Buddhism was born in ancient India, and was introduced to China from the western regions at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. After the spread of Buddhism to the East, influenced by China's traditional ethical thoughts, especially Confucianism, China's Buddhist ethical thoughts with the view of good and evil and outlook on life as the main contents were formed. During the development of Middle-earth Buddhism, it is always accompanied by the pursuit of perfection in real life and the continuous integration with traditional ethics, which makes China's Buddhism's view of good and evil and the theory of persuading good particularly rich. Because of this, after the localization of Buddhism in China, its social function is more inclined to persuade the good to turn to the vulgar, and to persuade people to stop evil and do good and avoid evil by popular education. The charitable activities of Buddhist temples began at that time and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Good and evil are a pair of categories about the theory of mind and nature in China's Buddhist culture. In Indian Buddhism, it originally refers to the pure dyeing of the mind. There is a cloud in volume 12 of Mahayana Chapter of Righteousness: "It is good to follow reason, and evil to violate it." Volume 5 of Cheng Weizhi Lun also said: "It is beneficial to this world and others, hence the name"; On the contrary, it is evil to go against the world and others. From this point of view, the original view of good and evil in Buddhism is based on whether it can fit Buddhism or not, and it is based on dyeing. Specifically, it is good to conform to Buddhism and Buddhism, and it is good to have a clean heart. It is evil to violate the law, and it is evil to worry and obsess. "Good and evil are the roots, and they all start from the heart." Therefore, Buddhism has formulated a series of commandments to restrain disciples in order to break evil and cultivate good. Buddhism believes that only by continuous transformation can the soul be purified and good results be achieved. Therefore, Buddhism has the saying of "ten good and ten evil". The so-called "ten evils": killing, stealing, fornication, lying, swearing, bad mouth, even greed, ignorance and ignorance, this is called the ten evils. Ten good people, not ten evil people. " In this way, Buddhists take ten good and ten evil as the standard, distinguish between good and evil, and seek Xiu De, thus producing a kind of power to worship virtue and be good. Buddhism has higher requirements for practicing Buddhists, namely "three blessings" and "five precepts". The specific contents of cultivating "three blessings" are as follows: first, to be a teacher, not to kill the good, to cultivate the ten good; The second is to accept the public's commandments and not commit public ceremonies; The third is to develop bodhicitta, believe in cause and effect, read Mahayana and persuade good deeds. The "Five Commandments" refer to abstinence from killing, stealing, prostitution, drinking and lying, which are quite similar to the Ten Virtues, except that people who believe in Buddhism regard it as a commandment and practice it as infinite merit. This Buddhist ethics has promoted the development of charitable activities in China since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Future generations will not kill if they are released, set up a release pool, set up a release meeting, give without stealing, set up a charity hall and build a judicial bureau. All these good deeds are the external concrete manifestations of the charity thought contained in the three blessings, five precepts and ten good deeds in Buddhist teachings. As for the methods of doing good, Buddhists also have their own special expositions, such as "repairing Futian" and "giving alms". The so-called Futian means doing good as farmers sow in the fields, and there will be harvest in autumn. Do more good deeds in front, and you will be rewarded later. "Fukuda's theory" takes this as an example to persuade the world to do more good deeds and accumulate more merits. This has become the most influential content of charity thought in Buddhist teachings. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the names of Sadian Nursing Home and Futian Hospital came directly from this. As for giving, Mahayana Buddhism believes that "giving to him is called giving; If you benefit others, it's called giving. "It also divides charity into three types: financial charity, legal charity and fearless charity. Donating money is giving alms and helping people in need; Fabushi teaches Buddhism, breaking the mystery and enlightenment; Fearless dedication is to help others avoid fear and make them feel comfortable both physically and mentally. Buddhism not only gives alms, but also stresses love and kindness to all beings. Love language is to persuade each other with kind words, to be close to all beings with equality, and to educate them at will; Doing good is doing all kinds of good deeds that benefit all beings. In other words, Buddhists should become attached to all sentient beings, help each other in the same boat, share weal and woe, gradually guide them to do good in Xiu De, and exhort all Buddhists to "do evil and do good" so that all sentient beings can hardly escape from the world. This spirit of self-interest, altruism and self-consciousness is not only instructive to monks and nuns at home, but also binding on secular ethics and public opinion, making people kind and kind. Over time, charity poverty alleviation has become a social fashion and an important part of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Based on the above-mentioned view of good and evil, China Buddhism also put forward the theory of karma, also known as "Karma Theory", which aims at persuading the good to turn the vulgar. Buddhism believes that there are three kinds of karma: one is karma, the other is good and evil, and the third is suffering. The second generation newspaper, homework in this life, fruit in the next life. After three reports, or in this life, it will be admitted by hundreds of classmates. "The potential power of good and evil behavior continues in time and space, giving birth to a kind of' karma', which will bring karma for good or evil, or bitterness or pleasure, from the past life to the present and to the afterlife, thus forming a karma cycle between good karma and bad karma. This theory of causal reincarnation gives people such ethical enlightenment: cultivate goodness in this life and ascend to heaven in the next life; Do evil in this life and fall into hell in the next. From this point of view, Buddhism's theory of karma is unique, which is different from Taoism's "burden theory" and Confucianism's "accumulate virtue in Qing Yu, accumulate evil and make more disasters". "Taking responsibility" means that one person does evil and harms future generations; One person does good and benefits future generations, covering five generations. The Confucian thought of "accumulating good things in Qing Yu, accumulating evil things" is a one-way retribution theory, which is limited to a person's life. The Buddhist karmic theory is the karmic reincarnation of past lives in the afterlife, which has its theoretical flexibility. Buddhism's theory of karma samsara, once introduced to China, was in tune with China's long-standing thought of "accumulating good things in Qing Yu and evil things in other places", thus enriching the theory of retribution for good and evil. Dumping money and being kind, its merits are as loose as a platform and as long as rivers and seas. Good people deserve no reward, and evil people deserve disaster. If you don't plant rice, you will get wheat. If you do a disaster, you will get happiness. "The result theory of good and evil like this is very popular, and Buddhist scriptures are everywhere, which is more easily accepted by the lower classes and convenient for doing good. Buddhism's theory of karma permeates the social ethical life, arousing many people's moral consciousness and self-discipline consciousness, making people realize that "good and evil are rewarded, I know what I do" and that "it is necessary to be virtuous and benevolent to think clearly about the cause and effect". In a sense, the theory of karma standardizes people's good and evil behaviors with greater deterrence, and further enriches the ethical concept of China's civil society. For example, "saving a life is better than creating a seven-level floating picture" and "putting down the butcher knife to become a Buddha" are well known to all women and children. For fear of suffering in the afterlife, people pay attention to self-cultivation, build good relations, accumulate good deeds as much as possible, and actively participate in activities such as building bridges and roads, so that folk charity activities and social welfare undertakings can continue. The concept of compassion is the core of Buddhist teachings and the most important content in the origin of Buddhist charity. In Sanskrit, "kindness" contains pure love, and "sadness" means pity and sympathy. For those who believe in Buddhism, if they want to become a holy Buddha, they must have compassion, give others happiness with compassion, and relieve people's pain with compassion. Buddhism further talks about "great compassion" and extends compassion to infinity and all sentient beings. " The Theory of Generosity and Wisdom says: "Great kindness delights all sentient beings, and great compassion pulls out the sufferings of all sentient beings. Compassion and compassion share happiness with all living beings, and great compassion and all living beings share suffering. "The Buddha's compassion is profound, pure, unpolluted and regards all beings as one. The Dabao Sutra says, "Love all beings as your own", and knowing their sufferings is like suffering, it produces the bodhisattva personality that "all beings do their best to be enlightened, and hell is not empty, and they will never become Buddhas". If Buddhists want to get rid of reincarnation and leave the three realms, they must be merciful, be kind to all sentient beings, practice the righteousness of' being happy and suffering', and benefit all sentient beings. " "Dabaojijing" says: "I can serve the great interests of all beings, and my heart is not tired." "Everyone is sentient beings, and so on. "The altruistic spirit of Buddhism that doesn't give up the world and all sentient beings is also revealed in the Goblet of Fire:" Great kindness and great compassion, constant pursuit of good deeds, all benefits. "Therefore, Buddhist monks are full of great compassion and regard relief, pension, nursing and medical care as the externalization of compassion. At the same time, we always treat all sentient beings with "compassion and joy", exhort the world to be merciful and willing to save the world with a broad mind, and do good deeds and protect Kubote. To sum up, we believe that China's localized Buddhism has actually become an ethical religion to persuade people to stop evil and do good, and avoid evil and do good. It takes promoting good to stop evil and turning evil into good as the main purpose of Buddhism, and demands that all evil be eliminated and all good be cultivated. This is to standardize people's psychological motivation and behavior tendency on the ethical value level of charity, to urge people to reflect on themselves in social life and personal life, to overcome selfish desires, to get rid of evil and to be good, and to cultivate noble personality sentiments. Under the influence of Buddhist charity and secular morality, Buddhist disciples take compassion as the head, care for others and care about the sufferings of all beings, and are willing to be a bridge for ten people and get rid of everything. In this way, the charitable ethical feelings of Buddhism have the same meaning as the benevolence and benevolence of Confucianism. Perhaps so, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, even in the feudal prosperous times when Confucianism dominated, Buddhism can absorb Confucianism and develop into Buddhism, realizing the blending of Confucianism and Buddhism. During the Republic of China, a philanthropist commented on this: "The prosperity of Confucianism lies in Buddhism. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism spread to each other and became a custom for thousands of years. "From this, it is not difficult for us to understand that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was often to integrate the charitable thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, vigorously promote good deeds to ordinary people, or persuade donations, thus forming a benevolent wind.