If you want to grow fast, yield high (meat, eggs, milk, wool), and save feed, feed full-price ingredients. Because the meat, eggs, milk and hair of livestock and poultry are all composed of various nutrients, just like bicycles are composed of various parts, you can't lose one part, otherwise it will be wasted, and it will be the same as growing meat, laying eggs, producing milk and producing hair. If you want to produce green food, you don't need to add pharmaceutical additives to prevent diseases and promote growth.
Feeding methods of fat pigs:
A new method of raising pigs-"backward feeding"
At present, there are two ways to raise pigs: one is the "hanger" feeding method, which uses a lot of green and coarse feed in the early stage and has less concentrate input. When pigs grow to 50-60 kg, add high-energy concentrate for sudden fattening. Although this feeding method uses a lot of green roughage, it misses the early growth stage of pigs, and the required protein and mineral elements are insufficient. It needs to be fed for more than 1 year, which will consume too much feed to maintain feeding, but will lead to the increase and waste of concentrated feed.
The other is the "one-stop" feeding method. In this way, piglets are fed with concentrate from the beginning of slaughter, which greatly shortens the feeding cycle. However, a large number of green roughage in rural areas have not been fully utilized, and too much concentrate has been fed, which is not efficient.
On the basis of the above shortcomings, the "backward feeding method" of raising pigs is a new type of pig raising method based on the growth law and characteristics of pigs. This method is in the stage from piglet to middle pig. That is, before 50-60 kg, concentrate with high energy and high protein should be the main ingredient, supplemented by necessary feed additives and a small amount of green feed. From the middle pig to the slaughter stage, the input of concentrated feed should be appropriately reduced, and the ratio of green feed to roughage should be increased: concentrated feed 60%, green feed 25%, roughage 15%. This method not only shortens the feeding cycle of pigs, but also makes full use of a large number of green feed and roughage resources, thus saving the amount of concentrated feed and greatly improving the economic benefits.
2. How to reduce the cost of raising pigs
1. Choose good seeds and pay attention to disease prevention. Large-scale pig breeding must choose "three-yuan" hybrid piglets, the best are Landrace, Yorkshire, Hampton and their hybrids, with long waist, wide chest, short mouth, plump hips and stout limbs. It only takes about 160 days to reach 90 ~ 100 kg, which can shorten the fattening period by 20 ~ 50 days. Every spring and autumn, pigs should be injected with "triple vaccine" on time, which can effectively control the three major diseases of swine fever, swine erysipelas and swine pneumonia, reduce the mortality rate and relatively reduce the consumption of materials. The pen should be cleaned and kept clean at all times. Disinfect once a month with 20% lime water solution or disinfectant such as plant ash.
2. Staged imprisonment. Piglets after 60 days old should be kept in captivity, with 2 ~ 3 piglets in each circle, to avoid them consuming energy when playing and running outdoors. In the empty pregnancy stage and 80 days before pregnancy, sows can mainly use green feed, high-quality roughage and residue feed, and only match about 1 kg concentrate every day. Feed 2 ~ 3kg concentrate every day before labor 1 month. This ensures the normal development of the fetus, and sows can save 60 ~ 90 kilograms of concentrate every time they are pregnant.
3. Early castration and early breeding. Boars castrated at 30 days old and sows castrated at 40 days old, their weight increased by about 15% compared with those who used to castrate at 60 days old, and the wound healed faster. 60-day-old weaned piglets are advanced to 40 ~ 45 days, which can promote sow estrus and mating in advance, shorten the empty pregnancy period and save feed relatively.
4. Insect repellent and stomach nourishing. Piglets are deworming for the first time every 60 days, and then every 3 months. Use15 ~ 20mg vermiculite-proof or insect-repellent net per kilogram of pig body weight, and feed it once to drive away parasites in the body. If there are pig lice, 0. 1 kg salt,10ml kerosene and 20ml warm water can be evenly mixed and smeared on pigs to kill insects. A week later, rhubarb soda 1 tablet (no more than 15 tablet) was ground according to the weight of pigs per kilogram, and the mixture was fed to Jianwei three times. In this way, each pig can gain weight 10 ~ 15 kg, which shortens fattening. 5. How to choose the right feed
Pigs are omnivores, so the sources of pig feed are very extensive. Common feed for pigs:
(1) green feed. Green feed includes banana stalks, sweet clover, various leafy vegetables, grass and so on. Green feed is a commonly used vitamin supplement feed. If the pig's diet lacks green feed, the digestibility and utilization rate of feed are low, and the growth of pigs is slow. Green feed is rich in inorganic salts, and the ratio of calcium, phosphorus and potassium is appropriate. There is enough green feed in the diet, and diseases caused by inorganic salt deficiency rarely occur in pigs. Pay attention to green feed when feeding pigs: wash and feed. Cooking green feed is even worse, because most vitamins will be destroyed by high temperature, and the formation of nitrite will be accelerated after the pot cover is heated, which makes pigs easy to be poisoned. Now we use green feed, don't pile it up. Green feed is tender and delicious, and pigs like it. If piled up for too long, it will turn yellow easily, which will not only destroy some vitamins and reduce palatability, but also produce nitrite, which will cause pig poisoning. The feeding amount is moderate, accounting for 20% of the diet in terms of dry matter.
(2) leaves. Commonly used leaf feeds for pigs include pine needle leaf powder, Sophora japonica leaf powder and Amorpha fruticosa powder.
(3) Waste edible fungi can be fed to pigs.
In recent years, the edible fungus industry has developed rapidly, and its by-product edible fungus waste is increasing day by day. Farmers can use these waste bacteria to feed fattening pigs, which is better than feeding rice bran, and can achieve the feeding effect of corn, reduce costs and improve economic benefits.
Edible fungi have strong fiber decomposition ability, so the crude fiber and lignin in the waste of cultivated edible fungi are reduced by 50% and 30%. Because the waste contains a lot of bacterial protein, the crude protein content is increased from 2% to 6-7%, and the fat content is also increased by about 1 time. According to the analysis, using straw, wheat straw, corncob and other fiber raw materials to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus, 80 kilograms of fresh mushrooms and 60 kilograms of nutrient-rich mushroom bran can be produced per 100 kilograms of raw materials. Mushroom bran contains crude protein 6.15-10.92%; Crude fat 0.2-1.4%; Crude fiber 3.25-11.63%; The crude protein content is slightly higher than that of fine rice bran, but the crude fiber content is much lower (in fine rice bran, crude protein is 9.4%, crude fat 15.0%, crude fiber 1 1.0%), which is beneficial to the absorption of zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus and other elements, especially zinc, and can enhance the immunity of pigs. The average daily gain of pigs fed with one third of fungus chaff and other feeds is more than 780 grams, which is more than 50% higher than that fed with other feeds, saving grain by 40%, reducing cost by 50%, and the lean meat rate is about 5% higher than that fed with corn. The mushroom bran should be added from less to more for the first time, and gradually increased from 10% to 30% after a week of adaptation.
The specific method is to put the waste mushroom residue into a green feed blender and then mix it with other feeds; It can also be directly mixed with other feeds without processing. The dried fungus bran feed can be stored as a whole and then crushed when used. The part infected with miscellaneous bacteria should be dug out from the remaining waste bacteria, dried and stored in a cool and dry place to avoid getting wet and moldy.
(4) It is good to feed pigs with fermented feed of salt water. Using salt water as fermented feed not only solves the source problem of pig feed in winter and spring, but also saves refined feed for each pig. This kind of feed has the advantages of simple production method, wide sources of raw materials, long storage time of half a year, sweet and sour wine, which is loved by pigs and fast weight gain.
The production of songs. Weigh hay powder (hay or crop straw), rice bran (or bran), boiled water and salt according to the weight of 25%, 67%, 7% and 1% respectively. Firstly, the salt water is melted and cooled to 40℃, and then the above materials are mixed evenly. After about 3 days, the tangy smell of wine appeared, indicating that the koji had been made. The storage period of the prepared sake koji should not exceed 65438 0 weeks. When making koji, hay powder can also be omitted if there is enough concentrated feed.
Long-term fermentation At the same time, we should prepare for long-term fermentation raw materials. Water hyacinth (water hyacinth, peanut), hay powder, rice bran and distiller's yeast were weighed according to the proportions of 75%, 14%, 5% and 6% respectively. First, mix distiller's yeast with hay powder and rice bran, and then mix it with water hyacinth (water hyacinth should be mashed and dried in the sun until the leaves roll up) and pile it indoors. Before stacking, lay a 10 cm hay bed. When stacking materials, step on them layer by layer, each layer is 50-60 cm thick (the humidity standard is the same as that in Quzhong). The height of the whole pile shall not exceed 1.7m, and the width shall be unlimited, with flat top. Generally, the temperature can rise to 50℃ in about 3 days, and a layer of frosty white hair can be formed on the pile after 3-4 days. At this time, the pile can be covered with plastic film (a small hole can be left in a place convenient for observation when sealing), which takes about 65,438+05 days until it is sweet, sour and fragrant.
If it is made of green coarse grains such as sweet potato vines or radish tassels, the more broken the better. In the first few days after stacking, if there is too much water at the bottom, it needs to be opened in time, mixed with hay powder and stored again.
Matters needing attention in the use of fermented feed: ① You can open the hole originally reserved for observation, and don't open it at will, so as to avoid mixing other bacteria and causing feed deterioration. 2 feed while eating, and cover it after eating. It is best to stir the feed with washing water, leftover soup or a small amount of concentrated feed, instead of cooking. ③ Feed with a thickness of about 10 cm can still be fed to pigs because of its long exposure time and insufficient fermentation before sealing. ④ Fermented feed contains very little bacteria, so sows and piglets can be fed according to normal food intake, and it is no harm to find maggots mixed in.
3. Self-made complete compound feed: prepare complete compound feed with compound premix. Namely: energy feed+protein feed+compound premix = complete compound feed.
According to the local feed resources, select the formula table provided by the purchased compound premix, and add energy feed and protein feed according to the amount specified in the table. When preparing the materials, the beans should be fried until they are 90% ripe, and the selected raw materials should be crushed and mixed evenly for later use.
Formula of 35-60kg finishing pig:
① Corn 55%, wheat bran 9.39%, fried soybean 20%, distiller's grains 5%, sweet potato 7%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.8%, salt 0.3 1%, compound premix additive 1.5% (containing trace amounts of copper, iron, zinc, selenium, etc. ); Vitamins, disease prevention and growth promotion agents, etc. Buy commercial additives to feed fat pigs).
② corn 59%, wheat bran 5.89%, fried soybean 13%, wheat 12%, rapeseed cake 5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.8%, salt 0.3 1%, compound premix additive 3% (the additive contains copper and iron) If you don't deserve it, you can buy additives for fat pigs on the market. Less than 3%, supplemented by grass powder). Then the additive is evenly mixed with all raw materials such as crushed corn and wheat bran.
③ Corn 63%, rice bran 12%, bean cake 18%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.6%, salt 0.3 1% and compound premix additive 5.09%.
60-90kg formula for growing and finishing pigs:
① corn 65.7%, bran 16%, bean cake 9%, cottonseed cake 5.5%, 0? 05%, stone powder 0.5%, salt 0.25%, compound premix additive 3% (containing trace elements and vitamin premix).
② 60-90kg weight formula: 67% corn, 16.5% soybean meal, 8% bran, 0.55% stone powder, 1.0% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3% salt, 6.65% compound premix additive (buy additives for pigs, use grass powder, bran, etc. Insufficient part).
③ Corn 50%, rice bran 25%, bean cake 18%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3 1%, and compound premix additive 5.29% (buy additives for pigs, and make up the insufficient part with grass powder and bran).
⑶ The pigs were treated with "Eight Meridians" at the initial stage of feeding: deworming (every 5 kg of pig's body weight): oral levamisole hydrochloride: 24 mg/kg of body weight on the first day. Feed a small amount of concentrate on an empty stomach once in the morning; Gastric lavage; Use 1.2 tablets of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) the next day; Strengthening the stomach: on the third morning, use 4 ~ 5 tablets of rhubarb soda; Belly changing: On the third night, chop up 250-500g leek or green feed, add white wine (50g piglet, 100g medium pig, 150g big pig), mix and ferment 150g, and then feed at one time. On the fourth morning, I began to feed my full-price compound feed on an empty stomach. You don't need to wash your stomach and change your belly at the piglet stage.
⑶ Feeding method: adopt the principle of "fine first, then green, wet and raw, less feeding, more water".
(1) Piglets: Each piglet is fed 4-6% of its weight every day, with 4-6 meals a day. After adding water at the ratio of 1:2-4 every meal, pigs can eat it. ② Feeding of growing-finishing pigs: each pig is fed 3-4% of its body weight every day, 3-4 meals a day, and each meal is wet fed with 1: 1 ~ 1.5 compound feed. (3) Pigs should be given enough clean drinking water after eating. Those who have green feed conditions should be fed green feed. The feeding amount and interval of each meal every day are basically the same, and the feeding amount should be supplemented once every feeding cycle.
5. Precautions: Compound premix and its complete compound feed shall not be cooked at high temperature, and the temperature of feed and water shall not be higher than 40℃.