In ancient China, beginning of autumn was divided into three periods: "A cool breeze blows gently; Second, wait for the white deer to be born; Third-class chilling. "
Cool wind: People will feel cool when there is wind. The wind at this time is different from the hot air in summer.
White dew falls: The earth will be foggy in the morning.
Cicada chirping: Cicada chirping in autumn is also chirping.
The poem "beginning of autumn" says: "A sycamore tree reports autumn, and the word rice field yields a bumper harvest. Although it is not in midsummer, it is even more chilling. " (Heshui Zuo)
Astronomical changes in early autumn
In this solar term, the sun moves from Cancer to Leo (longitude 135). At night, you can see the bucket handle of the Big Dipper pointing in the direction of Tiangan "Shen" (southwest). The day when it was handed over to beginning of autumn was July of the lunar calendar, which was also called "Shen Yue Day". In beginning of autumn, the sun is at the declination of+16 19', which is much more southerly than the +23 26' in summer solstice, so the daytime in Beijing is shortened to 14 hours and 04 minutes (15 hours in summer solstice). The weather is still very hot. After beginning of autumn, there are still "crouching" and "autumn tigers" still exist. So we should pay attention to heatstroke prevention. However, a leopard cannot change his spots. There is a "beautiful day" when it is hot at noon and cool in the morning and evening, and "one autumn rain is cold and ten autumn rains are frost."
Climatic characteristics of beginning of autumn.
Beginning of autumn has arrived, but not in autumn. The division of climatic seasons should be based on the "average climate temperature", that is, the local average temperature is below 22℃ for five consecutive days, which is the real autumn. China is a vast country. Although the climate varies from place to place, most areas have not yet entered the autumn climate, and the last days of dog days are still the third day after beginning of autumn. Especially in the south of China, this solar term is still a hot summer. At the same time, because the typhoon and rainy season are about to pass and the temperature is even hotter, TCM calls the period from beginning of autumn to the autumnal equinox "long summer".
The earliest areas are in Qiu Lai, Heilongjiang and northern Xinjiang, and will also fall in mid-August. In general, the autumn wind in the capital Beijing will be cooler in early September, and the autumn around Qinhuai begins in mid-September. The autumn wind will blow to Lishui, Zhejiang, Nanchang, Jiangxi and Hengyang, Hunan 165438+ 10 in early June, and the news of autumn will reach Leizhou Peninsula, and the footsteps of autumn will reach the "ends of the earth".
Agriculture in early autumn
Beginning of autumn is especially important to farmers' friends. There is an agricultural proverb that says, "Harvest autumn when it thunders" and "Farmers don't work hard when the sun is shining in early autumn". This is the beginning of autumn.
If you hear thunder, crops will fail in winter; If the weather is good in early autumn, we can live in good weather, and we can wait for a bumper harvest without the worries of drought and flood. In addition, there is a saying that "everything is harvested in July and lost in June and autumn" and "the north wind rains before autumn and dries the river bottom after autumn". In other words, during the beginning of autumn season in July of the lunar calendar, people expect a bumper harvest of grain. If beginning of autumn is in June of the lunar calendar, if it is not mature, the grain harvest will be poor. The north wind blows in front of beginning of autumn, and it will rain after beginning of autumn. If the north wind blows behind beginning of autumn, it may be dry that winter.
According to the standard of dividing seasons according to the average climate temperature, it must be that the average temperature is lower than 22℃ for five consecutive days before autumn is considered. According to this standard, the Jianghuai area generally enters autumn in the middle and late September. After beginning of autumn, although the summer heat is hard to disappear for a while, although there is the afterglow of "autumn tiger", the general trend is that the weather is getting colder and colder. The daily temperature range is gradually obvious, which is often very hot during the day and very cold at night. In addition, the meaning of autumn, as well as the meaning that crops are about to mature. In fact, according to the standard of climatic division of seasons, the beginning of autumn is when the average daily temperature drops below 22℃ in the second half of the year. There are few areas in China where "beginning of autumn" falls in autumn, except the summer-free areas where winter and spring and autumn are connected all the year round.
"It's so hot after beginning of autumn", the temperature in most parts of China is still high before and after beginning of autumn, and all kinds of crops grow vigorously. Mid-season rice blooms and bears fruit, round stems overnight, soybean pods, corn ears, cotton bolls and sweet potato tubers expand rapidly, and the demand for water is very urgent. The drought in this period will cause irreparable damage to the final harvest of crops. Therefore, there are sayings that "the rice turns into rice after three rains in beginning of autumn" and "the autumn rain is falling, and gold is everywhere".
Double-night growth is in a high-temperature to low-temperature environment, so we must seize the favorable opportunity of high temperature, topdressing and ploughing to strengthen management. At present, it is also an important period for cotton to protect peaches and catch autumn peaches. "Cotton beginning of autumn, the height is pulled together." In addition to applying quick-acting fertilizer to the fields with poor growth, topping, pruning, removing old leaves and wiping redundant buds should be carried out in time to reduce boll rot and boll dropping and promote normal maturity and boll spitting. Autumn ploughing in tea garden should be carried out as soon as possible. As the agricultural proverb says, "seven gold diggers and eight silver diggers", autumn tillage can eliminate weeds, loosen soil and improve water conservation and storage capacity. If combined with fertilization, autumn shoots can grow better.
Before and after beginning of autumn, the northern Chinese cabbage should be sown quickly to ensure sufficient heat conditions before the low temperature comes, and strive for high yield and high quality. Sowing is too late, the growth period is shortened, the growth of vegetable trees is small, and the core is not solid. Beginning of autumn season is also a concentrated period of many crop diseases and insect pests, such as yellow rice borer, rice leafhopper, rice planthopper, cotton bollworm and corn borer. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prediction and prevention. The sowing of winter wheat in the north is about to begin, and preparations such as soil preparation and fertilization should be made as soon as possible.
In the early autumn in the southeast coastal area of China:
The following fruits and vegetables can be planted
1. North: Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, eggplant, celery, black beans, white beans, onions, apples, pears and grapes.
2. Middle part: tomato, eggplant, celery and cabbage.
3. South: Chinese cabbage, long vegetables and sweet potatoes.
The fish below can be caught.
Muhou, Zhuokun, sturgeon, Longjian, sand fish, swordfish, etc.
Characteristics of beginning of autumn
Beginning of autumn means rain, storm, humidity, etc. At the turning point of the year, it tends to decline or decrease. Seasonal changes, rainfall, rainstorm, dry and wet changes in southern China are obvious; In the northern region, these changes are not obvious, but the temperature is obvious. After entering autumn, in nature, the qi of Yin and Yang began to change, everything began to grow from lush to mature, and the climate began to transition from rainy and humid in summer to dry and rainy in autumn. The beginning of autumn does not mean the end of hot weather. As the saying goes, "the summer heat is in dog days", according to the calculation method of "dog days", beginning of autumn is often in dog days until the summer heat, so the weather is still very hot in early autumn, and it will generally get cold after the Millennium solar terms. The watershed of summer heat is in autumn, not at the turn of summer and autumn. The climate in autumn is divided into two stages, the early autumn is sultry, and the climate tends to be dry and cool after the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is a season of alternating hot and cold.
What traditional food do you eat in the early autumn in the north?
1, sauce elbow
Sauced elbow is one of the traditional foods in China, with rich nutrition and delicious taste. In addition, braised pork elbow is a famous historical dish in Weifang area, which is favored by people because of its soft waxy taste, fat but not greasy and rich nutrition. It was once rated as "Shandong famous snack".
2. Roasted duck
Beijing duck is a kind of waterfowl with tender meat, good taste and rich nutrition. It contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which are not accumulated in human body, and can soften cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases after being absorbed by human body. Duck's epidermis contains a lot of collagen, which is a beauty product. Therefore, Beijing roast duck is a healthy food for all ages!
3. Sauced beef
Sauced beef has the effects of invigorating the middle energizer, invigorating the spleen and stomach, strengthening bones and muscles, resolving phlegm, calming wind, quenching thirst and stopping saliva, and is suitable for people with moderate coke depression, shortness of breath, weakness of muscles and bones, anemia and long illness, and yellow complexion.
4. Roasted mutton
"Roasted mutton" is a famous dish of Bai Kui time-honored brand. The production of "roast mutton" is also suitable for other parts of the whole lamb, namely: head, neck, hoof, belly, fat intestine, liver, lungs, heart and even paste. But heads, hooves and scorpions don't need to be fried. If served at the same time, it is "roast whole sheep".
5. Pork head meat
The delicacy of pig's head meat has long enjoyed a good reputation among the people. It is said that the "roasted whole pig's head" in Huaiyang cuisine is the most exquisite and has the longest history, and it is a famous Huaiyang cuisine. Pork provides high-quality protein and essential fatty acids for human beings. Pork can provide heme and cysteine, promote iron absorption and improve iron deficiency anemia.
Step 6 eat "slag"
In Laixi, Shandong Province, beginning of autumn is popular to eat "dregs", which is a kind of small tofu made of tofu and vegetables. There is a saying that "adults and children don't spit or pull after eating beginning of autumn dregs".
7. Bite Autumn
There is a custom of "biting autumn" in beginning of autumn in Beijing and Tianjin. It is said that eating melons in beginning of autumn can avoid diarrhea in winter and the next spring. Guinness miscellanies. /kloc-Customs at the age of 0/8: Eating melons and biting autumn in beginning of autumn can avoid diarrhea.
8. Eat jiaozi or steamed bread.
In the northeast of China, people usually eat jiaozi or steamed buns at home. Probably related to the generous character of the northeast people, we used to call it "grabbing autumn fat." I'll grab a jiaozi from your bowl, so that I can keep fit in autumn and make up for the oil and water lost in summer.
9.eggplant
In the early autumn in the north, some eggplant will be prepared to eat on this day, but the eggplant should be prepared one day in advance and eaten in the early autumn after steaming. I also hope that I can have a good body to spend beginning of autumn and begin to welcome the arrival of winter.
Health care knowledge of solar terms in early autumn
1, tonifying lung and preventing dryness
After beginning of autumn, the climate was dry. Although it is cool at night, the temperature is still high during the day. Therefore, according to the principle of "dryness is dryness", we should eat more foods that nourish yin and moisten the lungs and prevent dryness, such as lotus seeds, lilies, tremella, pumpkins and loquat. If you have friends who have weak spleen and stomach function and are prone to indigestion, you can eat more Poria, Euryale ferox, yam, millet, white lentils and so on. In case of dry mouth, Ophiopogon japonicus, Dendrobium, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, etc. You can add.
2, heatstroke prevention and dehumidification
This year's dog days lasted for 40 days. Even in beginning of autumn, the weather is still very hot, and the "autumn tiger" is still full of charm, so it is necessary to prevent heatstroke and cool down, nourish the heart, strengthen the spleen and eliminate dampness. Usually you can eat more loofah, lotus root, wax gourd, lotus leaf and so on. And you can also choose three bean drinks (30g of coix seed, 30g of mung bean and 30g of red bean).
3, less bitterness
According to Su Wen's theory of dirty qi method: "The lung dominates autumn, and the lung converges. Eat sour and hurry to collect, make up with acid and vent. " It can be seen that acid can astringe lung qi, pungent taste can disperse and diarrhea lung, and autumn harvest should not be scattered. Therefore, it is suggested that beginning of autumn should eat as little spicy products as possible, such as ginger and pepper, and eat more sour fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, dark plums, grapes and pineapples, which will help to nourish the lungs.
Step 4 Exercise moderately
When the air is crisp in autumn, it is suitable for all kinds of sports, such as mountain climbing, which can improve lung capacity. When climbing, you can experience the change of temperature in the mountain and enhance your endurance and resistance. However, if there are patients with osteoarthritis, it is not suitable for mountaineering. Patients with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should do what they can. Generally speaking, the elderly, children and people with physical weakness should not exercise excessively. They should choose relaxing and gentle projects, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan, to prevent excessive sweating and loss of yang.
5. Go to bed early and get up early
In autumn, we should go to bed early and get up early in our daily life. Because after beginning of autumn, the temperature at night gradually gets cooler, which is no longer the feeling of sultry and humid summer, people can fall asleep relatively easily. By combing their hair and listening to soothing music before going to bed, they can fall asleep early, and the quality of sleep can be improved accordingly. It is recommended to go to bed before 10 pm and get up before 6 am. If it is difficult for young people to do this, it is also recommended to go to bed as soon as possible.
6. Regulate emotions
Emotional adjustment after beginning of autumn is also very important. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs in the five internal organs, and the lungs are sad in their hearts. Hou Qian, the attending physician, reminded us to try to be calm, calm and comfortable in autumn and avoid sadness. Even if you encounter unhappy things, you should actively adjust yourself to prevent lung qi from being damaged.