How to deal with children's convulsions? Children's convulsions are manifestations of temporary dysfunction of brain neurons. During the attack, the child will lose consciousness, twitch all over, roll his eyes, grit his teeth and even be incontinent. Let's see how to deal with children's convulsions and convulsions.
1 Children's convulsions When children have convulsions and convulsions, how to deal with them? Immediately on-site rescue, reduce stimulation. Let the child take a prone position, tilt his head to one side, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, loosen the collar and belt, and remove oral and nasal secretions to avoid suffocation. Keep the environment quiet, don't shake, pat the child, keep calm, don't touch the child, the stimulation is small.
Strengthen nursing to prevent falling out of bed or bumping. Children with clenched teeth can use chopsticks and towels to prevent their tongue from being bitten, but be careful not to put the towel in their mouth as a whole to avoid suffocation. Can give oxygen; Sedative drugs can be given when convulsions occur.
How to deal with children's convulsions in an emergency
When you find your baby twitching, you should put it flat as soon as possible and clean up the surrounding things to avoid secondary injury to your baby. Put a clean cloth in the baby's mouth to prevent the baby from accidentally biting his tongue and ensure that the baby can breathe smoothly. After this, send the baby to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible.
How to prevent the baby from twitching?
1, when the baby has a fever, it is a high incidence of convulsions, so parents should take cooling measures when the baby has a fever to control the baby's body temperature, so as not to let the baby's body temperature get too high and cause convulsions. Infants with febrile convulsions are more likely to relapse when they have a fever in the future. Parents should take care of their babies when they have a fever and take them to see a doctor in time.
2, calcium deficiency in the baby can also lead to convulsions, parents should give their baby more calcium in daily life. It is a good way to give your baby more calcium-containing food or calcium tablets. After calcium supplementation, the baby should also bask in the sun more, so as to better help the baby absorb it.
How to deal with children's convulsions and convulsions 2 When a child has febrile convulsions, parents should immediately lie the child flat on the bed, take off the pillow, untie the child's clothes and wrap up the heat, and do the following four things:
1, stop twitching in time
Parents can press "Renzhong" (middle and upper segment of nasolabial groove 1/3) and "Hegu" (tiger's mouth on the back of hand) with the tip of their thumb.
2. Keep children's respiratory tract unobstructed.
Pay attention to tilt your baby's head and neck backward to one side to avoid food, candy and other vomit blocking your throat. If any, it should be taken out of the mouth in time to prevent suffocation caused by inhalation of trachea. Do not take medicine during convulsion to avoid inhalation into trachea.
3. Prevent accidents
For children who are teething, it is necessary to prevent them from biting their tongues during convulsions. Parents can wrap chopsticks or toothbrush handles with clean handkerchiefs or medical gauze and put them between their children's upper and lower teeth. But don't use force when the teeth are closed, so as not to damage the gums and oral mucosa. Don't forcibly press the child's limbs during convulsion to avoid fracture, but prevent it from falling off the bed.
4. High fever and cooling
When the axillary temperature is higher than 38.5℃, the room where antipyretics are used according to the doctor's advice should be kept quiet and ventilated. Various ways can be taken to reduce the indoor temperature, such as placing ice cubes in the corner of the room, and applying cold towels or ice packs to the head or armpits.
After emergency treatment, whether the child has regained consciousness or not, he should be taken to the hospital for examination, a clear diagnosis and guidance for the next treatment.
How to deal with children's convulsions 3 characteristics of children's convulsions
1. Neonatal period: intracranial hemorrhage caused by birth injury or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy caused by asphyxia during delivery is the most common, followed by neonatal sepsis, purulent meningitis, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, nuclear jaundice, neonatal tetanus, neonatal tetany, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and other metabolic abnormalities.
The common causes of 65438+ 0 ~ 3 days after birth are birth asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage and hypoglycemia. The common causes of 4 ~ 10 days after birth are hypocalcemia, nuclear jaundice, hypomagnesemia, early sepsis and purulent meningitis, tetanus and brain malformation.
At this age, congenital brain developmental malformation and metabolic disorder should also be considered. Placenta previa, threatened abortion, excessive use of oxytocin or abnormal fetal position, umbilical cord prolapse, etc. Can lead to hypoxic brain damage and convulsions. Congenital rubella syndrome, toxoplasmosis and giant cell inclusion disease should also be considered. In some cases, due to the drunken drugs given before delivery, the drugs are passed from the placenta to the fetus, and the drugs are interrupted after birth, which can cause convulsions. The etiology of a few cases is unknown.
2. Infantile period: Febrile convulsion, acute infection such as toxic bacillary dysentery, toxic encephalopathy caused by septicemia, purulent meningitis and viral encephalitis are the most common. Congenital brain dysplasia and congenital metabolic disorders are often particularly prominent in this age group, such as phenylketonuria and vitamin B6 dependence; Some epilepsy syndromes, such as infantile spasms and Othala syndrome, also occurred in this period, usually accompanied by mental retardation; In addition, there is vitamin D deficiency tetany.
3. Preschool and school age: With the continuous improvement of blood-brain barrier and systemic immune function, the incidence of various infectious diseases in the brain is significantly lower than that in infancy. Infectious toxic encephalopathy, epilepsy and brain injury caused by systemic infectious diseases (such as bacillary dysentery and lobar pneumonia) are more common at this stage, and less common are uremia, hypoglycemia, diabetic ketosis, food or drug poisoning caused by intracranial tumor, brain abscess, intracranial hematoma, cerebral vascular embolism, hypertensive encephalopathy or kidney disease.
First aid of convulsion in children
1, keep the child breathing smoothly: If the child suddenly twitches, the first thing to do is to keep the child breathing smoothly, so immediately untie the child's collar, then let the child lie flat on his head and lean to one side to clean the secretions in his mouth and nose in time. It is best to put gauze in the innermost part of the child to prevent the child from biting his tongue.
2, prevent children from hypoxia: when children twitch, breathing will be poor, which will easily lead to brain hypoxia. If the brain tissue lacks oxygen, the brain tissue will fall asleep, which will aggravate convulsions. Moreover, lack of oxygen for such a long time will also have an impact on children's intelligence. Therefore, oxygen should be given to children in time and the oxygen flow should be increased appropriately.
3, spasmolysis: We have many acupoints in the human body, such as Renzhong, Hegu, Shaoshang and other acupoints, and there are many ways to use them. For example, stabbing people can make comatose people recover quickly. Therefore, if the child has convulsions, it is one of the simple and effective methods to stop convulsions with needles.
4, physical cooling: Many children will have a high fever when convulsing, and high fever will lead to the aggravation of the condition and severe brain edema, so at this time, it is necessary to control the child's body temperature at 38 degrees in time. Generally, antipyretic drugs such as aspirin and antongding are used, or the cooling effect is also good with ice packs and warm baths.
5. Prevention of edema: In severe convulsion, edema will appear in the brain, which will also aggravate the condition of convulsion. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent children from edema and properly use dehydration agents and other treatment methods. Commonly used drugs include 20% mannitol, furosemide and hypertonic glucose.
6, good care: it is also very important to take good care of convulsions, such as carefully observing the child's temperature, pulse, blood pressure and so on. To keep the room quiet.
Treatment of infantile convulsion
1, symptomatic treatment:
① Anticonvulsive: Diazepam is the first choice for anticonvulsant drugs, which has a rapid effect. High fat solubility, easy to enter brain tissue. It can take effect within 1 ~ 3 minutes after injection, but its duration is short (15 ~ 20 minutes), and it can be used repeatedly after 15 ~ 20 minutes if necessary. Or choose 10% chloral hydrate enema.
At the same time or later, you can also use diazepam to maintain the antispasmodic effect for a long time. Children with typical febrile convulsions generally only need to be treated for the primary disease, and frequent authors can also take short-term preventive treatment. Only a few complicated febrile convulsions can be treated with sodium valproate or long-term preventive treatment. However, there is no consensus on the prevention of febrile convulsion.
② Febrile: Febrile convulsion is the most common cause of convulsion in children, so we should pay attention to try to cool down quickly. ① Drug cooling: acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken orally. ② Physical cooling: Warm water bath and ice pack are effective cooling measures. Except for babies under 3 months, children of other ages can only be effective after the drug cools down.
③ Prevention and treatment of brain edema: The initiator of recurrent convulsion or persistent convulsion often has secondary brain edema, and 20% mannitol should be added to relieve brain edema.
2, treatment of convulsive state: Convulsive state is easy to cause irreversible brain damage and should be rescued in time. Principle:
① Choose quick-acting and powerful anticonvulsant drugs to control seizures in time, or use midazolam or topiramate, and treat poisoning under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation when necessary. Drugs with sufficient amount as soon as possible, quick effect, long action time and small side effects.
② Maintain life function, prevent and treat brain edema, acidosis, respiratory and circulatory failure, keep airway unobstructed and take oxygen, maintain internal environment stability, and pay special attention to correct hypoglycemia and acid-base imbalance in time.
③ Actively seek the cause, control the primary disease and avoid the inducement.
3. Etiological treatment: For children with convulsions, the importance of etiological treatment should be emphasized. Infection is a common cause of spasms in children. As long as bacterial infection cannot be ruled out, antibiotics should be used as soon as possible. For patients with central nervous system infection, it is advisable to choose antibiotics that easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Metabolic convulsions (such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, cerebral beriberi, etc. ) should be corrected in time to relieve convulsions. In addition, such as tetanus and rabies. The former should neutralize the free tetanus toxin in the focus and blood as soon as possible, and should be given tetanus antitoxin (TAT) 1 ~ 20000 U, intramuscular injection and intravenous drip;
The latter should be given anti-rabies vaccine in time, which can be infiltrated and injected around the wound and at the bottom of the wound; Poisoning should be relieved as soon as possible, such as vomiting, catharsis or promoting the excretion of poisons in the body, so as to reduce the continued damage of poisons.
Nursing care of children with convulsion
1, Home Care: After the baby has convulsions, parents need to calm down and follow the following steps:
(1) Hold the child on the bed or sofa, and tilt his head to one side by hand, so that the liquid in his mouth can flow out normally and prevent backflow.
(2) Take off the child's clothes. If it is winter, you can untie the collar. Don't let the collar catch the child and affect breathing.
(3) If the child was still eating a second ago, take the food out of his mouth.
(4) appease the baby. If the child's mouth is tightly closed, don't try to open it, or it will hurt his mouth.
(5) If the child's body is heating up, take the skills suggested above to help him cool down.
2, drug treatment: most babies suffer from this disease, usually because the body is hot, so the family should store antipyretic drugs suitable for young children and feed them, but the premise of using this method is that home care is ineffective.
Of course, the two can also be combined. After taking the medicine, always feed the baby with water to help him sweat. The dosage of medicine should be strictly in accordance with the doctor's requirements, and blind feeding is not allowed, otherwise it will cause a lot of harm. If sent to the hospital for treatment, the doctor will first investigate the cause of the child's convulsion, determine the specific cause (such as poisoning or calcium deficiency), and then use relevant drugs for effective treatment.