The Western Han Dynasty is another unified dynasty in the history of China after the Qin Dynasty. In 202 BC, it was founded by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, and its capital was Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). By AD 8, Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and died, enjoying the country for 2 10 years. In order to distinguish the post-Han Dynasty, historians called this period of history the Western Han Dynasty according to the location of the capital.
The establishment of the Western Han Dynasty
In 207 BC, Xiang Yu destroyed Qin. Later, Xiang Yu enfeoffed eighteen princes, Liu Bang named Hanwang, and the fief was Bashu and other places.
In 206 BC, Liu Bang moved eastward, and then the princes of the world formed two major lineups centered on Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, and the hegemony between Chu and Han began.
In 202 BC, Han Xin led an army to a decisive battle with Xiang Yu in Gaixia, which was called Gaixia War in history. Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide, and Liu Bang won the final victory.
In the same year, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zangcha, Zhang Ao and Changsha Wang Wu Rui wrote to Liu Bang that he proclaimed himself, so Liu Bang proclaimed himself. Naturally, Liu Bang's wife, Lv Zhi, called herself the queen, and Liu Bang named "Han" as the country name, with Chang 'an as its capital.
Three Outstanding Heroes of Early Han Dynasty
After Liu Bang won the world, he once said to his ministers, "I owe my success to three people. On strategizing, winning thousands of miles away, I am not as good as Sean; I am not as good as Xiao He in guarding the country, appeasing the people and constantly supplying rations; If we lead a million people, we will win the battle and take an attack. We are not as good as Han Xin. All three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I take the world! " .
Baima alliance
In BC 195, Liu Bang knew that time was running out, so he called his ministers, killed the white horse and made a covenant.
There are two articles in the Convention:
First: the country will last forever, and the Miao people will give it.
It means that as long as the Han Dynasty exists, ministers and future generations can enjoy generous benefits.
Second, if Liu is not king, the world will attack, and if he fails to do anything, the world will be punished.
It means: If the monarch is not Liu (alluding to the royal family), everyone in the world can crusade, and if he is blocked without military merit, everyone in the world can kill him.
Liu Bang's alliance of white horses played a role in curbing the dictatorship of Lu, but at the same time it also laid the groundwork for the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms.
Follow the established rules
A month after the White Horse Alliance, Liu Bang died and his eldest son, Liu Ying, succeeded to the throne. He was called Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, and Lv Zhi, the wife of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, was called the Empress Dowager. BC 193 (the second year of Huidi), before his death, Prime Minister Xiao He recommended Cao Can, the founding hero, to Hui Di as Prime Minister.
After Cao Can ascended the throne, he drank every day and did nothing, so Hui Di blamed Cao Can. Cao Can asked Hui Di, "Excuse me, Your Majesty, who is smarter, you or Emperor Gaozu?" Hui Di replied: "How dare I compare with the former emperor!" Cao Can asked again, "Excuse me, Your Majesty, who do you think has more power than Prime Minister Xiao He?" Hui Di replied, "You don't seem to be as good as Xiao He". Cao Can said, "Your Majesty is right! Since Emperor Gaozu and Prime Minister Xiao He had already formulated the articles of association when they were alive, we just need to act according to their articles of association, do our own jobs and do our own jobs. " After listening to Cao Can's explanation, Hui Di stopped talking. This is the origin of the idiom "Little Cao Gui follows".
Lv Hou's monopoly
Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, was virtuous and kind by nature. Once in the toilet, he saw Mrs. Qi (cutting off her limbs, gouging out her eyes, cutting off her tongue, nose and other major organs), and was frightened and began to become depressed. In BC 188, Emperor Hui of Han died of depression after only seven years in office, at the age of 23. After Hui Di's death, Empress Lu made the son of a maid-in-waiting emperor, who was called Shaodi before the Han Dynasty. Because the emperor was young, Lv Hou replaced the young emperor. Because the young emperor's mother was born to a maid-in-waiting, Lv Hou killed her to prevent leaks. Later, the former emperor Shaodi knew that his mother had been harmed by Lu and threatened to avenge her mother when she grew up. Lv Hou was so scared that he secretly killed the emperor Shaodi in BC 184. After the death of Emperor Shaodi before the Han Dynasty, another son of Emperor Likas was made emperor by Lu, who was called Emperor Shaodi after the Han Dynasty in history, and also called him young, and continued to make him king.
During the period of administration, the descendants of Liu governors were killed, which made all the descendants of Liu fearful, and at the same time sealed the Lushi people, resulting in more than ten Lushi governors, which seriously violated Liu Bang's promise of a white horse. In 180 BC, Lv Hou died of illness. With the joint efforts of the founding fathers and all the princes named Liu, the Lushi family was finally eliminated, and everything carefully designed before his death was wasted.
Wendy succeeded to the throne.
After the imperial clan of Lu was punished, the courtiers said that Li Kas was not born to Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, so they abolished the emperor name of Li Kas. Without an emperor, courtiers began to choose a new emperor. After careful consideration, ministers agreed that King Liu Heng was the gentlest and kindest of the emperor's descendants, and his mother Ji Bo was also very knowledgeable. More importantly, Ji Bo has no relatives, which will not lead to the exclusive rights of a consortium like Lv Hou.
Therefore, ministers finally decided to welcome Liu Heng as emperor. Liu Heng was the fourth son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Dynasty, and his mother Ji Bo was the wife of Wei, who was later accepted by Liu Bang. Because the land was barren, and he was not loved by Liu Bang before his death, he was tolerant and peaceful, and did not make any mistakes, so he escaped the punishment of Liu.
In BC 180, Liu Heng, the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, known as Wendi in history.
Her son tasted soup and medicine.
Wendi is a dutiful son, and his mother, Empress Dowager Bo, was ill for three years. Wendi always waits on him with his eyes wide open. Mother took the soup, and Wendi personally tasted it before letting her drink it. After the story of Wendi's "tasting soup and medicine", he was selected into the book "Twenty-four Filial Pieties", which wrote: "I was ill for three years, and it was sacred to taste medicine to serve my mother. Tang Xiao is virtuous, and the drug name is beautiful in the world. "
Jia Yi offered suggestions.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi, there were two rebellions of princes (Liu Xing, king of northern Hebei, and Liu Chang, king of southern Huai). Seeing the powerful princes, Jia Yi, a famous scholar, wrote a letter to Wendi, suggesting that Wendi cut down the princes and strengthen centralization. Wendi praised him, but he thought that the current situation did not allow drastic implementation. Only by patiently waiting for the right time and gradually weakening, can he not make mistakes.
The rebellion of the seven kings
In 157 BC, Emperor Wendi died of illness, and his eldest son Liu Qi succeeded to the throne, which was called Emperor Jingdi in history.
In BC 154 (the third year of Emperor Jingdi), Chao Cuo, an adviser to the ancient court, wrote a book entitled "The Strategy of Dividing the Feudal Regime", demanding that Emperor Jingdi, like Jia Yi in the Wendi period, divide the feudal lords such as Chu and Zhao in order to strengthen centralization, which was finally adopted by Emperor Jingdi.
After Emperor Jingdi's vassal-cutting began, it naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of many governors, so the prince of Wu Liu Bi joined forces with seven governors, including Hubei, Sui, Ji and Liu Biguang, Zichuan, Jiaoxi Shao and Jiaodong Xiongqu, and assembled more than 300,000 people. In the name of "Please punish Chao Cuo and stand on Jun Qing's side", they transferred troops to the west.
Han Jing heard the news and discussed with Chao Cuo about sending troops. Chao Cuo suggested that Han Jing use personal expedition to stay in Beijing. Yuan Ang, the former Prime Minister of the State of Wu, offered a plan to Jingdi to kill Chao Cuo, so as to meet the demands of the rebels and let them retreat, which was adopted by Jingdi. After Prime Minister Tao Qing, Captain Chen Jia and Tingwei Ou Zhang jointly wrote a letter to impeach Chao Cuo, proposing to behead Chao Cuo. Jingdi approved, so Chao Cuo was beheaded in Dongshi. However, Chao Cuo's death did not stop the allied attack. Instead, he thought that Jingdi was weak, so Wu Wang Liu Bi established himself as Dongdi. At this time, Jingdi realized his mistake and regretted Chao Cuo's death, so he made up his mind to suppress the rebellion by force.
After the tenacious defense of King Liang (the younger brother of Emperor Jing) and the counterattack of the Han army led by Zhou Yafu (the son of Zhou Bo, the founding father of the Western Han Dynasty), the rebellion was finally put down within three months. The last seven kings died, and the seven countries that participated in the rebellion except Chu were abolished and new kings were established.
rule of wen and jing
Because of years of war (the war at the end of Qin Dynasty, the hegemony of Chu and Han, the rebellion of Lu and the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, etc.). ), the people's livelihood was depressed in the early Western Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, he adopted the policy of "sharing interest with the people and paying less taxes", and repeatedly reduced or exempted land rent in an attempt to live in peace with neighboring countries. Emperor Wen of Han lived a frugal life. For many years, he did not add a coat and a thing, and prohibited counties from paying tribute to rare treasures. He once stopped building balconies because of cherishing the wealth of ten families, and wrote a letter to abolish corporal punishment because of "Ti Ying saving his father", which enabled the whole country to rest and develop productivity. After he succeeded to the throne, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty continued to carry out the policy of his father Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty to recuperate. With the recovery and rapid development of production, in the later period of Emperor Jing, there appeared a scene of affluence that had not been seen for many years. The national granary is full, and the copper coins in the national treasury are piling up. Copper coins have not been used for many years, so that the rope for wearing money is rotten and countless money is scattered. This is the first prosperous time after the great reunification of the Chinese nation. History calls the governance of the world by the two emperors during the Wenjing period "the governance of Wenjing". The rule of Wenjing not only made the economy and culture develop rapidly, but also laid a solid material foundation for the later conquest of Xiongnu by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Be defeated in Wolf Mountain.
In BC 14 1 year, Emperor Han Jingdi died at the age of 48. Che inherited the throne and was called Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the high-impedance Liu Bang was almost killed by Xiongnu because of the "siege of Deng Bai", and Lv Hou was insulted by Xiongnu. Emperor Wenjing was harassed by Xiongnu for many years. Once Xiongnu almost entered Chang 'an, and was finally beaten back by Zhou Yafu. In order to maintain health and develop production, the previous emperors all chose forbearance, and sent the princess to the Huns and relatives many times to ensure the stability of one side. After the efforts of the two emperors to preserve health, the Western Han Dynasty has become very powerful. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the initiative to attack the Xiongnu in order to relieve the Xiongnu's threat to the Western Han Dynasty. After three large-scale battles (the Battle of Henan, the Battle of Hexi and the Battle of Mobei), good news spread frequently in the Western Han Dynasty, the Hetao area was recovered and the Hexi Corridor was seized, which pushed the northern territory of the Han Dynasty from the Great Wall to Mobei and expanded the territory of the Western Han Dynasty. In the course of fighting against Xiongnu, two famous national heroes appeared successively, one named Wei Qing and the other named Huo Qubing. They won many battles and sealed the wolf in a professional position, which frightened the Huns.
Zhang Qian is out of the fortress.
After Emperor Wudi ascended the throne, he learned from the Huns that Ren Yue in the west had the intention to avenge the Huns, but no one helped him, so Emperor Wudi ordered Zhang Qian to go to the western regions to dredge Ren Yue and attack the Huns.
In 139 BC, Zhang Qian led 100 more than his entourage, and with the help of Tang Yi, the father of Huns, set out from Chang 'an for the Western Regions. After many difficulties and obstacles, he finally came to Da Yue's place, but the Da Yue family had moved westward, and because it was far from the Huns at this time, he had no intention of revenge. Zhang Qian came back from a mission, and the whole team was left with Zhang Qian and Tang Yi's father. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read his merits, named Zhang Qian as the doctor of the imperial palace, and named the father of the city as the envoy, so that he could be sent to the western countries for the second time.
In BC 1 19, Zhang Qian led more than 300 attache, carrying thousands of gold coins, silks and other property, as well as 10,000 cattle and sheep, and went to the Western Regions for the second time. This time, in addition to netting the western countries and isolating the Huns, it is more important to publicize the national prestige.
After Zhang Qian's two missions to the Western Regions, Zhang Qian introduced thoroughbred horses such as Tianma and Hanma to the Han Dynasty, which increased the cavalry strength of the Han Dynasty and also introduced raisins, walnuts and carrots. Zhang Qian also introduced technologies such as cast iron, sinking, textile and metal tools to the Western Regions. Zhang Qian is connected with the southwest and is known as the pioneer of the Silk Road.
deposed 100, only confucianism
Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, the Taoist thought of "governing by doing nothing" was very popular in the Han Dynasty. The core idea of this thought is "as long as you follow Tao and objective laws, you can do anything". This thought was very beneficial to the early Han Dynasty, but by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the country was already very rich, and the emperor needed to strengthen centralization and go out for conquest. This idea has hindered the development of society, and a new idea is urgently needed to implement it.
In BC 134, Dong Zhongshu put forward the idea of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". Because Confucianism deified the imperial power and hit it off with Emperor Wu's expectation, Dong Zhongshu's proposal was implemented. From then on, Confucianism began to occupy a dominant position, which made Confucius, the representative founder of Confucianism, respected by later generations for two thousand years and influenced it to this day.
Sima Qian wrote Historical Records.
Sima Qian was a famous historian in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and studied under Dong Zhongshu and others. Sima Qian wandered around in his early years, knowing customs and collecting rumors. Later, the son inherited his father's mantle and was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat. After Sima Qian was sentenced, he wrote China's first biographical work "Historical Records", which recorded the history of more than 3,000 years from the legend of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in ancient China, and enabled the 5,000-year-old culture of China to be passed down. A large part of the history we know today comes from historical records.
Suwu shepherd
In BC 100, the Xiongnu New Khan (the supreme leader of Xiongnu) ascended the throne. In order to show his willingness to mend fences with the big fellow, he addressed him as "father-in-law". As a gesture of friendship, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent more than 100 people from Su Wu to Xiongnu, and thanked Khan with generous gifts. When Su Wu was about to return, the Huns were in civil strife and Su Wu and his party were detained. They demanded that Su Wu betray the Han Dynasty and surrender to the Huns, and promised high officials generous salaries. As a result, Su Wu sternly refused. Seeing that persuasion was useless, the Xiongnu shut Wu Guan in an open crypt, without food and water, hoping that this would change Su Wu's faith. Over time, Su Wu was tortured in the cellar. When he was thirsty, he ate a handful of snow. When he is hungry, he chews his sheepskin coat. When he was cold, he curled up in the corner to keep warm with a fur coat. After many days, Khan saw Su Wu dying and still refused to give in, so he had to let Su Wu out.
Khan respected Su Wu's integrity very much, and couldn't bear to kill Su Wu, but he didn't want him to return to his own country, so he decided to exile Su Wu to Beihai and let him shepherd sheep. Before he left, Khan summoned Su Wu and said, "Since you don't surrender, I'll let you go herding sheep. When these sheep give birth to lambs, I will let you go back to your big man. " So Su Wu led a group of rams into exile in the inaccessible North Sea. Nineteen years later, with the help of the new envoys of the Han Dynasty, Su was able to return to China. On the day he returned to Chang 'an, people came out to meet him and praised him as an upright gentleman. Later, Su Wu was named Houguan Pass, ranking among the eleven outstanding figures in Qilin Pavilion in the Western Han Dynasty.
The curse of witchcraft
In 9 1 BC, Jingsheng, the son of the Prime Minister, was reported that he cursed Emperor Wu with witchcraft and committed adultery. As a result, the Prime Minister and his son died in prison, and Yang Shi Princess, Princess Zhu Yi and Hou Yi (son of Wei Qing) were also punished. Later, Liang Wudi ordered his favorite minister, Jiang Chong, to find out the case. Jiang Chong killed tens of thousands of people by planting and persecuting, and many ministers in the DPRK were even punished. Because Jiang Chong had a problem with Liu Yuxin, he took the opportunity to frame the Prince. The prince was forced to send troops to kill Jiang Chong in order to protect himself. The new prime minister thought that the prince rebelled and led his troops to suppress it. Finally, the prince was defeated and committed suicide. Wei Fuhou was deeply saddened by Emperor Wu's behavior and chose to commit suicide. Because the whole incident was caused by witchcraft, this disaster was called "the curse of witchcraft" in history. Hundreds of thousands of people were involved in the curse of witchcraft, and tens of thousands of people paid their lives for it. Fortunately, Emperor Wu was sober later, but he also regretted it. Jiang Chong destroyed his three clans, and Liang Wudi sent a letter to the prince for his crimes, which made him hurt and made him think about his uterus for mourning.
Four years later, Emperor Liu Che died of illness. He was the longest-serving emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, lasting 54 years. It is worth mentioning that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to put forward the use of titles.
Huo Guang Fuzheng
In 87 BC, Liu Fuling, the youngest son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, succeeded to the throne at the age of seven. He is known as Emperor Han Zhaodi, the eighth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
Because in the chaos of witchcraft, there are few assistant ministers trained by former Liu Yuxin, so according to the will of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, four ministers headed by General Huo Guang (Huo Qubing's half-brother) were appointed to assist Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, which was called "Huo Guang Fuzheng" in history. Because Liang Wudi fought all the year round, the national treasury was empty again, and the people were poor. Huo Guang helped Zhao Han to continue to adopt the policy of recuperation, tax reduction and labor reduction, and managed state affairs well. Emperor Zhao died in 74 BC at the age of 2 1.
The emperor with the shortest reign
In 74 BC, Emperor Han Zhaodi died. Because there were no children, Liu He, the grandson of Emperor Wu, accepted the title of emperor and inherited the title of emperor. He is known as the ninth emperor and the shortest-lived emperor in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
During the reign of Liu He, due to extravagance and waste, he did not protect the country. He was in office for only 27 days, and Huo Guang and other ministers were abolished as Shu Ren, which is known as the abolition of the emperor in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Xuandi succeeded to the throne in the later Han Dynasty, Liu He was named the Queen of the Sea.
Zhao Xuan Zhong Xing
In 74 BC, after the deposed Emperor Liu He, Liu Xun, the grandson of the former dynasty, succeeded to the throne and became the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, bringing the Han Dynasty back to the former dynasty.
During Zhao Xuan's reign, he made great efforts to manage the country and appointed virtuous ministers, thus creating the "Eleven Masters of Qilin Pavilion" in the Western Han Dynasty. At the same time, it lightened the burden on the people, continued to develop agricultural production, and revived the vitality of the Western Han Dynasty. Historically, the reign of Emperor Gaozu Zhao Di and Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di was called "Zhao Xuan Zhong Xing", and the reign of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di was also the most powerful period of the whole Western Han Dynasty.
Jian mie huo Jia
During the reign of Xuan Di, Huo Guang continued to serve as the minister of auxiliary government. Although Huo Guang managed the country in an orderly way, in political affairs, Huo Guang rejected dissidents, and the other three ministers who entrusted orphans were eliminated by Huo Guang. At that time, Huo Guang was in power and Gao Zhen was in charge.
In 68 BC, Huo Guang died of illness. Two years later, the Huo Guang family rebelled, but Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, had taken control of the court without Huo Guang's hindrance. After the rebellion was exposed, the Huo Guang family was completely disgraced, making the imperial power no longer threatened.
If you make me a strong man, you will be punished far away.
In 48 BC, Emperor Xuan Di Liu Xun died of illness, and his son Liu Shi succeeded him. He is called Emperor Hanyuan, the 11th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
Shortly after Yuan Di ascended the throne, Xiongnu Khan held a grudge against the hostile forces of the Han Dynasty who supported him, so he developed his forces into the western regions, thinking that he could do whatever he wanted as long as he stayed away from the emperor of the Han Dynasty, which directly threatened the rule of the Han Dynasty in the western regions. In 36 BC, Chen Shang, the vice captain of the Western Regions, falsely proclaimed the imperial edict, threatening the Western Regions to protect Gan Yanshou's army, so he led an army thousands of miles away and directly destroyed the Xiongnu Khan. At this point, the threat of the Han dynasty in the western regions was completely eliminated, and the Silk Road was unimpeded. Later, Chen Tang wrote to Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, saying ... Anyone who commits a strong Han will be punished in the distance! "Although Shang Chen falsely preached the imperial edict, Shang Chen destroyed Zhi Zhi Khan, relieved the threat of Xiongnu in the western regions, and improved the national prestige. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty not only failed to deal with him, but also gave Shang Chen a seal.
Zhao Sai
After the branch of the Northern Xiongnu was killed by the Han Dynasty, the branch of the Southern Xiongnu was both willing to destroy its political enemies and afraid of the strength of the Han Dynasty. In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe made three pilgrimages in Chang 'an, expressing his wish to join the Han Dynasty and marry a Han woman as E Shi (the wife of Huns Khan). Yuan Di then proposed to Wang Zhaojun (formerly known as Wang Qiang), a palace maid, and named her E Shi. After Wang Zhaojun entered the Great Wall, the two countries lived in harmony for nearly 60 years, and Zhaojun made an indelible contribution to the peace between the two countries.
The imperial power was abandoned halfway.
Emperor Han and Yuan were versatile, but soft-hearted and timid. During his reign, he favored eunuchs, which led to the decline of imperial power and political chaos in the Western Han Dynasty. Yuan Di fell ill and entrusted all the affairs of state to the eunuch Shi Xian, so Shi Xian came to power. During this period, he formed gangs, cracked down on dissidents and disrupted the affairs of state. Prince Xiao Wangzhi (grandson of Xiao He VII) was also forced to commit suicide, and Zhou Kan and other sages were also demoted. In 33 BC, Liu Shi, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, died at the age of 42.
Exclusive right of consortium
In 33 BC, after the death of Liu Shi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his son Liu Ao succeeded to the throne, known as Emperor Hancheng in history, and was the twelfth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
Seeing that the eunuch Shi Xian was becoming more and more powerful, Emperor Han Cheng, with the help of his consort Wang Feng and uncle, made Shi Xian a servant with a long letter of trust, which made him leave the power center and lose his real power, and then declared him guilty. Therefore, Shixian was expelled from his official position and eventually died halfway.
During the reign of Emperor Han Chengdi, he raised his consorts. After he came to power, he immediately named Big Jiu General Fu Jia, who had real power, and later named the other five uncles on the same day, and finally all the seven uncles were sealed, as follows:
As Emperor Han Cheng indulged in sensual pleasures all day, his great uncle Wang Feng began to act arbitrarily, and some ministers who were dissatisfied with Wang Feng began to impeach him, some were fired and some were killed. All the foreign ministers followed Wang Feng. Since the death of King Wu Shu, there has been no power to control the Wangs in North Korea. For promotion, my uncle's son Wang Mang served Wang Feng when Wang Feng was ill, and Wang Feng was greatly moved. At the end of his life, he specially asked the Queen Mother to take care of Wang Mang. Before he died, because he had no children, he made his nephew Prince Wei Liu.
The decline of Han dynasty
In 7 BC, Liu Ao, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, died at the age of 44. His nephew, Liu Xin, succeeded to the throne and was called Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty, the 13th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
After Liu Xin succeeded to the throne, he made my late father Liu Kang the emperor and enjoyed the treatment of the emperor. Like Emperor Han Chengdi, Emperor Liu Xindi indulged in debauchery all day. Later, he said that he took an aphrodisiac overdose, so that his body was hollowed out and he died young. In 1 BC, Liu Xin died, only six years in office, at the age of 25. After Liu Xin's death, Wang Mang was appointed as Fu by Empress Dowager Cixi and recorded the history, and gradually began to gain real power.
In order to play politics, Wang Mang made Liu Kan, a 9-year-old Zhongshan king, emperor, known as Emperor Han Ping in history, the 4th and last emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
After Liu Kan succeeded to the throne, Wang Mang became the Minister of Fuzheng. Since then, Wang Mang killed consorts, such as the Wei family, the princess, Liu Li and other political enemies, promoted the long queen to Queen Xiaoping, and sealed the post of Zaiheng himself, ranking above the princes. In AD 6, Liu Kan died (it is said that Wang Mang poisoned him) at the age of 15.
Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty
After the death of Emperor Liu Kan of Han Ping, Liu Ying, the great grandson of Xuan Di of Han Gaozu, was founded, but Liu Ying did not become emperor. Liu Ying was only the Crown Prince for three years in his life, but he was imprisoned at the age of four, and was forbidden to talk to anyone. The obedient baby grew up, and the six animals could not understand and speak clearly, and became fools. Three years later, in AD 9, 65438+ 10/5, Wang Mang accepted Liu Ying's "abdication" as the Han Fu and seized the Western Han regime. Wang Mang usurped Han as emperor and changed his country name to "new". At this point, the Western Han Dynasty perished!
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