Menstrual cycle, also known as menstrual cycle, is a physiological cycle, which occurs between some fertile female humans and other animals. Other mammals go through estrus.

Menstruation is also called monthly events, monthly water, monthly letters and official holidays. It is called menstruation because most people have 1 time a month. It is a specified period and periodic uterine bleeding. Strictly speaking, with this bleeding, there should be follicular maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum formation in the ovary, and the endometrium has changed from hyperplasia to secretion. However, the phenomenon of uterine bleeding without ovulation often occurs in clinic, which is called anovulatory menstruation.

In recent years, the common names of menstruation have increased, such as bad things, big aunt, bad luck and so on. The average age of menarche in modern women is 12 years old.

Guishui refers to menstruation, which is found in all medical systems.

Why do women have menstruation?

First of all, we must understand the structure and physiological function of female reproductive organs in order to explain this problem. Female internal reproductive organs are composed of ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. The main function of the ovary is to produce eggs and synthesize ovarian hormones, while the uterus and fallopian tubes are reproductive organs. There are hundreds of thousands of follicles in the ovary, and each follicle contains 1 egg. Prepubertal follicles basically have no function. In adolescence, under the action of gonadotropin in the anterior pituitary gland, immature follicles gradually develop and estrogen is synthesized. When the follicle matures and ovulates, the egg wall collapses and the cells become larger and yellow, which is called corpus luteum. It not only synthesizes estrogen, but also produces progesterone. With the change of ovary, the endometrium also changes periodically. Estrogen makes endometrium thicken, endometrial cells increase and enlarge, and the ducts become more tortuous and spiral, which is called proliferative endometrium. After ovulation, due to the interaction of estrogen and progesterone, endometrial edema occurs, and glands produce a lot of mucus and glycogen, and the thickness of endometrium increases from 1 mm to 6 mm, which is called secretory endometrium. If the ovum discharged at this time is fertilized, the fertilized egg is transported to the uterus through the fallopian tube for development, which is called pregnancy. The pregnant tissue synthesizes chorionic gonadotropin to support the continuous development of ovarian corpus luteum. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will shrink about 14 days after ovulation and stop secreting estrogen and progesterone. At this time, the blood vessels in the endometrium contract, and the endometrium is necrotic and falls off, causing bleeding and forming menstruation. Therefore, the length of menstrual cycle depends on the length of ovarian cycle, which is generally 28-30 days, but it also varies from person to person, and there are also 23-45 days, even 3 months or half a year 1 cycle. As long as it is regular, it generally belongs to normal menstruation. The bleeding time is generally 2-7 days, and the total amount of menstrual bleeding per time does not exceed 100 ml.

The benefits of menstruation

Many women often lament that women's life would be much easier if there were no menstrual troubles. Is that so?

1, the first signal for a woman to judge whether she is pregnant:

Married women of childbearing age should first consider whether they are pregnant if they have regular menstruation in the past and have menstruation for more than ten days in the future. After determining pregnancy, those who are not ready to give birth should take remedial measures as soon as possible; If you want to have children, you should pay more attention to nutrition and avoid contact with cigarettes, alcohol, pesticides, harmful chemicals and radiation. And avoid taking drugs that can cause fetal malformation. According to menstruation, the expected date of delivery can also be calculated, which is very beneficial to pregnancy health care and pregnancy psychology.

2. It can make people find diseases early.

Female students 18 years old still have no menstrual cramps, or women have normal menstruation in the past and have stopped menstruating for more than three months (excluding those caused by pregnancy, lactation and menopause). It is necessary to check whether they have lower genital atresia, congenital absence of uterus or uterine dysplasia, ovarian tumor, pituitary adenoma or hypofunction, endocrine or wasting diseases. In addition, the change of menstrual time, amount and accompanying symptoms is also an important clue to discover and diagnose many diseases.

3, the damage of excessive iron can be avoided.

There is a hereditary disease called hemochromatosis, which is easy to cause iron metabolism disorder in patients and accumulate too much iron in the body; Excessive iron will gradually cause damage to skin, heart, liver, joints and islets. One of the ways to treat iron excess is to regularly discharge a certain amount of blood. The chance that hemochromatosis causes organic damage to women is much less than that of men, or even hardly occurs. The role of menstruation-periodic blood loss just consumes excessive iron.

4, can promote hematopoietic function.

Menstruation causes frequent blood loss and hematopoiesis, which gives women a kind of "exercise" that men do not have. It makes women more able to bear the blow of accidental blood loss than men, and can quickly create new blood to make up for the lost blood. Practice has proved that men and women with the same weight and health status will die if the proportion of accidental blood loss is the same, while women have the possibility of successful rescue and final recovery.

Precautions during menstruation

1, not suitable for sexual life: menstrual period, endometrial shedding, surface formation of wounds. If you have sex, it is easy to introduce bacteria and make them retrograde into the uterine cavity, causing intrauterine infection.

2, not suitable for eating too salty food: too salty food will increase the salt and water storage in the body. Symptoms such as headache, emotional excitement and getting angry easily appear before menstruation.

3, not suitable for drinking strong tea, coffee: this kind of beverage has high caffeine content, which is easy to stimulate nerves and cardiovascular, leading to menstrual pain, prolonged menstrual period and excessive menstrual blood.

4, should not eat cold fruits and vegetables and cold drinks: cold food will reduce the speed of blood circulation, and then affect the contraction of the uterus and the discharge of menstrual blood, resulting in adverse menstrual blood discharge, causing menstrual pain.

5. It is not suitable for sitz bath or basin bath: the cervix is slightly open during menstrual period, and sitz bath and basin bath are easy to make sewage enter the uterine cavity and cause inflammation.

6, should not wear tights: tights with small hip circumference will cause pressure on local microvessels, thus affecting blood circulation and causing pudendal congestion and edema.

7, do not sing loudly: during menstruation, respiratory mucosa and vocal cords are congested, singing or talking loudly, vocal cord muscles are easy to fatigue, leading to hoarseness.

8. Don't beat your back too much: Although it is easy to cause back pain during menstruation, don't beat yourself at will, which will further congestion the pelvic cavity and cause menorrhagia or too long menstruation.

Can I drink alcohol during my period?

Before menstruation, the time of drunkenness will be prolonged, which is also a taboo period for the liver! Similarly, drinking alcohol, women's chances of causing liver damage and alcoholism are half higher than men's, which means women are more prone to alcoholism.

Basically, there are fewer enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism in women, so their ability to decompose acetaldehyde is weak.

Coupled with the influence of female hormone secretion before menstruation, the secretion of enzymes that decompose alcohol will be reduced, so the speed of decomposing alcohol will be reduced. As a result, alcohol will become acidic instead of being excreted. In order to neutralize these substances, the liver must constantly produce enzymes, and finally, the possibility of causing liver dysfunction increases.

Before menstruation comes, the activity of catabolic enzymes is low, and the ability of alcohol metabolism is decreased. If the metabolism slows down, the time spent in a drunken state will be the same, and the feeling of drunkenness will be more serious. Therefore, drinking before menstruation is addictive, and in many cases it has become the fuse of alcoholism.

Therefore, caring for yourself should be implemented at the most fundamental point, and women should also consider the menstrual cycle when drinking. So can I drink alcohol during my period? Will it affect the secretion of menstrual blood? The doctor told us that the secretion of menstrual blood should not exceed 50- 120g, and alcohol will not affect it. In addition, many women especially want to drink wine or warm wine during menstruation, which is also because their body temperature drops by 0.3-0.4 degrees during menstruation, and subconsciously want to keep their bodies warm. Therefore, drinking 1-2 glasses of wine during this period is moderate, not too much.

As a woman, no matter how much you like drinking during menstruation, you should actually protect yourself.

Diet during menstruation

How to eat during menstruation? Nowadays, women really don't have much time to take care of them because they go to work and school. In addition, people are not short of nutrition now, and it seems that there is no need to take supplements. Even if they want to follow the ancient law, it depends on whether their physique is suitable.

Although you don't need to take supplements deliberately, you still need proper care, especially those who are prone to PMS, dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. Many women may not care much about this when they are young, but with the increase of age, they may have systemic physical discomfort, such as premenstrual edema, abdominal pain, depression or irritability, headache, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, acne and other physiological reactions.

In the past, the older generation had an idea that it would be good to recuperate every menstrual period, which would also be good for the function of women's uterus and ovaries, and of course it would also be helpful for the secretion of female hormones and the rejuvenation of organs.

The menstrual period is usually about five to seven days.

Before 1~3 days, the blood volume will be more, sometimes blood clots will appear, accompanied by dull pain in the lower abdomen. At this time, you can eat sesame oil and ginger slices to stir-fry pork liver. In addition to supplementing iron, sesame oil ginger tablets also have the function of promoting blood circulation, which is conducive to the smooth discharge of menstrual blood and blood clots.

After three days, you can eat sesame oil and stir-fry pork loin to help uterus contract and clean menstrual blood. If you think it's too much trouble, you can actually eat spicy fried chicken or brown sugar boiled ginger soup throughout the menstrual period, which can help the uterus contract and clean up menstrual blood.

But these foods are hot and not suitable for people who are hot and dry or have skin allergies (urticaria), obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. These people can use spinach pork liver soup, pig blood soup and ginger fish soup instead, or drink chicken essence at the end of each time, or just pay attention to a balanced diet during menstruation and eat more foods rich in calcium and iron, such as black sesame, spinach and seaweed.

Pay attention before menstruation.

1, before menstruation, some people will have edema of the lower abdomen or lower limbs. At this time, you can eat more red beans and barley soup, because red beans are rich in iron and have diuretic effect, and barley is beneficial to dampness. If it's too troublesome, you can buy ready-made or simply eat eight-treasure porridge.

2, if it is easy to have lower abdominal swelling, it is best to limit the intake of salt.

3, some women will greatly increase their appetite before menstruation, usually this is caused by the role of hormones, without excessive restraint, eating vitamin E can be slightly improved.

4, vitamin B group can be supplemented, especially vitamin B6, magnesium and zinc can alleviate the discomfort before and during menstruation.

5, in addition, it is best not to lose weight before menstruation, because deliberately suppressing appetite is easy to cause low mood, anxiety and other emotions.

Menstrual taboo diet

Any tonic (Angelica sinensis, Siwutang, Sesame Oil Stewed Soup ...) can easily cause excessive uterine contraction.

Raw cold drinks can easily cause poor blood circulation in the lower abdomen, affect the smooth discharge of menstrual blood and cause dysmenorrhea.

Coffee and any stimulating drinks are easy to affect the mood.

Women should not eat any traditional Chinese medicine supplements during menstruation, because too much stew will affect uterine contraction and make menstrual blood difficult to discharge. Ginger pig liver soup is the best choice, which can relieve uterine muscles and help menstrual blood discharge, and it is simple and economical! Practice: Boil two bowls of water, add a handful of shredded ginger, add eight small pieces of pork liver one minute later, add spinach and a little chopped green onion after boiling, and finally add a little sesame oil and salt.

Causes and solutions of menstrual disorders

Those days of every month are very troublesome days for women. A regular and painless life is not bad, but it is even more annoying for female friends not to "do things" according to the rules. After menstrual disorder, many women only consider gynecological diseases such as uterine hypoplasia, acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, and ignore life factors. As everyone knows, many bad habits that you often don't realize may be the culprit leading to menstrual disorders.

Checking your bad lifestyle and habits is the premise of completely saying goodbye to menstrual disorders!

One of the causes of menstrual disorders: stress

The daily pace of work makes Li Na, 25, in a hurry. Once, Li Na was surprised to find that her "good friend" who had just left for more than ten days came again. Why twice a month? Think about it carefully, menstruation has not been "regular" for a long time, sometimes in advance, sometimes later, and the amount is more than before.

After ruling out the possibility of organic diseases, the doctor asked about Li Na's life and told her for sure that long-term stress caused mental stress, which made her endocrine disorders and changed her menstrual rules.

Expert analysis: If women of childbearing age are under pressure for a long time, they will inhibit the function of pituitary gland, so that the ovaries will no longer secrete female hormones and ovulate, and menstruation will begin to be disordered. Similarly, long-term depression, sulking or bad mood can also affect menstruation.

Tips

1. Relieve mental stress and do some whole-body exercises, such as swimming and running, once or twice a week for 30 minutes each time.

2. Eat more decompression dishes, such as bananas, cabbage, potatoes, shrimp, chocolate, ham, corn, tomatoes and so on.

Cause 2 of menstrual disorder: catch a cold

Yan Xu is a girl who likes to dress up. Even in winter, she often wears thin clothes, belonging to a typical beauty-obsessed family, and wants manners rather than temperature. Besides, like many city girl, she eats ice cream in cold winter. Yan Xu went her own way and stopped menstruating on time, sometimes once a month or two, and the amount was much less than before.

Expert analysis: Women who suffer from cold during menstruation will contract the blood vessels in the pelvic cavity, leading to ovarian dysfunction, which can cause too little menstrual flow and even amenorrhea.

Tips

1, avoid cold and humidity during menstruation, avoid getting wet, wading, swimming, drinking cold drinks, etc. In particular, prevent the lower body from catching cold and keep warm.

2. Add green onions, beans, pumpkins, garlic, ginger, chestnuts, oranges and other foods to the recipe; In addition, vinegar, sauce, vegetable oil, pepper, pepper and other seasonings, as well as stewed beef, chicken soup, etc., all have a certain effect on irregular menstruation caused by this situation.

The third cause of menstrual disorder: electromagnetic waves

Pagers, mobile phones, business communications, one can not be less; DV machine, electric wok, cordless phone, vacuum cleaner ... Ayun's life is surrounded by electrical appliances. However, Ayun's "good friends" don't listen to her instructions like these appliances, and they often have short time and irregular attacks, which makes Ayun very angry.

Expert analysis: various household appliances and electronic equipment will produce different electromagnetic waves during use. These electromagnetic waves will have adverse effects on women's endocrine and reproductive functions for a long time, leading to endocrine disorders and menstrual disorders.

Tips

1, daily operation of the computer, do a good job of protection.

2. It is a safer choice to install hands-free speaker on the mobile phone. Of course, it is best not to use the mobile phone for a long time.

3. Use the microwave oven less, and don't put the refrigerator in the bedroom. Pay attention to the scientific use of electrical appliances, try to avoid using multiple electrical appliances at the same time, and the continuous use time should not be too long and the frequency should not be too high.

4. Eating carrots, bean sprouts, tomatoes, lean meat, animal livers and other foods rich in vitamins A, C and protein, and drinking some green tea often can effectively prevent and reduce the harm of electromagnetic pollution to human body.

Cause 4 of menstrual disorder: constipation

Julie works in a foreign company with a fast pace. Lunch is usually ordered to take out or settled in a nearby fast food restaurant. Most of the food she eats is staple food and meat, and there are few fruits and vegetables. Gradually, Julie became constipated, and then her regular menstruation began to make trouble. Julie doesn't understand: Does abnormal menstruation have anything to do with eating fast food?

Expert analysis: constipation may lead to menstrual disorders in women. When the stool in the rectum is too full, the cervix will be pushed forward and the uterus will lean backward. If uterine retroversion occurs repeatedly for a long time, the veins in the broad ligament will be blocked by compression, and the uterine wall will be congested and lose elasticity. If the uterus is in the posterior position for a long time, there will be low back pain and menstrual disorder.

Tips

1, sweet prescription: take one spoonful of sesame oil and one spoonful of honey, and take it after stirring, which can moisten the stomach and promote gastrointestinal peristalsis.

2. Drinking one or two bowls of hot soup on an empty stomach every morning has a significant effect on constipation.

Eucommia ulmoides tea is a good drink for constipation, which can relieve constipation and reduce fat. Drinking lemon juice every morning and evening or after meals can improve gastrointestinal digestion, lose weight and soften stools.

4. Walnuts, yogurt and dried prunes are all laxative snacks; Eating less coffee and more bananas can also promote defecation, but excessive consumption will be self-defeating.

Cause 5 of menstrual disorder: drug abuse

Eiko usually likes to catch a cold and cough. In order to recover quickly, she always takes a lot of medicine, and sometimes the doctor injects her with antibiotics. It got better soon at first, but later "low-grade drugs" didn't work, so we had to use more advanced and updated antibiotics. At the same time, she found that her menstruation began to be delayed.

Expert analysis: Abuse or frequent use of antibiotics can lead to menstrual disorders, anovulation and amenorrhea in women. This may be because drugs inhibit and hurt people's own resistance, leading to physical dysfunction.

Tips

1, good autoimmunity will help you resist minor illnesses.

2. Don't "upgrade" antibiotics casually. Once the high-level antibiotics are used, the low-level antibiotics will not work, because bacteria have developed resistance to them. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the doctor about the medication and be cautious about "upgrading".

Causes of menstrual disorders: disco dancing.

Wang is a practitioner of urban fashion life. He often goes to disco with friends or colleagues after work and enjoys it. After staying in the deafening music environment for a long time, my hearing seems to decline, but to Kelly's surprise, the menstrual cycle has also changed. Sometimes the interval is long, sometimes it is short. What's going on here?

Expert analysis: Noise will lead to female dysfunction, which will adversely affect menstruation and fertility.

Tips

Try to choose a quiet place to meet and reduce contact noise. You can shorten the time of visiting the disco every time, or have a party in your own home.

The seventh cause of menstrual disorder: smoking.

Lulu often smokes cigars, so does Morgan. Later, she went to the hospital for several months because of irregular menstruation. Finally, the doctor gave her a prescription: give up smoking. This surprised her immensely.

Expert analysis: Nicotine in tobacco will reduce the secretion of sex hormones, thus interfering with physiological processes related to menstruation and causing irregular menstruation. Women who smoke more than 1 pack a day are three times more likely to have irregular menstruation than non-smoking women.

Tips

1, get rid of bad habits and quit smoking decisively.

2, the right amount of vitamin C. Vitamin C can reduce the harm of smoking to the body. You can take some pills, or eat more oranges, oranges, kiwis and other fruits.

How did the ancient ladies-in-waiting menstruate?

Wang Jian's Gong Ci (46);

The color of Yuchichun water is good, and Baiyu Canal is diverted everywhere. Secretly play with Wang Zhiyue and ask someone to wash his skirt with him.

Longshou Canal, Yong 'an Canal and Qingming Canal in Tang Dynasty diverted water into the city. "White Jade Canal" refers to a canal made of white marble. "Entering the moon" means menstruating. It is necessary to inform the emperor in secret to avoid "running a red light". The maid-in-waiting accidentally soiled her skirt when she came to menstruation, so she asked her best friend to wash her skirt by the water.

In Tang Yin Gui Qian (volume 19), Hu Zhenheng pointed out that this poem is inconsistent with the facts in two aspects: First, "How does Heaven wash its skirts by itself?" Empresses and concubines may not do rough work, but it is not surprising that ordinary maids engage in various chores in the palace every day and wash their own clothes; The other is "secretly playing, not knowing Dan's story." The red mark on Dani's face is this:

"Historical Records": "Ji Cheng avoided, unwilling to enter." The commentary said: "The concubines of emperors and princes are not as good as imperial concubines, but they can't stop when there is a moon, let alone. They take Dan's face as their knowledge and let the female history see it. " No matter the size of the emperor's wife or the princes, they all wait on their husbands in order. When a woman comes to menstruation, she won't take part in rotation. She doesn't say it directly, but marks her face with red. This is not to say that the emperor directly canceled the lucky plan when he saw a woman with a red mark on her face, but let the director's "female history see it", so it is reasonable for the director to "play secretly".

During menstruation, women in the palace not only "look at their faces with Dan", but also wear rings. I have seen many opinions on whether to wear a gold ring or a silver ring, and whether to wear a left hand or a right hand, but they are basically considered to be the practice of the harem in the Han Dynasty.

According to "Three Extra Pencils", concubines and ladies-in-waiting in the Han Dynasty often wore a gold ring on their hands during menstrual cramps or pregnancy to remind the emperor not to share the same room during this period. Therefore, the gold ring, also known as "menstrual abstinence", is a warning sign.

There is also a saying that the harem women in the Han Dynasty wear a silver ring on their left hand whenever they come to menstruation or get pregnant. If the emperor is lucky, he will give them a gold ring to wear on their right hand, and the women will record the time when they sleep with the emperor for future verification when they are pregnant.

Let's take a look at this statement again: harem beauties must register and sort out the history of women before entering the palace. Women's History gave each maid-in-waiting two kinds of small rings, one is gold and the other is silver. If the maid-in-waiting is pregnant or in menstruation, she can't have sex. Needless to say, just put the gold ring on her left hand (if it is clear which finger she is wearing, it is estimated that there will be countless statements). As a signal of "forbidding", female history will not arrange for her to wait in bed when she sees it. Usually, ladies-in-waiting wear a silver ring on their right hand.

No matter which hand you wear, gold or silver, you should wear a ring and "quit" sex during menstruation.

Since it comes to ladies-in-waiting menstruating, let's talk about the so-called "red Dan" Dan medicine related to it.

"Red lead, the sky is flooded." What is Tiangui? Huangdi Neijing: "Today is called Tiangui." In fact, "red lead" is not the menstruation of ordinary women, but the first menstruation of virgins. "After the water just became a monk, the color changed, and the color of the first menstruation did not change suddenly, all of which were yin and yang. Men have yang outside and yin inside; Women's yin is outside and yang is inside. The first pass is the sun in the pit. Is it beneficial to supplement the middle yin with the yang of the spine? It is beneficial to supplement men alone, but harmful to supplement women. For men, yang helps yin; Those who make up women, Yang is also Yang. " "Li Kan" is a divination mentioned in Yijing, and Yin and Yang are like fire and water in Jiji. "Menstruation" is full of yang, which keeps fresh and moist after flowing out of female vulva, and does not change color immediately, which is a great supplement to men.

Ming Shizong Zhu Hougui was superstitious about Taoism. In the early stage, longevity was the main thing, and in the later stage, "research" was the main thing. In Taoist theory, the art of sexual intercourse itself is a kind of health preservation. You only need to master certain skills, take intensive Dan medicine and mate with virgins, and you can achieve the effect of nourishing yin and yang and prolonging life. During the Sejong period of the Ming Dynasty, refining aphrodisiac for the emperor became the main task of Taoist priests, among which the pill made of "red lead" (also known as "congenital lead") was the most famous.

In order to refine medicine, the relevant departments selected thirteen or fourteen-year-old folk girls who were in their prime to enter the palace. On the one hand, they provide raw materials for refining Hongdan pills, on the other hand, they also serve as tools for Sejong to collect and supplement desires.

In addition to the "first classic", the ingredients of red lead also include a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, minerals and "Qiu Shi". Qiu Shi, some people say it's a boy's urine, others say it's a boy's urine and a girl's urine. Mr Joseph Needham, who studies the history of science and technology in China in Britain, said that the "Qiu Shi" refined by Taoist priests in the Ming Dynasty was actually a sex hormone preparation extracted from a large amount of human urine. In other words, with the addition of Qiu Shi, Hongdan Pill has more functions of pure medicine. Taking Hongdan pills, the emperor is more energetic and can "hook up" with more virgins.

In addition, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ordered the ladies-in-waiting to go to the imperial garden to collect "nectar" for him before dawn every day, and many ladies-in-waiting were too tired to fall ill. It is also said that in order to obtain the raw materials of red lead, a large number of menstrual drugs were given to those young maids, which caused great physical and mental harm to them and even led to their death. So on the night of October 20th, Jiajing 1 (1542)/kloc-0, a maid-in-waiting tried to strangle Sejong. As a result, Yang, Xing Cuilian, etc. 10 and Cao Shi, the princess of Duan, were all executed in this year, and they were executed by the clan.

Finally, let me talk about the problem of irregular menstruation of palace ladies. Irregular menstruation is a common gynecological disease. It is said that imperial doctors in the palace treat amenorrhea and menorrhagia, and rhubarb is often prescribed in prescription drugs. The "Tongjing Ganlu Pill" and "Wujin Pill" that Cixi often takes have the ingredients of cooked rhubarb.

This knowledge is comprehensive in Baidu Encyclopedia.