, and practice the Tao naturally. "Tao gives life to all things and makes them have their own lives, so I think Tao is the ancestor of all things.
Laozi talked about "virtue" and thought that "virtue" was the embodiment of "Tao" and that "virtue" should be subordinate to "Tao", so he said: "Comte's tolerance is only obedience to Tao." Taoism emphasizes that people should do good deeds in order to help themselves cultivate and avoid making mistakes.
lean meat
Laozi said "be soft" and tasted: "The softest person in the world is the strongest in the world." The reason why "Tao" can go round and round is because "Tao" has the characteristics of the weak, so it is said: "The weak can use Tao." Laozi used the metaphor of "water": "There is nothing weaker than water in the world, and it cannot defeat the winner." He also said: "The weak are better than the strong, and the soft are better than the strong. The world knows everything, and there is nothing to say. " Laozi emphasized the combination of rigidity and softness, and thought that "those who strengthen the beam will not die", aiming at teaching people humility and making progress by retreating. If people do this, they can be wise and protect themselves, so they say, "Knowing their men and keeping their women is landlite;" "For the sake of the world, Changde will not leave, but also the baby." People can be ambitious, but don't try to be brave and beat others. They should be weak and modest, and keep their simple nature. Laozi emphasized "being soft" because he thought that everything in the world would decline one day, except Tao. Therefore, "the wind will not stop in the morning, and the shower will not stop all day." Lao Tzu also thinks that things are unpredictable, so he said, "Happiness depends on misfortune, and misfortune is blessed." Laozi emphasized "be soft and tough" and asked people to be sober and self-controlled, not competitive, otherwise there would be no good end.
In the last place.
Laozi believes that people should have the heart of "staying behind and not arguing". He said: "I have three treasures, which I hold and protect;" One is kindness, the other is thrift, and the third is not daring to be the first in the world. " Being kind to your husband will make you brave, frugal and broad-minded, and dare to be the first in the world before you can succeed. "Only people who are kind, frugal and self-effacing have moral courage, and then give others, get respect and support, and become great. Laozi once said, "A saint dies first, but lives outside. It's not selflessness that makes it personal. "As long as people can give up the heart of winning, they will know that sticking to it is better for themselves than for themselves. If you are sharp, you can't keep it for long. Happiness from now on, can't stay. Being rich and arrogant is self-defeating. " Don't rely on your own cleverness. You should take the attitude of retreating for progress, so as to achieve the realm of "the husband alone does not fight, and the world does not fight with him."
Have little desire
Laozi said that people should "want less", so he said: "Crime is greater than desire, disaster is greater than dissatisfaction, and blame is greater than desire. Therefore, the content is always enough. " If people have the heart of "wanting" and "unsatisfying", then greed is self-sufficient. Only the satisfaction brought by "contentment" is the real satisfaction. Laozi pointed out: "Five colors make people blind, five tones make people deaf, and five flavors make people cool." Addicted to debauchery, appetite will confuse people and damage the senses and spirituality of the body. Therefore, Lao Tzu asked people to "have no desire" and "get rid of desire", so he said, "It is the saints who go to extremes and are extravagant." He also said, "Those who are good at being scholars are not martial. A good soldier won't get angry. He who is good at defeating the enemy does not dispute. Those who make good use of people do it. " In daily life and dealing with people, we should be "simple and simple, with few selfish desires", so as to achieve the realm of "being satisfied without humiliation, being satisfied without danger and lasting for a long time".
Political Views
Do nothing
"Don't be virtuous and make the people do not dispute; Expensive and rare goods, so that people do not steal; If you don't see what you want, you won't be confused. Sage rule: hollow your heart, strengthen your stomach, weaken your will and strengthen your bones. If people are often ignorant and have no desire, and they dare not do it when they know it, there is no cure. "
"Inaction" cannot be understood as inaction. "Huai Nan Zi's Original Tao Xun": "Doing nothing is the Tao, and harmony is the Tao". Taoism's "inaction" means quiet and self-control, and it is the ideal realm of Taoism's "harmony with Taoism" to achieve self-cultivation. If you can reach this ideal state, you can do anything.
Do good for the next one.
"Yesterday, the good, and don't use force, and don't anger, the enemy does not dispute, the benevolent is the best. It is an indisputable virtue and is based on the strength of employing people. It is a great match in ancient times. " "There is a saying in the fight:" I dare not rush to the front and dare not retreat. "That is to say, there is no line, no arms, no invincible, no soldiers. Disaster.
epistemological
"He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise. Those who win are strong, those who are satisfied are rich, and those who are forced are ambitious. Those who have not lost their position for a long time will live long. " "A saint has no intention, and a good man is popular. He is not good, I am good, I am good. I believe what I believe, and I will be convinced if I don't believe it. Sages are on earth. For the world, muddy its heart. People value their eyes and ears, and saints are children. " "See, go up; I don't know. I'm sick. Because saints don't get sick. It is because they are sick that they are not sick. "
1. Title introduction:
Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as the moral truth, with five thousand words and five thousand articles by Laozi. It was a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times. It was highly praised by the philosophers at that time and was an important source of Taoist philosophy. Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters.
2, content introduction:
Tao Te Ching takes the philosophical meaning of "virtue" as the guiding principle, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but it mostly aims at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" theory, which has profound meaning and wide tolerance and is known as the king of all classics.
3, achievement, that is, the reason to be respected.
Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the largest cultural masterpiece that has been translated into foreign languages except the Bible.
This book is an important part of China culture and an ancient philosophical work.
Mainly talking about "Tao is natural", everything in the universe has its own laws, that is, "nature". Humans should conform to it, not oppose it. Analyze things with dialectical thinking.
The mainstream of China culture is Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, and Taoism has an influence on both Confucianism and Zen.