1) comparison between Kong and Lao. Confucius and Mencius are masters and representatives of Confucianism, while Laozi and Zhuangzi are masters and representatives of Taoism. As a sage of Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius set up an image of a moral (ethical) master for later generations, with perfect moral personality, taking saving the world and comforting the people as his own responsibility, full of ideals, and inculcating others until his death. Lao Zi and Zhuangzi, as the supreme figures of Taoism, set up the images of the master of wisdom (the old son) and the master of art (Zhuangzi) for later generations. They have a high degree of understanding and thinking ability, take tranquility and indifference as their ethics, are indifferent to the world and yearn for self-satisfaction. They are external and conform to nature. Confucius said: "The knower is happy with water, and the benevolent is happy with mountains;" Those who know move, and those who are benevolent are quiet "("Yong Ye Lun "), Lao Tzu said that" the benevolent suffers from water "(Chapter 8), Confucius compared himself to a mountain, and Lao Tzu compared himself to water, vividly showing the difference between the benevolent and the wise. The image of the mountain is magnificent. There are plants, animals and insects living on it. There are clouds, rain, wind and thunder. It is kind and great. The image of water is soft and tender. Be good for all things without dispute, continuous and strong, humble and deep. The mountains nourish health, moisten things quietly, and there is movement, and the water potential lets itself flow. There is silence in the movement. Confucius Leshan. I like water. Confucius is static (turning people into virtues without demanding) and dynamic (leading the situation without delaying). (2) Comparison of human nature theory. Confucian theory of human nature includes Mencius' theory of good nature, Gou Zi's theory of evil nature, Dong Zhongshu's theory of three principles of human nature, Yang's theory of mixed good and evil, his theory of spiritual nature, and his theory of good knowledge and good ability. Their similarity lies in that they both emphasize acquired moral education and think that human nature cannot be perfect without the modification of rites and music. As Gou Zi said, human nature "will be imitated and then corrected, and then treated with courtesy." Taoism's theory of human nature includes Laozi and Zhuangzi's theory of talking about simplicity, Kang's theory of high-quality human nature, Guo Xiang's theory of self-sufficiency and peace, Liezi's theory of human nature and so on. Their similarity lies in emphasizing the innocence of nature, excluding the compulsory constraints of artificial carving and etiquette. The more spontaneous they are, the more pure and perfect they are, as Zhuangzi said. "The most upright man never loses his life" (Thumb). The Confucian theory of human nature sees the social attribute of human beings and the importance of spiritual civilization education, while the Taoist theory of human nature sees the physiological and psychological attribute of human beings, and perceives that the hypocritical and complicated patriarchal ethics destroys the relative personality of human nature, which is both rewarding and biased. (3) Comparison of life theories. The Confucian outlook on life takes the achievement of moral personality and the cause of salvation as its value orientation, and takes self-cultivation, enriching benevolence, helping the people and governing the country as its outside, which is the way to be sage inside and king outside. He has a positive attitude towards life. He has a strong concern for social reality and a sense of historical mission. He takes the world as his responsibility and is sympathetic to his peers and others. He wants to stand up for others because he doesn't want to. He wants to stand up for others. If he is good at it, he will be good at it. If you are poor, you are immune to it and don't go along with the customs. When there is a contradiction between life and ideal, he would rather die than seek justice and uphold justice. Taoist outlook on life takes transcending secular interpersonal networks and gaining personal inner peace and freedom as its value orientation. It not only opposes that the mind is a formal service, but also does not care about the success of social undertakings. As long as everyone follows the nature of nature and does not interfere with each other, there will inevitably be a harmonious and peaceful society. It is better to forget the Jianghu than to be a child. His attitude towards life is negative and self-protective, with avoiding the whole life as the lowest goal and taking care of his own life as the highest goal. Or in the mountains, or in Shi Lang, there is an obvious tendency to be born. The outstanding figure of Confucianism is a man with lofty ideals, and the typical figure of Taoism is a hermit. (4) Comparison of thinking methods. Jin Dao is not as good as dialectical thinking, seeing the opposite movement and transformation of contradictions. However, the dialectical method of Confucianism has just started, paying attention to the trajectory of life, while people serve self-improvement and easily grasp the dominant aspect of contradictions; Taoism is soft in treating waterlogging, good at perceiving twists and turns, repetitions and negative factors in the development of things, paying attention to the accumulation and cultivation of internal details in life, and having a profound grasp of negative effects, intangible importance and softness and naturalness. The short history of Confucianism is the strength of Taoism. Confucianism is close to real life, and philosophy is inseparable from human relations and daily use; Taoist thinking is broad-minded, focusing on the world and Liuhe, discussing life and death and right and wrong, and it is very speculative. Therefore, the social morality of Confucianism is developed, and the natural world view of Taoism is developed. In other words, Confucianism is better at practical learning, and parents are better at virtual learning. (5) comparison of governing the country. Confucianism emphasizes doing something, while Taoism advocates doing nothing. The promising governance of Confucianism is: guide it with respect, make it with courtesy, make it with joy, make it up with law, and let it benefit from virtue, just as Han Yu said in "The Original Road II": "Its text; Poetry, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals are based on rites, music, punishment and politics. Their people are scholars, peasants, workers and Jia, and their positions are monarch, minister, father and son, teacher and friend, guest and host, brother Kun and couple. This is to govern the country by patriarchal clan system. Courtesy is bound to be complicated and important to teaching. Otherwise, the basic guiding ideology of Taoism governing the country is to govern by doing nothing * Doing nothing is not doing nothing, "doing nothing without doing anything", and doing nothing eventually achieves the goal of doing nothing without doing anything, and the requirement of doing nothing is only; First, don't do things that go against the natural nature of things. Second, don't go against the wishes and interests of the public to inflate selfish desires. Third, don't violate the harmonious and quiet life, and advocate etiquette. What the ruler should do is to "grasp the nature of all things" and let everyone get his place and become an albino official. Therefore, Taoism governs the country, the government is simple, the monarch is frugal, and the official position is less disturbed, so that the people can recuperate and the society can be peaceful. According to Confucianism, it is necessary to show the monarch's virtue, be loyal to the minister and filial son, and think that the world is the way. According to Taoism, we just need to wait, because we go with nature and let nature take its course. Yu Zi put forward the proposition that "the benevolent is invincible" and 4B Yin put forward the proposition that "the cause is invincible", which can brilliantly summarize the differences between Confucianism and Taoism in governing the country. (6) Comparison of theoretical tendencies. The focus of Confucianism is social life. This paper expounds how to be a man and how to deal with interpersonal relationships, which is also the proper meaning of being a man. Therefore, philosophy of life and ethical thoughts are developed, philosophy, ethics and politics are in a trinity state, and the theory determines the characteristics of Confucianism, so Confucian philosophy can be called ethical philosophy. Confucius and Mencius' theory of benevolence, Gou Zi's theory of propriety, Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, Lu Wang's theory of mind, and practical learning that appeared after the middle of Ming Dynasty all formed and evolved around the two basic contradictions, namely, internal sage and external king, temperament and ethics. The so-called "sage inside and king outside" is to solve the problem of how individual cultivation is related to the social cause of the group; The contradiction between temperament and ethics is to solve the problem of how to coordinate the human nature of the subject and the moral norms of the object. Different schools of Confucianism have different ways and emphases to deal with these two pairs of contradictions, but they all regard the moral cultivation of the subject as the starting point and key to deal with all other problems. Taoism also pays attention to social life, but its vision has already greatly broken through the scope of social life, facing nature and the whole universe. Cosmology and epistemology are relatively developed, paying attention to heaven, loving nature and respecting physics, and containing more natural science knowledge. Even the exploration of people can focus on people's physiological structure and characteristics, and put forward valuable ways to keep fit. Confucianism emphasizes cultivation, while Taoism emphasizes health preservation. Taoism has made a unique contribution to the development of ancient physiology. The basic contradiction that Taoism has to deal with is the contradiction between man and nature. People here refer to society and individuals, and the sky here refers to people's living environment and natural state. Taoism tends to learn from heaven and opposes using cleverness to violate heaven. Its starting point is natural heaven, so Taoist philosophy can be called natural philosophy. Both Confucianism and Taoism regard the harmony between man and nature as the highest spiritual realm, but Confucianism infers the harmony between man and nature, while Taoism infers the harmony between man and nature. They are similar in appearance, but they are different in fact. (7) Comparison of temperament and demeanor. The difference between Confucianism and Taoism is helpful to synthesize the difference of intangible mental outlook as a whole. It seems that the climate of great Confucianism can be expressed in four words: "integrity", more specifically, it is noble moral character, kindness and friendliness, courtesy, unyielding loyalty, awe of reason, moderation and calmness, harmony without difference, and power for a while. As Mr. He Lin said, "Everything can be studied in depth. Only in this way can it be reasonable, timely and reasonable, which can be described as' Qu Jian is close to benevolence' and' benevolence'. (Culture and Life 13) The names of the ancients include Confucian style, Confucian scholars, grasping elegance, Confucian officials, Confucian ministers, Confucian generals, Confucian doctors, etc., all of which imply the roots and elegance of moral knowledge. It seems that the weather of Taoist nobles can be expressed in four words: "hidden but refined." To be more specific, they are introverted, not so selfish, quiet and self-sustaining, unpretentious, empty cups, detached and complacent, calm and deep, holding high the curtain in the distance and nostalgic for mountains and rivers. As Mr. How to Care said, "We found that Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts are full of poetry, full of seclusion and chic detachment in the mountains, and we also found that we attach importance to them. There are not many words, and the characters who debuted are very vivid. In ancient times, the people who had the Tao, the principle of the Tao, the eye of the Tao, the appearance of the Tao, the study of the Tao and the wind of the Tao all meant that they were different from the secular, understood the supreme Tao and had a superior demeanor. Confucianism is the temperament and demeanor of loyalty, while Taoism is the temperament and demeanor of Hanlin.