The ancients defined wine not from its chemical composition, but from its effect on people. For example, Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Wine is enough, so human nature is good and evil ..."; One is created by good luck and bad luck; The ancients used Yidi to make wine mash, and Yu tasted it very beautiful, so he ignored Yidi; Du Kang makes wine. "Wine is JIU, so what does JIU mean?" Ceng Yun explains: "Cong Ye. "Wine can show people's good and evil nature from the good and evil of human nature (for example, drinking will expose their own nature, or bold, or shy, or shameless); Another way of saying it, wine is "made" and so is "made". Shuowen is "old" in the final analysis. It looks no different from the previous statement, but there are still differences. This "nine" means creation, creation. The production of things from scratch is called "making", and wine will "make" good or bad things. Make a fuss if you drink too much. " Wine can be chaotic "and" drinking "Therefore, after Dayu tasted the wine mash brewed by Yidi in ancient times, although he felt sweet and refreshing, he alienated Yidi because of the vicious reasons caused by the banquet. Soju was invented by Du Kang.
"Zhou Li Jiuzheng" records that "Jiuzheng is in charge of the purpose of wine, and the wine material is given by the method of style." Wine is an official appointed by the imperial court, who is in charge of the decrees of brewing, distributes brewing raw materials according to the prescribed brewing methods and standards, and supervises the winemakers to abide by the operating rules of "six musts" in brewing. The drinker records the figures every day and reports the accounting vouchers for ten days to Jiuzheng. Jiu Zheng will report the accounting vouchers of the month to Xiao Zi every month, and Xiao Zi will judge them. At the end of the year, he summarized the accounting vouchers for the whole year and reported them to Taizai for judgment. According to the French brewing method, the quality of artificial wine is evaluated to decide the reward and punishment.
The brewer is responsible for brewing Wuqi and Sanjiu wines, and then sending them to the wine house. The so-called five qi, one is suffocating, Zheng Xuan notes: "suffocating, success and I float, average", that is, the wine floats on it with turbidity; Second, Qi Qi and Zheng Xuan note: "Yi, the body is still good, the juice will be with me, and I am drunk now." It is equivalent to today's Tianjiu (mash); The third is to hold high, and Zheng Xuan noted: "Ang, still Weng, but Weng Weng ran, green and white, is now white." Lu Deming explained: "Liquor is today's liquor." It is now brewing. Fourth, sparkling, red, not too clear wine. The fifth is Shenqi, which is the sinking sake. The so-called "three wines" and "wine for business" are suitable for drinking wine for business. Second, yesterday's wine, brewed in winter and brewed in spring, is suitable for wine that has nothing to drink; Sake, brewed in winter and matured in summer, is suitable for sacrificial wine. Wuqi and Sanjiu are only about the classification of wine. Wuqi is classified from the perspective of wine quality, and Sanjiu is classified from the applicable occasions of wine.
The pulp man is responsible for supplying the king with six kinds of drinks: water, pulp, beer, cold, medicine and beer, and delivering them to Jiuzheng House. Water, also known as xuan wine, is clear water used to replace wine in ancient sacrifices. Because water is black, Xuan also means black, so it is called "Xuan". The purpose of using clear water as a sacrifice is to recall the scene of drinking water in the era of no wine. Pulp, "retting pulp also. A cup of water, rice and juice will also be (Shuo Wen); Yi "No wine for one night (Shuo Wen)"; Both pulp and fermented grains are equivalent to the present Tianjiu (mash); Cool is a cold drink made of ice; Medicine, drinks with fermented grains when cooking porridge, the alcohol content is even lower than that of fermented grains; Naan, originally meant clear porridge for brewing, is not strictly wine.
It can be seen that ancient wine and pulp are different and managed separately. Except for the similarities between the "Qi" managed by the drinker and the "Pulp" and "Qi" managed by the pulper (they should all be fermented grains with extremely low alcohol content), the water, cold, medicine and preserved rice treated by the pulper are almost all drinks without alcohol content.
Wine has a refreshing taste, which almost penetrates into politics, economy, culture, education, social life, literature and art and other fields. It seems that "no wine, no ceremony" and "no wine, no banquet" have all become * * * knowledge. However, abstinence from alcohol and alcohol restriction also abound in history. For example, Yu Xia realized that drinking would destroy his ambition and ignore his manners. Duke Zhou learned the historical lesson of Yin Shang from prosperity to decline until extinction, and "only made it in wine", and issued the earliest prohibition order in liquor history. Confucius also said that drinking too much is not enough. From the perspective of Chinese medicine, wine is a blind medicine, and if used well, it is "the length of a hundred medicines." If you drink too much with wine as the pulp, it is very bad for your health.
Wine and pulp can be used for health care. "Su Wen. "On the Jade Edition" said: "Those who are light in color have been attending to soup for ten days; ..... One hundred days have passed since he saw the great depth. " That is to say, the soup is mild (belonging to the liquid of five grains, with clear color and light taste, as opposed to glutinous rice). Zhang Jingyue's note: "Soup mash belongs to wine ... soup, which is sake and the like." ) can be good, and the wine with deeper illness can be cured. "Su Wen Xue Tang" also said: "Since ancient times, people who made soup thought it was for their ears ... In the Middle Ages, morality declined slightly, and evil spirits arrived, but they were convinced." In ancient times, cooking soup and mash was just a backup. In the Middle Ages, few people knew about Germany. In order to resist evil spirits, it is also a good idea to take soup and mash. It can be seen that eating glutinous rice is good for your health.