Latin scientific name Pheretima
Commonly known as earthworms and loops.
Chinese medicine earthworm
Kensuke
Earthworms are a common terrestrial annelids, which live in the soil, come out at night, feed on decaying organic matter and swallow it with the soil. It also eats fragments such as stems and leaves of plants. Earthworms can loosen soil, improve soil, improve fertility and promote agricultural production. There are more than 2,500 species of earthworms in the world, and there are 229 recorded species in China. There are many species of Pheretima, and there are more than 2,000 species in China.
Relationship with human beings
Earthworms feed on animal and plant residues in the soil, and often make holes in the ground, which makes the soil loose, facilitates the entry of water and fertilizer, improves soil fertility and is beneficial to plant growth. Earthworms can be used as feed for poultry and are the favorite "meat" food for chickens and ducks. Earthworms are also widely used in freshwater fishing and are suitable bait for various waters, fish and climate. But earthworms have a harmful side. There is a parasite parasitic in pigs-pig lung filariasis, which is parasitic in earthworms for a period of time during the growth and development of its larvae. Therefore, in areas where filariasis is prevalent, earthworms provide convenient conditions for the reproduction of this parasite. Live earthworms are easy to spread diseases and can transmit tapeworm and asthma to pigs. It can spread tracheal mating nematodiasis, capillary nematodiasis, heteronematodiasis and wedge taeniasis to poultry.
External contour
Earthworms are cylindrical, slender, with similar segments and furrows between them.
The head is inconspicuous and consists of the prostate and its anterior lobe. When the anterior lobe of the mouth expands, it can flex and wriggle, and has the functions of digging, pinching food and touching.
The perioral segment is 1 body segment, and the mouth is located on its ventral side, below the anterior lobe of the mouth. The anus in the body is endless and straight-split. Since the second somite, there are bristles arranged around the somite, which is called Pperichaetine.
The bristles are simple and slightly S-shaped, and most of them are located in the rigid hair follicles of the body wall.
Sexual mature individuals, numbered 14- 16, has dark and swollen body segments, no intersegmental groove, no bristles (there are bristles on the ventral surface of earthworm in Hubei), such as ring, which is called reproductive belt or reproductive belt. The shape and position of the reproductive belt vary from genus to genus. The epithelium of the reproductive zone is glandular epithelium, and its secretions can form cocoons during reproductive period. The first segment of the genital belt, that is, the ventral center of the 14 segment, has a female genital foramen; 18 has a pair of male reproductive pores on the ventral side of the somite. There are 2-4 pairs of seminal vesicle openings, which vary from species to species.
From 1 1- 12 internode sulcus, there is a dorsal hole on the dorsal line, which can discharge body cavity fluid and moisten the body surface, which is beneficial to earthworm's breathing and walking in the soil.
Body wall and secondary body cavity
The earthworm body wall consists of cuticle, epithelium, annular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer and body cavity epithelium. The outermost layer is a single columnar epithelial cell, and the secretions of these cells form the stratum corneum. This film is extremely thin and consists of collagen fibers and non-fiber layers, and there are holes in the film. The columnar epithelial cells are mixed with glandular cells, which are divided into mucinous cells and protein cells. They can secrete mucus and make the body surface moist. Earthworms encounter severe stimulation, a large number of mucus cells secrete, wrapping the body into a mucus membrane, which plays a protective role. There are short basal cells at the base of epithelial cells, which some people think can develop and survive. Sensory cells gather to form sensory organs, which are scattered among epithelial cells, and the base is connected with nerve fibers of a thin layer of nerve tissue under the epidermis. In addition, there are photoreceptor cells, that is, the basement of epithelium, which are also connected with nerve fibers below it.
The inner side of the subepithelial nerve tissue is narrow annular muscle layer and developed longitudinal muscle layer. The annular muscularis consists of muscle cells arranged around the body, which are buried in connective tissue and arranged irregularly. The longitudinal muscle layer is thick and arranged in bundles, and the bundles are separated by connective tissue membranes containing microvessels. One end of muscle cells is attached to the connective tissue membrane between muscle bundles, and the other end is free. The longitudinal muscularis is a coelom epithelium composed of a single flat cell.
The muscle of earthworm belongs to twill muscle, which generally accounts for about 40% of the whole body volume. It is muscular and flexible. When the longitudinal muscle layer of some segments of earthworm contracts and the annular muscle layer relaxes, the segments of earthworm become thicker and shorter, and the oblique bristles on the body wall protrude outward and are inserted into the surrounding soil. At this time, the annular muscle layer of the former section contracts, the longitudinal muscle layer relaxes, this section becomes thinner and longer, and the bristles retract, getting rid of contact with the surrounding soil, thus being supported by the bristles of the latter section to push the body forward. In this way, the muscle contraction wave is gradually transmitted from front to back along the longitudinal axis of the body. Causing earthworms to move.
Earthworms are secondary body cavities, which are very wide and in which internal organs are located. The body cavity is filled with body cavity fluid. Including lymphocytes, deformed cells, mucus cells and other body cavity cells. When muscles contract, the body cavity fluid is compressed, which increases the pressure on the earthworm body surface and makes the body full, with sufficient hardness and compression resistance. And the body surface is rich in mucus, moist and smooth, and can move smoothly in the soil.
The body cavity is divided into many body cavity chambers by the diaphragm according to the body segment, and these chambers communicate with each other through small holes. Each body cavity is developed from the left and right body cavities. The outer side of the coelomic sac forms the mural coelomic membrane, the inner side forms the visceral coelomic membrane except the middle part, and the dorsal and ventral sides form the dorsal mesentery and abdominal mesentery. The abdominal mesentery of earthworm degenerates, only the part between intestine and abdominal blood vessels exists; The dorsal mesentery disappeared. The part between the anterior body cavity and the posterior body cavity is close together to form a diaphragm. Some kinds of esophagus have no diaphragm.
The peritoneum on the body wall is obvious. However, the visceral peritoneum of the intestinal wall degenerates. The visceral tunica of midgut specialized into chlorine-promoting cells. It may have a excretory effect.
digestive system
The digestive tube runs longitudinally in the center of the body cavity, passing through the diaphragm, and the muscular layer of the tube wall is developed, which can improve the peristalsis and digestive function. The digestive tract is divided into mouth, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, stomach, intestine, anus and other parts. The mouth can be turned out from the mouth to take food. The muscular pharynx, muscle contraction and pharyngeal cavity expansion can help eating. There is a single cell pharyngeal gland outside the pharynx, which can secrete mucus and protease, moisten food and digest it initially. The pharynx is connected with a short and thin esophagus, and there are esophageal glands on its wall, which can secrete calcium and neutralize acidic substances. Behind the esophagus is a muscular sandbag lined with a thick horny membrane, which can grind food. From the mouth to the gizzard, the ectoderm forms and belongs to the foregut. The digestive tract behind the gizzard is rich in microvessels and glands, which is called stomach. There is a circle of gastric glands in front of the stomach, which functions like pharyngeal glands. Starting from the 15 body segment behind the stomach, the digestive tube expands to form the intestine, and a blind road is recessed in the center of its back, which increases the digestive absorption area. Digestion and absorption functions are mainly carried out in the intestine. The visceral lumen of the outermost layer of intestinal wall is specialized into chlorine-producing cells. Starting from the 26th body segment, a pair of cecum, which can secrete a variety of enzymes, is an important digestive gland. Stomach and intestine are derived from endoderm and belong to midgut. The hindgut is short, accounting for about 20 segments of the back end of digestive tube, with no blind road and digestive function. Open the anus to the outside.
circulatory system
It is composed of longitudinal blood vessels, circumferential blood vessels and microvessels, belonging to closed tube circulation. The lumen of the blood vessel is the continuous expansion of the primary body cavity and is squeezed out by the secondary body cavity, forming a residual gap.
The longitudinal blood vessels include dorsal blood vessels located in the center of the back of the digestive tract and ventral blood vessels located in the center of the abdomen. The blood vessels in the back of the hand are thick and pulsating, and the blood in the blood vessels flows from back to front; The blood vessels in the abdomen are thinner, and the blood flows from front to back. Immediately below the ventral nerve cord is a thin nerve vessel. There is a short lateral esophageal vessel on each side of the esophagus. Esophageal blood vessels). There are 4 ~ 5 pairs of circulating blood vessels in the heart (4 pairs of begonia hupehensis and 5 pairs of begonia curvata), and the position in front of the body varies with species. The heart connects the blood vessels in the back and abdomen. Pulsating, with valves inside, blood flows from the back to the abdomen. The parietal blood vessels are connected with the dorsal blood vessels and the inferior nerve blood vessels, and there are usually a pair of parietal blood vessels in every part except the front of the body. Blood is on the wall of the collector, the blood vessels in the back of the person.
Earthworms' blood vessels have not yet differentiated into arteries and veins. Blood contains blood cells and plasma contains hemoglobin, so it is red.
The main way of blood circulation is that dorsal blood vessels collect nutrient-containing blood from a pair of dorsal intestinal vessels in 14 segment, and oxygen-containing blood from a pair of parietal vessels, which flows from back to front. Most of the blood enters the abdominal blood vessels through the heart, and some of it reaches the pharynx through the dorsal blood vessels at the front end of the body. Branches in the esophagus enter the esophageal side vessels. The blood of abdominal blood vessels flows from front to back, and each segment has branches to the body wall, intestine, renal duct and so on. Gas exchange takes place on the body wall. Oxygen-enriched blood flows back to the esophageal vessels at the front end of the body (before 14 segment), while most of the blood flows back to the inferior nerve vessels (after 14 segment), and then forms dorsal vessels through the wall vessels of each segment. After 14 body segment, the abdominal blood vessels branch into the intestine at each body segment, and then enter the dorsal intestinal blood vessels through the dorsal intestinal blood vessels above the intestine.
Breathing and excretion
Earthworms exchange gas on the body surface. Oxygen dissolves in the wet membrane on the body surface, then permeates into the horny membrane and epithelium, reaches the microvascular plexus, and is combined with oxygen by hemoglobin in plasma and transported to the body. Earthworm's epithelium secretes mucus, and its back hole discharges body cavity fluid, which often keeps its body surface moist and is beneficial to breathing. Some people think that earthworms can also breathe in water or do aerobic breathing.
The excretory organ of earthworm is the posterior renal duct. Generally, earthworms have a pair of typical posterior renal ducts in each segment, which are called great renal ducts. Earthworms of Cyclobalanopsis don't have large renal tubules, but there are three types of small renal tubules: the parietal renal tubules are located on the inner surface of the body wall, which are extremely small, with 200-250 pieces in each body, and there are no renal pores at the inner end, and the renal pores open on the body surface. Septal tubules are located in the front and back of the diaphragm behind the 14 segment, and there are generally 40-50 on each side. There is a ciliated funnel-shaped renal tubule at the mouth of the kidney, which is connected with the ciliated dirty tubule and enters the intestine through the opening of the discharge tube without cilia in the lumen. The pharyngeal canaliculus is located in the pharynx, on both sides of the esophagus, without renal foramen, and opens in the pharynx. The latter two types of renal ducts are also called digestive renal ducts. There are abundant microvessels in various small renal tubules, and some renal hilus open into body cavities, so metabolites in blood and body cavities can be excluded. Chlorine-producing cells outside the intestine can absorb metabolites, then fall off from body fluids, re-enter the renal orifice and be discharged from the renal tubules.
nervous system
Earthworms are typical funicular nerves. The central nervous system has a pair of suprapharyngeal nerve books (brains) located on the dorsal side of the third body segment and hypopharyngeal ganglia located on the ventral side of the third and fourth body segments, which are connected by peripheral pharyngeal nerves. Abdominal nerve cord extending from the hypopharyngeal ganglion to the back of the body, each segment has one ganglion) There are 8- 10 pairs of nerves in the peripheral nervous system, which are distributed in the anterior lobe of the mouth and the oral cavity. The hypopharyngeal ganglion branches nerves to the body wall of several body segments at the front end of the body. Each ganglion of the abdominal nerve cord sends out three pairs of nerves distributed in the body wall and various organs, and the nerves extending from the suprapharyngeal ganglion to the digestive tract are called sympathetic nervous system.
Every nerve in the peripheral nervous system contains sensory fibers and motor fibers, which have conduction and reaction functions. Sensory nerve cells can transmit the stimulation received by epithelium to the regulation or neurons of ventral neurons, and then transmit the impulse to motor nerve cells, which are connected with reactors such as muscles through nerve fibers, causing reactions. This is a simple reflex arc. Three giant fibers in the ventral nerve cord run through the whole cord, and the speed of transmitting impulses is very fast, so earthworms respond quickly when stimulated.
The sensory organs are underdeveloped, and the small protrusions on the wall are the sensory nipples on the body surface, which have tactile functions; Oral sensory organs are distributed in the oral cavity and have the functions of taste and smell; Photoreceptors are widely distributed on the body surface, and there are many in the anterior lobe of the mouth and the anterior segment of the body, but not on the ventral surface. They can distinguish the intensity of light and have light reactions that avoid strong light and weak light.
genital system
Androgyny, the reproductive organs are limited to the front of the body, and the structure is complex.
Female reproductive organs: There are 1 pairs of ovaries, which are very small and consist of many extremely thin ovarian tubes, located behind the diaphragm in front of 13, and a pair of oviduct funnels, located in front of the diaphragm behind 13, followed by a short oviduct. The two fallopian tubes meet under the ventral cord of 14 body segment and open on this ventral line, which is called female genital foramen. In addition, there are 3 pairs of seminal vesicles and 3 pairs of wings (4 pairs of different P. differingens, 2 pairs of Aspergillus and California P. californica), which are located in the 7th, 8th and 9th somites. The seminal vesicle consists of an altar, an altar tube and a blind tube. A place to store sperm. On both sides of the ventral surface between the 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9 segments of the seminal vesicle opening.
Male reproductive organs: There are two pairs of testis, which are very small, located in the seminal vesicles in body segments 10 and 1 1, and two pairs of spermatic funnels, which are near the bottom of the testis, with enlarged front ends and ciliated mouths, followed by fine vas deferens. The two tubes are combined at the 13 segment, extend backward, and open at both sides of the 18 segment, which is a male reproductive pore. The prostate (prostate) is located on one side of the male genital foramen, and the prostate tube opens at the end of the vas deferens. The secretion of mucus wave is related to the activity and nutrition of sperm. The seminal vesicle communicates with the symbol sac in the following 1 1 and 12 segments, and the symbol sac is filled with nutrient solution. After the testis produces sperm cells, it first enters the seminal vesicle for development, and then returns to the seminal vesicle after sperm formation, and is output from the vas deferens through the seminal vesicle funnel.
Earthworms' sperm and eggs don't mature at the same time, so they cross-fertilize and mate during reproduction. During mating, the ventral faces of two individuals are opposite, the heads are facing in opposite directions, and the mucus secreted by the genital belt is close together. Each male genital hole is close to the other's seminal vesicle hole, and semen is sent to the other's seminal vesicle through the protrusion of the reproductive hole. After exchanging semen, the two earthworms were separated. After the egg matures, the reproductive area secretes viscous substances, forming a mucus tube outside the reproductive area, in which the ovulator is located. When the earthworm moves backward and the seminal vesicle hole moves to the mucus tube, the sperm is discharged into the tube. Sperm eggs are fertilized in the mucus tube, and finally the earthworm exits the mucus tube, leaving the tube in the soil, and the two ends are closed to form an egg cocoon, in which the eggs develop. Cocoon is as small as mung bean, light brown and contains 1 ~ 3 fertilized eggs.
Earthworms develop directly and have no larval stage. The fertilized egg develops into a blastula after completely unequal cleavage, and the gastrula invaginates. After 2-3 weeks, small earthworms hatch from cocoons.
It is reported that earthworms have parthenogenesis.
Influence of temperature on its life activities
Earthworms are temperature-changing animals, and their body temperature changes with the change of external environment temperature. Therefore, earthworms are generally more dependent on the environment than warm-blooded animals. Environmental temperature not only affects the body temperature and activity of earthworms, but also affects their metabolism, growth, development and reproduction. Temperature also has a great influence on other living conditions, thus indirectly affecting earthworms. Therefore, temperature is one of the most important living conditions for earthworms.
Generally speaking, the active temperature of earthworm is between 5-30℃, and it goes into dormancy at 0-5℃ and dies below 0℃. The optimum temperature is about 20-27℃, when it can grow, develop and reproduce well. At 28-30℃, it can maintain a certain growth; The growth stopped above 32℃; The activity below 10℃ is slow; When the temperature is higher than 40℃, the earthworm cocoon dies, and the optimum incubation temperature is 18-27℃. It can be seen that the highest lethal temperature of earthworm is lower than that of other invertebrates. The farm had better be indoors. In the southern region, it is ventilated and moisturized in summer, and it can be produced normally all year round as long as the windows are closed to keep warm in winter (the temperature here refers to the temperature of the substrate, because the temperature is different from that of the substrate, for example, when the temperature is 0℃, the temperature of the substrate is about12℃; When the temperature is 38℃, the base material temperature is only about 28℃, which is because manure contains extremely high moisture.
How to breed offspring
Earthworms are hermaphroditic, and the male reproductive organs have two pairs of testis sacs behind the sections 10 and 1 1. Each capsule has a testis and a testis funnel, which are connected with the latter pair of seminal vesicles through a small hole in the diaphragm. Two pairs of seminal vesicles are located in 1 1 and 12. Sperm cells first enter the seminal vesicle for development after they are produced in the testis, and then return to the seminal vesicle after they mature, and are discharged from the seminal vesicle through the vas deferens. After 13, the two vas deferens are parallel to each other. When they reach 18, they meet with the branch and main tube of the prostate and are discharged from the male genital foramen, which are located on both sides of the ventral surface of 18. Female reproductive organs have a pair of grape-shaped ovaries attached to the back of 12 and 13 septa. Mature eggs fall into the body cavity, pass through a pair of egg funnels in section 13, pass through the short fallopian tube, and meet at section 14, but are discharged from the female reproductive orifice, with only one female reproductive orifice. In addition, in sections 6 to 9, there are 2 or 3 pairs of seminal vesicles, which are places to receive and store allogeneic sperm, and are opened on both sides of the abdominal intersegmental groove between sections 6 and 9.
Although earthworm is hermaphrodite, it still needs allogeneic fertilization because of the different mature stages of sex cells. The male germ cells of earthworms mature first. When mature, the two earthworms must mate. During mating, the accessory gonads secrete mucus, so that the two ventral surfaces are attached to each other and the head is divided into two sides. The male reproductive foramen is opposite to the reproductive foramen of the allogenic seminal vesicle, and the semen is discharged from each male reproductive foramen and enters the seminal vesicle through the other seminal vesicle orifice. After exchanging semen, the two earthworms separated. When the egg matures, the ring secretes viscous substances and solidifies outside the ring to form a round mucus tube (earthworm cocoon), and the mature egg is discharged into the earthworm cocoon from the female reproductive hole. When the earthworm waves backward, the earthworm cocoon gradually moves forward to the hole of the seminal vesicle, and the sperm escapes and is fertilized in the cocoon. Earthworms keep retreating, and finally the cocoon leaves the body, with both ends closed and left in the soil. Each earthworm cocoon has 1 ~ 3 embryos, which hatch in 2 ~ 3 weeks. If the environment is not suitable, it can be postponed until next spring.
Earthworms and flower cultivation
Earthworms in flowerpots must also be killed. The flowerpot is placed outdoors and underground, and earthworms can easily enter the pot from the bottom hole. Earthworms are beneficial in the ground, but harmful in flowerpots. If there is less soil in the flowerpot, it will cause earthworms to gnaw at the roots of flowers and make holes. Once watered, the water will flow away along the hole, and the flowers will not be able to drink water. If there are earthworms in the flowerpot, you can buy some trichlorfon (pesticide) powder from the flower shop, sprinkle it on the surface of the pot soil, mix it with the soil and water it. Trichlorfon can completely eliminate earthworms. Use according to the packaging instructions. Others think that earthworm dung is a kind of fertilizer for flowers, which is good for flowers.
Earthworm regeneration
Earthworms are lower annelids, although they also have a head, a tail, a mouth, a stomach and an anus. But its whole body is like two sharp "tubes" nested together. The outer layer is the annular body wall, and there is a muscle system composed of mesodermal cells. The body is the digestive tract, which runs through layers of membranes from beginning to end. Between the two "tubes" inside and outside, it is filled with body cavity fluid.
When the earthworm is cut into two sections, under the conditions of temperature, pH and sterilization, the muscle tissue on the section immediately contracts, and some muscles quickly dissolve themselves to form new cell clusters. At the same time, white blood cells gather on the section to form embolism, which makes the wound close quickly. The primary cells located in the septum of body cavity quickly migrate to the slice and form nodular regeneration buds on the slice together with their dissolved muscle cells. At the same time, the cells of digestive tract, nervous system, blood vessels and other tissues in the body quickly grow into regenerated buds through a large number of mitosis. In this way, with the continuous proliferation of cells, a new head will grow on the section lacking the head; The tail will grow on the part where the tail is missing. So one earthworm becomes two complete earthworms.
Earthworms' food
Earthworms are omnivores. They don't eat glass, plastic, metal and rubber, and the rest are humus, animal manure, soil bacteria and their decomposition products. Earthworms have a keen taste and like sweets and sour taste. Hate bitterness. I like hot and soft feed, and I am especially greedy for animal food. I eat as much as my weight every month.
How to collect
Earthworms live in moist, loose and organic-rich soil. Feed on organic matter in the soil during the day and climb out of the ground at night to feed on fallen leaves on the ground. Late spring and early summer are the best time to collect earthworms, when there are many earthworms and their activities are vigorous. In a day, the morning is the best, when the temperature is moderate, the light is weak, the temperature near the ground is high, and earthworms are mostly concentrated in the upper soil.
There are many ways to collect earthworms, and the following are commonly used.
In the excavation method, a place rich in humus, fertile soil, moist and loose, such as a vegetable garden, is selected and collected with a shovel.
Irrigation methods Earthworms have the habit of being afraid of water. When a field with a large number of earthworms is irrigated, earthworms will quickly get out of the soil.
Earthworms like to live in the dark. In late spring, as long as it rains at night, they can pick it up by the field with a flashlight at 3-4 am.
Earthworms like to eat fresh feed by trapping. We pile the fermented feed on the edge of the field with many earthworms, and after 3-5 days, we can open it with a shovel and collect it.
How to feed
Take a big container, put it in 3/4 of the rich soil, sprinkle water to wet the soil, put some vegetable leaves, put some earthworms in it, cover it with a wet cloth to keep the soil moist. So you can raise earthworms.
If you want to raise earthworms on a large scale, it is best to raise them outdoors, with simple equipment, convenient management and low cost. Earthworms are omnivorous animals, and all kinds of poultry manure, livestock manure, melon and fruit skins, vegetable leaves, leaves and non-toxic domestic garbage can be used as earthworm feed. It is best to ferment these feeds in advance, so that they have no peculiar smell, no sour taste, complete decomposition and brown appearance. The specific method of outdoor culture: choose a place with good drainage, warm ventilation, no pollution and no interference in Gao Shuang, and dig a shallow pit with a shovel, with a width of about 1 m and a depth of about 25 cm, with a suitable length and a flat bottom. After digging, build bricks at the bottom and wall of the pit to prevent earthworms from escaping. Then spread the feed about 5 cm, and then put the earthworm in it. Earthworms are not resistant to high temperature (above 35℃) or low temperature (below 0℃), so in summer, they should put up a shed above the breeding pit to shade themselves. In winter, a simple plastic shed should be built above the breeding pit to increase the pit temperature and protect earthworms from overwintering safely. In addition, we must do a good job of protection to prevent rats, frogs, snakes and so on.
observe carefully
Open the wet cloth on the indoor feeding container, and you will find that earthworms are drilling into the soil. Earthworms like to live in fertile soil. They can't eat any grain. After absorbing nutrients, they discharge the remaining soil particles from the anus at the tail end. This kind of soil particle is called earthworm dung.
Put the earthworm in the palm of your hand, and you will feel slippery mucus on its body surface.
In a big plate, put dry soil, dry sand, wet soil and wet sand in different areas, and then put a few earthworms. You will soon see that all the earthworms have climbed into the wet soil area and got into the wet soil.
Take a large glass tube, put black soil at the bottom of the tube, put sand on the second floor, and put black soil on it. Then, put a few earthworms, put a few vegetable leaves as earthworm feed, and sprinkle water to keep the soil moist. After 5-6 days, the soil was disturbed, the three-layer boundary gradually disappeared, and the soil was much looser than before. This shows that earthworms turn up and down in the soil, loosening the soil. No wonder farmers call earthworms "living plows".
Small experiment
Make a 45 slope with a cushion, and put an earthworm in the middle of the slope to see which direction it will climb. The front end of the earthworm in the picture is upward, so it will climb up. Under normal circumstances, earthworms always rely on the contraction of body muscles and the cooperation of body surface bristles to advance.
Drop five different liquids (alcohol, vinegar, soapy water, salt water and sugar water) on the earthworm respectively. Because the first four solutions are very irritating to earthworms, they will jump around in pain, and only earthworms dripping with sugar water will not respond. However, it is not that earthworms like sugar water like children, but that sugar water is less irritating.
Earthworms are called annelids because their bodies are composed of many ring-shaped joints. The sharp end is the front end and the thick end is the back end. Cut off the last five links of the earthworm with a knife, and the cut-off part shall not exceed110 of the total length. Then put it on 2-3 sheets of wet toilet paper, buckle the glass, sprinkle water every few days and throw it into the leaves. A month later, the earthworm grew back to the lost back end, indicating that the earthworm has strong regeneration ability.
Indications: salty taste and cold nature. It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving spasm, relieving asthma and diuresis. Indications: high fever, mania, convulsion, headache, red eyes, wheezing and phlegm-heat, stroke, hemiplegia, etc. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a common Chinese medicine for treating urinary tract infection caused by downward flow of damp-heat in prostate, which is an ancient prescription of Fang Shimin.