Through careful analysis of the achievements of rural road construction in our city, comprehensively analyze the quality of rural road construction, accurately evaluate the overall level of construction quality, find out the problems existing in quality, management and maintenance, and carefully analyze the main reasons for the problems. In the management of rural highway construction, the problems of cement concrete pavement in rural roads and village roads are more prominent.
First, rural highway construction quality management
1, Main Problems of Cement Concrete Pavement Quality of Rural Highway
1. 1 construction units are mixed: at present, most rural roads in our city are mainly implemented in towns and villages, and the construction scale is relatively scattered, so some construction units with strong strength and quality awareness are reluctant to come in; Therefore, most of the bidding construction units are small, and their quality awareness is not strong, which is also a difficult point in rural highway construction management, and some problems are inevitable.
1.2 The mix design is not standardized: the mix design of cement concrete pavement should be done well according to the construction specifications and construction materials, so as to achieve the optimal dosage of coarse and fine aggregate, cement and water. The specifications also require that the cement label should be at least 42.5, and the dosage should be about 300 ~ 350 kg/m3; However, some construction units did not pay serious attention to the mix design, and used 32.5 grade cement or reduced the dosage of cement to reduce the cost, or increased the dosage of fine aggregate to facilitate the construction; In addition, compressive strength is used instead of bending tensile strength in the design.
1.3 The mix proportion is not carefully implemented in the construction: in the construction of cement concrete pavement, many construction units still use self-falling drum mixers, so it is impossible to carry out electronic measurement, and the dosage of cement, gravel, sand and water in the construction is very random, so it is impossible to guarantee the mixing time and carry out the construction according to the mix proportion; In order to save costs, some construction units may also deliberately cut corners, so the quality of concrete cannot be guaranteed, and the large dispersion during inspection can also explain this problem.
1.4 Irregularities in the construction process: due to the uneven strength and quality awareness of the construction unit, many irregularities were found in the inspection during the construction process; For example: ① After the formwork is erected, the basic inspection is not good, the basic level is uneven, the thickness is different, and the width of the formwork is always less; (2) In order to save concrete consumption, before construction, a layer of stones should be laid on the base to replace the thickness. In fact, sometimes the unconsolidation at the bottom of the core is not caused by unconsolidation vibration, but by stone distribution; (3) insufficient vibrating time, vibration leakage and insufficient vibrating equipment. Generally, concrete comes at a faster speed during construction, and sometimes there will be insufficient vibrating time or vibration leakage or vibration is not in place in the middle; Some even use flat vibrator instead of plug-in vibrator, which will inevitably cause the lower part to be not dense; (4) In order to better seal the surface, the surface concrete likes to use mortar or increase the amount of fine aggregate, which will cause sand exposure on the surface, and some will cause surface cracking due to different shrinkage of upper and lower concrete.
1.5 Non-standard joint cutting maintenance: the joint cutting time of cement concrete pavement should be determined according to the temperature, and the sooner the joint is cut, the better. At present, the common problem is that due to the problems of people, electricity and slotting equipment, the slotting is not timely, which leads to irregular early cracks in the cement board; Generally, it is required to cover with water or curing agent when the traffic is closed. The existing problems are generally that the health care is not in place, mainly because the coverage time is not enough, no one can replenish water in time when the covering material is dry, and the traffic is opened too early.
1.6 ancillary facilities can't keep up: at present, soil cultivation in ancillary facilities is not implemented until people have time in winter, even after road construction is completed for several years. Although some have been implemented, but the implementation is not in place, there are many projects with insufficient width, height and density; A lot of greening depends on the original greening, and there are not many new greening, and the new greening is not managed in place at ordinary times, and there are many deaths, wilts and losses.
2. Measures to improve construction quality
From the analysis of the problems existing in cement pavement construction at present, most of them are mainly caused by people's neglect of quality consciousness and subjective thoughts, such as the design and implementation of mixture ratio, water cement ratio, joint cutting and curing. Many problems can be reduced or avoided by mandatory requirements or improving management level. Here, through the construction management experience of rural roads in recent years, this paper analyzes how to improve the construction quality.
2. 1 Improve the level of managers at all levels: At present, because most rural roads are mainly implemented by towns and villages, rural roads have a wide range and a large number, and there are few people in the transportation department. They mainly rely on towns and villages for management, but the township personnel are not professional and do not know much about the quality of the project; Therefore, it is necessary to increase business training for grass-roots managers and teach them the key points of project quality control. In fact, project quality control is not a very complicated matter. The key is to manage good people and avoid many problems.
2.2 play a supervisory role: rural roads are actually supervised by supervision units, but may be more like construction units. Good supervision units are unwilling to come in, and the quantity and quality of supervision personnel are not well guaranteed, mainly relying on the quality of the construction unit itself; Therefore, in the bidding process, we can invite some supervision units with strong strength and good reputation, and make clear the requirements for personnel and quality in the bidding process. Of course, the supervision fee should comprehensively consider the actual situation of rural roads; Only in this way can we pay close attention to supervision in the construction process and take the construction quality as the most important index of supervision assessment.
2.3 Strengthen the mix proportion control: after the construction unit declares the mix proportion, the supervision unit and the laboratory of the transportation department must strictly verify it. Once the mix proportion is determined, it should be strictly implemented. When the materials change halfway, the construction unit should redesign the mix proportion, otherwise the construction may not continue; In the process of construction, strengthen the inspection of the implementation of the mixture ratio, carry out the construction in strict accordance with the approved mixture ratio, and do not adjust any material at will.
2.4 Mixing equipment: intermittent forced mixer with automatic weighing and computer control is preferred, which can be specified in the bidding process; For some projects that really cannot use forced mixers, it is necessary to supervise the whole construction process. The amount of sand and gravel can be marked with trolleys in advance, which should be strictly implemented during construction. Slump should be checked regularly. Concrete with disproportionate dosage or unqualified slump should be resolutely treated as waste and not allowed to go to the project.
2.5 Strengthen control before and during construction: carefully check the problems mentioned in 1.4 before construction. If there are problems in the inspection process or the rectification is not in place, pouring cannot be agreed; In the process of construction, someone should supervise the whole process and rectify the problems immediately when they are found. If there is a big problem or the site does not listen to the command, the construction should be stopped, and the construction unit should report the rectification measures in time, and the construction can continue only after the inspection is in place.
2.6 Timely seam cutting and maintenance: Before construction, check whether the seam cutting equipment and power supply of the construction unit can meet the requirements of timely seam cutting. If it can't meet the requirements of concrete, it can't be poured. After the completion of pouring, the concrete pavement shall be slit in time according to the weather conditions, and there shall be no self-cracking caused by untimely slit. In addition, the seam should be filled in time after the seam cutting is completed, and the seam washing can be omitted just after the seam cutting; Curing should be carried out in time after the final setting of concrete, and checked at any time. The curing time should reach a certain time according to the temperature at that time. During the maintenance period, we should also pay attention to the fact that traffic must not be opened to avoid damage to the pavement when the intensity is not reached.
2.7 Improve ancillary facilities in time: First of all, we should improve the understanding of the impact of ancillary facilities on the use of concrete pavement, and the effect of soil greening on the use of pavement is also obvious. Soil reclamation and greening can well prevent rain from washing the subgrade and preventing rain from entering the subgrade. Once the rain enters the subgrade and pavement, diseases will soon appear, greatly shortening the service life of the road; In addition, planting soil and greening also plays a certain role in driving safety, and there are often accidents in which vehicles roll over because there is no planting soil; Therefore, after the completion of pavement construction, it is necessary to organize personnel to improve the ancillary facilities in time, and there should also be special personnel to manage and maintain the ancillary facilities at ordinary times, which can be completed together with pavement maintenance.
Second, the management and maintenance of rural roads
With the rapid development of rural highway construction, the contradiction between the rapid increase of rural highway mileage and the lag of rural highway management and maintenance is becoming more and more prominent. The main body of management and protection is unclear, the responsibility is not implemented, the maintenance funds lack stable channels, the investment is seriously insufficient, the maintenance mechanism is not perfect, the vitality is insufficient, and the maintenance quality is not high. These problems not only affect the traffic of vehicles, but also bring hidden dangers to the property safety of the country and people, which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of rural roads. Therefore, the broad masses of the people are eager for the country to introduce rural highway maintenance management measures as soon as possible.
To solve the problem of rural highway maintenance, we must take effective measures to implement it, strengthen highway maintenance technology, and adopt new technologies and new processes for highway maintenance. In view of the current rural highway maintenance, people's awareness of loving and protecting roads is not strong, the management and maintenance mechanism is not perfect, and the maintenance technology is backward. , the following maintenance measures can be taken:
(1) Governments at all levels should not only establish their own conservation awareness, but also establish the conservation awareness of farmers, gradually establish and improve the new maintenance mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of rural roads, and improve the maintenance quality and management level;
(2) Each township can set up a local professional maintenance team, organize local people to carry out professional training in maintenance technology, and improve the level of maintenance technology;
(3) Increase the investment in maintenance funds. The state should determine the maintenance funds according to the actual needs of road maintenance such as road type, road width, traffic volume, economic conditions in the region and road service life. Instead of using a single highway classification model to determine maintenance funds;
(4) Adhere to the principle of "villagers support themselves" and arrange maintenance personnel according to the road use. Generally, individual contract maintenance can be adopted for crossing village roads, which can not only reduce maintenance costs, but also increase income for local people;
(5) government leaders can also carry out maintenance quality inspection and appraisal activities, implement the maintenance quality reward and punishment system, and implement the responsibility to individuals.
(6) Township rural highway offices shall, in accordance with the principle of "prevention first, combination of prevention and control, and comprehensive maintenance", be fully responsible for the maintenance and management of highways within their respective jurisdictions, and assist the road administration departments to do a good job in protecting the rights and interests of road property to prevent the occurrence of road damage.
(7) Establish and improve the assessment mechanism of maintenance management, increase the assessment and rewards and punishments, mobilize the enthusiasm of maintenance management, and promote maintenance management to a new level.
(8) Broaden the channels of maintenance funds and raise maintenance funds by combining superior subsidies with local self-financing. Local rural highway management and maintenance funds should be included in the county (city, district) financial budget and township financial budget; At the same time, it can be raised by villagers' "one thing, one discussion", subsidies from beneficiary units along the line, donations from people from all walks of life, and auctions of forest lease rights along the road.
(9) Formulate a scientific mechanism to attract, train and manage maintenance talents, provide good talent support for the quality of rural road management and maintenance, and provide a strong guarantee for the scientific and sustainable development of rural road management and maintenance.
Third, the conclusion
Rural highway is a project that benefits the people. Its construction quality is related to the safety and smoothness of rural roads, the investment benefit of rural roads, the image of the party and the government, and the vital interests of farmers. Rural highway construction must be based on highway engineering technical standards, strengthen technical guidance and quality supervision, ensure the quality of rural highway construction and improve economic benefits. The low level of rural highway construction and insufficient funds do not mean poor quality and short service life. More importantly, limited funds should be used to improve pavement performance and service life as much as possible, so that rural highway construction projects can truly become "popular projects". At the same time, we should adhere to the principle of "paying equal attention to construction and maintenance, paying attention to strengthening responsibility, perfecting system and implementing funds", consolidate the achievements of rural road construction, strengthen the standardization, standardization and scientificity of rural road management and maintenance, and make rural roads truly "smooth, clean, green, beautiful, safe and excellent", and develop rapidly and well, adding beauty to the new socialist countryside.
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