Apes are different from each other.

Only a few stones have been polished,

Childhood season.

Turn the flame in the copper-iron furnace,

When did you guess?

It's cold and hot.

It's hard to smile in this world,

On the battlefield, we do our best to each other.

It was all over,

Suburban descent.

After reading an article,

But remember, Spotti,

A few lines of history.

The sacred objects of the Five Emperors Huang San,

Cheated the infinite traveler.

How many romantic figures are there?

After the thief became famous,

More Wang Chen stood up and waved Huang Yue.

This song is not finished yet,

Oriental white.

To annotate ...

It's hard to laugh in the world: "It's hard to laugh in the world, and chrysanthemums must be put on their heads." In "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days" by Tang Dumu, "Zhuangzi steals feet" says, "People live to be one hundred years old, eighty years old and sixty years old, except for illness, thinness and death. Among them, if you open your mouth, you will laugh for four or five days in January. "

Zhizhuang Jue2: The foot thief was a big thief in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period; Zhuang Biao was a Chu man in the Warring States period, and Xun Zi was a soldier. "Zhuang Biao rose, and Chu was divided into three or four."

Wang Chen: Chen Sheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty.

April 4: Golden axe symbolizing imperial power. "Book Pastoral Oath", "Wang left to remonstrate, right to grasp the white side to persuade the people."

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Say goodbye to the evolution of apes to primitive society, and then human beings entered childhood through the Stone Age with millstones as tools. The flames rolled in the furnace. It was the bronze age, and it also experienced thousands of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Throughout history, like a person, most of his life is sad and unhappy. It's all against bows and arrows. There is no war and no bloodshed in this great river and mountain.

After reading a history, my hair turned white and my life reached old age. In retrospect, it's just that the same thing happens again and again. What prince will be rich and famous, and how many people are obsessed with their white heads. Are those so-called heroes really romantic? I don't think so. Those who dare to challenge the authority of the rulers, such as those who steal their feet, Miao Zhuang, Chen Sheng and Guangwu, are the real heroes.

Appreciation 1 According to the staff around Mao Zedong, when Mao Zedong wrote this poem, he was reading Sima Qian's Historical Records and Fan Wenlan's A Brief History of China. Mao Zedong put history into poetry and discussed history with poetry. The whole article embodies historical materialism and vividly shows the process of human beings entering civilized society from primitive society. On how to treat China's pre-Qin history, Mao Zedong gave a poetic answer.

"Apes are different from each other", and poetry began with labor to create people, and then extended to the Stone Age. Its productivity is considered as "childhood season". Although it has gone through two or three million years, in the long river of history, "it is only (is) thousands of years of cold and hot." After mankind entered the class society, class contradictions rose, and it was impossible for people to greet each other with smiles. Have a plenty of swords and swords, "blood is full of countryside"! The first part of Ci takes the historical development as the main line, and discusses it while narrating. "After reading an article, snow is flying on my head", the next sentence is extraordinary, with both meaning and momentum, which naturally connects the preceding with the following. In the following films, the author wrote down a series of ancient characters such as "Five Emperors and Three Kings", "Stealing Foot", "Zhuang Yong" and "Wang Chen" and commented on them one by one. The author's intention is to publicize the viewpoint that working people create history. "Unfinished Song, White of the East", like a towering peak, is the crowning touch of the whole poem: at dawn, history turns a new page.

Reading history, discussing history and other poems is easy to be dry or inscrutable. However, Mao Zedong wrote them in simple terms. The author chooses historical events and figures that people are familiar with, which narrows the distance between readers and history. The author also pays attention to the integration of narrating history, discussing history and expressing emotions. Or in other words, it is to write history with deep affection. "Poetry expresses ambition", the essence of poetry is lyric, and poetry is ultimately emotional. This is the secret of success in reading history.

The first sentence, "Apes are different", is a common sentence pattern, which is different from the fixed frame sentence pattern of "[Xu] is mediocre" in "Ci Pu" and "Ci Lv".

According to the word spectrum (up, down, down or up, down and down), "nothing more than a thousand kinds of cold and heat" in the poem should be seven words; You can add "lines" to individual sentences of the word spectrum, but you can't subtract words. On this basis, Mr. Zhao Puchu thinks that the word "shedding" in this sentence should be changed to "but (it) thousands of cold and heat". We don't have to think that this sentence is "innovation", and then we can verify the subtle meaning of this word! This word was published by later generations without Mao Zedong's consent, and the clerical error should be corrected, which is in line with Mao Zedong's original intention of publishing poetry with a serious attitude.

Appreciation of the second word "He Xinlang reads history", such as the title, based on history. Of course, Chairman Mao's reading of history is not for reading history, but for "making the past serve the present" and educating the present. The central idea of this word, its consistent main line is the concept of class struggle. Chairman Mao said: "In class struggle, some classes won and some classes were wiped out. This is history, and this is the history of civilization for thousands of years. What explains history with this view is called historical materialism, and what stands on the opposite side of this view is historical idealism. " This sentence is a vivid portrayal of these words.

Class struggle is complicated, including bloody armed struggle and bloodless ideological struggle. Looking back at the sharp situation of international and domestic struggles during 1964, the writing background of the word reading history is very clear, and it is not idle. Although these struggles have become a thing of the past, in the author's view, the class struggle has not stopped. Reviewing the history of class struggle is the original intention of this word.

One of the most outstanding artistic features of Chairman Mao's poems is its strong generality. This feature is particularly prominent in reading history. The short word 1 15 covers the history of the whole human society with China as the main body and is recited. From the birth of mankind to the end-result, from primitive society to socialist society, it has spanned millions of years. It is really "a huge sum of money" and "a pen can support a tripod".

Say the words first.

"Don't be an ape. Only through a few stones, in childhood. " These three sentences are about the origin of human beings and the earliest primitive society in human history. There was no human in the world, but labor created human hands, and human hands also created human itself, which evolved from apes to apes, apes and primitive people. "Apes are different from people" is a visual statement of apes to people. Farewell means farewell, which means cherishing. Although it may not be true, it is reasonable and just right, and nothing else can replace it. The first five words, floating in the air, are used to write about human beings from scratch, and their styles are particularly commensurate, which should be the poet's proud pen. "Several stones have been ground" refers to the Stone Age. "Stone tool" was originally an archaeological term, but Chairman Mao simplified it as a natural form of "stone", which broke through the limitation of this special term on creation and greatly expanded the capacity of word expression. Because whether it is the Paleolithic Age, the Mesolithic Age or the Neolithic Age, whether it is making stone tools or polishing stone tools, in a word, they are all "stones". In this way, the whole stone age, about two or three million years, is included in six words. "Childhood season" is also a figurative statement, which refers to human childhood.

Chairman Mao said in a letter to Comrade Chen Yi about poetry: "Poetry should be thought vividly, not as straightforward as prose, so comparison and prosperity are indispensable." (To Chen Yi) I think these three sentences are the best examples. They are all figurative "Bi Xing", not straightforward "Fu". So you can take a small picture and lift the weight as easily as possible; Taking vulgarity as elegance is also harmony; If you say it at home, don't be funny, and give readers great beauty enjoyment.

"The flame in the copper-iron furnace is turned over and asked when to guess, but it is thousands of cold and thousands of hot." This is about the beginning of human history from primitive society to class society. This is a more advanced social form, but the cruel class struggle began from now on. The word "copper and iron" marks two different times and societies: copper refers to the slave society in the bronze age and iron refers to the feudal society in the iron age. Smelting is a great invention, and it is this magnificent sight that writes "the flame in the copper-iron furnace", which reminds us of Li Bai's poem "The fire shines on the world and the red star is in chaos". "To ask" is often used in poetry. "Guess" or "guess" is to draw a conclusion. When did slave society and feudal society begin? Historians have not come to a conclusion. Regarding the latter, there are different opinions, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties. So say, "When can I guess?" This is an interesting sentence when friends discuss with each other. It means not easy, but kind. According to 1939, China Revolution and China Producer Party, Chairman Mao was a feudal theorist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. If there are comrades, why do you say "guess"? His old man can answer that I am not a member of this "guessing" team! When did "only a few thousand years of cold and heat" mean? It's not a big problem to draw conclusions at the moment, but it's only thousands of years anyway. According to the law of words, it should be a seven-character poem, so Comrade Zhao Puchu said that there may be a "yes" under the word "ran", which is an "unintentional slip of the pen" (see Poetry JournalNo. 1978+00). I don't think so. First of all, Chairman Mao's original works are all there. This sentence is written clearly, without any sign of change. The word "mouth" is missing in the next sentence, but I will solemnly add it immediately. Maybe I don't know if I missed the last sentence. This is also inconsistent with Chairman Mao's consistent advocacy of Mr. Lu Xun's article "read it at least twice after writing it". Second, He Xinlang changed the original three-body to 1 14, 1 15, 1 16. He Sina, written in 1923, font 1 16. Although this song is missing a word, it is still self-contained, which is allowed in the thesaurus and does not need to be added. Third, from an artistic point of view, "only a few thousand are hot and cold" is healthy and full of gas, so writing "just right" is not so compact. Therefore, I think this is not an "unintentional slip of the pen", but a deliberate simplification.

"It's hard to laugh in the world, but it's hard to bow on the battlefield. It has flowed all over, and the blood of the original suburbs. " History is merciless. With the emergence of class, class struggle is inevitable and cruel. This first sentence comes from Du Mu's poem: "It is difficult for the world to smile at every opening, so it is necessary to put chrysanthemums in its head." (Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days) But changing "earthly" into "mortal" includes the whole society. Du Mu only expressed personal frustration and unhappiness, while Chairman Mao lamented the historical tragedy of the whole human society. Due to the constant class struggle, the struggle between ethnic groups, there are so many records in history, such as "rivers of blood", "mountains of corpses", "killing for profit" and "killing for profit", which is really unbearable, not to mention "laughing". "Bowing to each other on the battlefield" was a typical writing of the war at that time. There are of course other weapons besides bows and arrows. "Bend" means to pull or drag. When the bow is not pulled out, it looks like a string moon or a new moon, and when it is pulled out, it looks like a full moon, so many predecessors wrote the bow and the moon together. Li Bai's poem "The Moon with the Bow Shadow, Shuang Hu Blows the Sword Flower" (the fifth of "Six Blocks"), and Xin Qiji's poem "The Bridge is Crossing, and the Bow at the Beginning of the Moon is Missing" ("Qinyuanchun") is unopened; As for Su Shi's poem "Can wield a carved bow like looking at the moon", it has been clearly stated that it refers to a full bow. "Bend the bow to the moon", that is to say, pull the bow like a full moon, because the arrow shot in this way is more lethal. Rhyme is the primary link in the form of classical poetry. In particular, there are hard and fast rules on rhyme, which can't be tolerated at all, so there has been a saying of "dangerous rhyme" or "play rhyme" since the Tang and Song Dynasties. This dangerous rhyme is often forced out. When you meet a place that must rhyme, you think hard and take risks (which often means innovation). If you gamble well, you can save the day, you can receive the artistic effect of what Han Yu said, and the author himself will have a sense of pleasure (of course, if you gamble unsteadily, it will become what Li Qingzhao called "rhyme"). Chairman Mao's "bending over the moon" here is a dangerous rhyme. You can't and dare not add the word "moon" after the "bow" unless you are a big skill and a big hand. The word "do your best, die before you die" is very tight and shows the theme of class struggle. It is a copy of the following "Flowing through the Country". The words "blood is flowing all over the countryside" are a high summary of the history of class struggle. The word "suburb" is not used casually, because it is fertile ground for producing food to feed mankind. Therefore, Du Fu also wrote the poem "If there is a field, there will be no bloodshed today".

The lower part of the word is followed by the upper part. The author further points out that the method of reading history should treat historical figures and events from the perspective of class struggle, and should not let the ancients lead by the nose. Uptown is basically talking about Chen Qi, noncommittally, Downtown is talking about love and hate; The upper part is basically quiet, while the lower part is emotional and bored loudly? ? The expressions at the top and bottom are very different.

"I read an article that it snowed, but I remember a few dots and lines." This sentence occupies an important position in the structure. There is a so-called "over-film" in the creation of ci. "Article" means "lack", and "national article" is the transition from the first article to the next, and it is the first sentence that begins with lack. Ci theorists believe that this sentence should be written as "a broken line" and "a strange peak protrusion", which makes readers feel refreshed. We seldom write lyrics now, but this kind of speech, this kind of empirical speech, is still helpful for appreciation. Flying Snow after Reading here is a wonderful "movie", which has both. After reading this sentence, we can't help but be surprised: what makes the poet so sad and angry after reading an article? Not only is his head as white as snow, but his white hair like snow seems to fly into the sky? Everyone is familiar with it. Chairman Mao once praised our motherland with such magnificent words as "beautiful mountains and rivers". However, it is in such a beautiful motherland that "it has flowed all over, and the original blood is in the suburbs". For thousands of years, slaves, serfs and peasants have been enslaved and exploited. Imagine a great Marxist, a great poet who loves the motherland, reading such a history of people's blood and tears, can he not be "loyal and angry"? It is not enough to attribute the "snow flying overhead" to the vast historical records of our country. Just reading it once is not enough, and it is not enough to clarify the author's mental outlook implied by the word "fly". "Spotted refutation" refers to individual characters, but it seems to have duality, which is words and blood and tears. After reading these two sentences, we can't help but think of the sentence that Mr. Lu Xun said in the diary of a madman: "I can't sleep anyway." I read it carefully in the middle of the night before I saw the words in the cracks. The book is full of two words, that is,' cannibalism'! "

"Five emperors Huang San sacred things, cheated infinite travelers. How many romantic figures are there? " These words are intended to expose and criticize the deception and harmfulness of the reactionary ruling class's idealistic historical view. History is created by the people, but the emperors of past dynasties attributed all their inventions to the legendary "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" who were still in the Stone Age, and they spoke brilliantly. However, emperors and literati of all ages boasted that those who read history did not understand history and did not know that this was a lie. As a result, they "cheated countless passers-by". Passers-by refers to people. People come to this world, go back to their hometown after a trip, just like a passer-by. The word "boundless" comes from Zhuangzi Health Master: "My life is boundless, and I know (wisdom)." It can refer to both time and space. "Boundless passers-by" means endless passers-by, lamenting the number of people cheated. According to the laws of nature, everyone is a passer-by, but we can't mechanically understand "endless passer-by" as everyone, because there are a few people who are not deceived. For example, the toe-stealing mentioned below once pointed to Confucius' nose. Confucius said that "words must be called Yao and Shun" and asked: "Stealing is greater than stealing. Why don't the world call me a thief's toe instead of a thief's hill? " ("Zhuangzi Stole Feet") Chen Sheng also didn't believe in the emperor's "being ordered by heaven" at all, and openly said: "princes and princes are alike, I would rather have balls!" ("Historical Records of Chen She Family") If you contact countless peasant uprisings and countless uprising heroes in the history after Chen Sheng, the problem will be more clear. What we can be sure is that "infinite traveler" here is a derogatory term, which refers to a wide range, including those so-called "knowledge hands" who think they can read history, but actually don't know history. We won't dwell on the "Five Emperors Huang San" itself, but we want to explain a problem. According to historical legend, Huang San was before the Five Emperors, and Chairman Mao also said in the article "On the Strategies against Japanese Imperialism" that "since Pangu opened the world, three emperors and five emperors have existed to this day". Why do you say "Five Emperors Huang San" upside down here? This is a question mentioned before, that is, "rhyme should be plain." Of these seven words, the first four words must be "Ping", "Five Emperors Huang San" is just right, and "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" is illegal, which is absolutely not allowed. For example, the Seven Laws "Sending Sorrow to the Gods" and "Six Hundred Million Shenzhou Will Be Smooth as Yao" also reverse Yao and Shun to "Shun Yao" to meet the needs of rhyming. This situation can be said to be the privilege enjoyed by regular poetry, which has been recognized by everyone for thousands of years. "How many romantic figures are there?" This question is the turning point of the whole word. From criticism to praise, the poet's mood is also from anger to pleasure. From "flying snow" to "laughing", this sentence usually combines its subordinates with the upper and lower sentences, but I think it is better to belong to the upper level.

"After the thief became famous, Chen Wang stood up and waved to Huang Yue."

These two sentences are a great tribute to the leaders of the slave uprising and the peasant uprising, and readers are not happy about it so far. The planter was from Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period. The article "Zhuangzi Plantation Thief" said that he was a "slave of 9,000 people, who ruled the country and invaded the princes". "Xun Yan Zi Bu" also said that "fame is like the sun and the moon, and it spreads with Shun and Yu". However, these can not be naively regarded as the praise of scholars at that time for stealing feet, and Xunzi regarded stealing feet as the negative testimony of "fame is not expensive" Zhuang Ti was a Chu nationality in the Warring States Period, and Chu Weiwang led the uprising. After the Chu State was divided into four parts, he led his people to Dianchi Lake (in today's Yunnan) and Wang (according to historical records and Southwest Yi Chuan). Later generations linked them together as "extremely vicious" specimens. For example, Jin Gehong's "Bao Pu Zi Sai Nan": "Thieves are fierce and white, and they hate yellow hair." This is a vicious curse. But it also proves from the opposite side that they are popular, so they can "run the world" and "have a reputation like the sun and the moon" and live a good life. "A Fair Life" is still fragrant. Chen Sheng (that is, Chen She) stole his feet and zhuangqi after the uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. It was the first national uprising in Chinese history and overthrew the first feudal empire in Chinese history-the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, Chairman Mao proudly wrote the words "More Wang Chen stood up and waved Huang Yue". Wang Chen and Chen Sheng won the support of heroes after the uprising, saying that he "deserved to be king. Chen She was made king, posthumous title Zhang Chu "(see Historical Records of Chen She Family, Sima Qian). Some comrades say that Bobby Chen is "king on his own", which is incorrect; It is also said that Chairman Mao's use of the name "Wang Chen" is intended to imply why the peasant revolution always fails, which seems inaccurate and too grand. Sima Qian called Chen Sheng "King Chen" in "Home", and there were more than 20 anonymous people 10. Chairman Mao used this ancient title here, and did not imply any irony as some people said. Huang Yue is an axe decorated with gold. As a symbol of feudal power, it was originally used exclusively by emperors, such as Zhou Wuwang's "beheading with Huang Yue" in Historical Records of Zhou Benji. Here, saying "Wang Chen waved Huang Yue" is a conscious statement of "doing the opposite", that is, praise. "Wang Chen" is either him or Chen Sheng, a poor farmer who "abandoned farming and sighed", as well.

"The song is not finished, Oriental White." This is a pun and implicit ending, which is really "the strangest seemingly ordinary". It has the duality of realism and symbolism. From a realistic point of view, it means that I haven't finished reading history, and the East has turned white. Chairman Mao works hard for the country and often stays up all night. This ending inadvertently left us a vivid record. When writing this word, Chairman Mao was an old man in his seventies. From a symbolic point of view, that is to say, I haven't had time to praise many heroes of the same epic uprising since "King Chen", but the China Revolution won. In this way, the peasant uprising more than two thousand years ago and today's China revolution are naturally welded together. It not only ends the dark past in human history, but also leads us to the distant bright future. Some comrades simplified "Oriental White" as an uprising symbolizing "Wang Chen", saying that it was precisely because of this uprising that the dawn of Asia appeared in China in the East, overthrew the Qin Empire, and the splendid feudal culture created by the Han Dynasty appeared. This statement is very debatable. It doesn't look like the end, and I can't bear such an article of "reading history" at all, like hanging warts. Obviously, the "Oriental White" here and the "White" in "Huanxisha" are both symbols of the victory of China's revolution and cannot be understood separately. The only difference is that the latter belongs to the "comparison" of "seeking things and expressing feelings" because it was written under the lamp of Fengze Garden at that time; The former belongs to the "xing" of "touching things with passion", because when writing, the East turns white, which is the so-called "xing and finishing". Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty commented on Li Bai's seven-character quatrain: "It's amazing to see the prospect and spoken language, but there is an implication." This is very enlightening for us to understand the ideological and artistic nature of this suffix.

Appreciation 3 We all know that poets love reading all their lives, especially China's history books, classical literature, philosophy and so on. Twenty-four histories and Zi Tongzhi Jian are works that he never tires of reading. He not only loves reading himself, but also loves to talk with others about books and tell other senior cadres to read more.

Since his youth, he has formed an indissoluble bond with books. He once recalled to Si Nuo: "I made a self-study plan and went to the Hunan Provincial Library to read books every day. I carry it out very seriously and persevere. I spent half a year like this, and I think it is extremely precious to me. As soon as the library opens every morning, I go in. At noon, I just stopped and bought two pieces of rice cakes to eat. This is my daily lunch. I read books in the library before I come out every day.

"During this period of self-study, I read a lot of books and studied world geography and world history. I saw a map of the world for the first time there and studied it with great interest. I read Adam Smith's The Original Rich, Darwin's On the Origin of Species and John Mill's Ethics. I have read Rousseau's works, Spencer's Logic and a book on law written by Montesquieu. While studying the historical geography of Russia, the United States, Britain and France, I also read ancient Greek poems, novels and stories. " (Quoted from edgar snow's Red Star over China, page 120)

There are many stories about Chairman Mao's reading, and what books to read became the top priority for cadres at all levels, especially senior cadres at that time. In the late 1970s, I witnessed such a situation in the home of a senior cadre in Guangzhou. Almost all the books in his study are history books, and all the books he reads are books that Chairman Mao likes. His son, who is also my friend, prefers reading western literature.

At the beginning, it was "Apes Say Goodbye to each other", which was about the thrilling moment when human beings were just born. But on the surface, it is so easy to write, as if people and apes just bowed and parted ways. This "Farewell" is very vivid and humorous, but "Ape" is huge, with a profound and distant sense of history. As soon as the two words are matched, they immediately produce poetry, and the reader's heart is shocked at once.

Then there is the long "ignorance era" of mankind, and millions of years have passed. This is the earliest stage of human development-the Stone Age. In the poet's eyes, this era is just a few grinded stones, as if it were just a child's childhood when a person was growing up. The word "grinding" makes people feel long and distant, while "childhood" makes people feel that the poet's grasp of human beings is so atmospheric and kind. This sentence is condescending and there is a sigh of the past.

In the fourth, fifth and sixth sentences, the poet confessed that mankind had entered the bronze age and the iron age from the Stone Age in just three sentences. The phrase "copper iron furnace turns into flame" is both vivid and concentrated. This sentence only writes the symbolic meaning of the bronze light in the flame, and human beings have entered the slave society and feudal society where copper and iron coexist. But if you want to ask this specific time, it is not easy to guess accurately, but it is only thousands of years in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Time flies. In the poet's eyes, time is just a matter of "snapping your fingers". It's not enough. It seems to have passed in a blink of an eye.

The phrase "The world can't laugh" is translated from Du Mu's poem "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days": "The world can't laugh". However, the poet has developed a new idea here (this sentence means that life is less joyful and more sad, that is, more crying and less laughing, more hate and less love), and this sentence has injected the meaning of revolution and class struggle, just as the poet pointed out in the article "Abandoning fantasy and preparing for struggle": "Class struggle, some classes have won, and some classes have disappeared. This is history, and this is a history of civilization for thousands of years. " In the face of such a fierce struggle, of course, life is hard to laugh. And it's not just "it's hard to laugh"; We must also fight to the death on the battlefield of life. This refers to the specific class struggle between life and death. It means that revolution is a riot, and revolution is "a violent action by one class to overthrow another class." What about the ending? There will naturally be sacrifices and blood. The history of mankind is full of blood and slaughter, and the poet sighs here: "It has flowed all over, and the original blood is in the suburbs." Blood can only arouse the revolutionaries' struggle constantly, and revolutionaries can't laugh in the face of blood.

Xia Gan's first sentence is very poetic, which artistically condenses the poet's reading of history books all his life with the phrase "one after another". The poet has been absorbed in reading history from youth to old age, and before he knew it, his hair turned white. This poem also reveals the poet's feelings about life and history. It is true that life is easy to get old, youth is fleeting, and the next year is the twilight.

So what can people remember about China's 5,000-year history? The poet still looked at the elephant as usual, lifted the heavy object gently and passed by it. The poet said: "I only remember a few scenic spots, which are just a few old things." What is the sacred cause of "Five Emperors Huang San"? It's just some deceptive things, but how many people in the world have been cheated by passers-by. How many real romantic figures are there? Although the poet used a question, it means that all the romantic figures praised in the so-called orthodox history books are pseudo-romantic figures.

In the poet's eyes, the truly romantic figures are those who have been scolded by the so-called history, such as the cheaters, Zhuang Ti and Chen Sheng. The leaders of these peasant uprisings are the real driving force to create history. They rose up against the exploiting classes and were famous rebel heroes.

In the last two sentences, the poet is immersed in the scene of reciting history, and his singing intention is still unfinished. When the poet finally cleared the fog of history, eliminated the false hero and found the true hero, it was already the dawn of the East. The sentence "Oriental White" has two meanings. First, it refers to the poet reciting this poem until dawn, just like a sentence in Li He's "Zhang Chuxiao Lu Mu is a drunken Zhang Dache seeking poetry": "Poetry is a white night in the East". Second, the victory of the China Revolution has written a new chapter in history, just like the rising sun, which is bound to be brilliant.

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