Physiological characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people
Respiratory system changes: the respiratory system function of middle-aged and elderly people is reduced, which is characterized by the decrease of lung ventilation and vital capacity, the increase of lung residual capacity and the decrease of arterial oxygen content.
Changes in the circulatory system: The structure and function of the heart and blood vessels gradually decline, resulting in a decrease in circulating blood volume, which easily leads to ischemic changes in other organs.
Changes in digestive system: the secretion of various digestive juices in middle-aged and elderly people is reduced, teeth and periodontal tissues are degraded, gastrointestinal peristalsis function is obviously reduced, and intestinal juice secretion is reduced, which is easy to cause malnutrition, constipation, gingivitis, gallstones, digestive dysfunction and other diseases.
Urinary system changes: the kidney gradually shrinks and becomes smaller, the number of glomeruli decreases, renal arteriosclerosis and glomerular filtration rate decrease, resulting in decreased renal function, such as polyuria, frequent nocturia, edema, urinary incontinence, urgency, frequent urination or increased nocturia.
Changes in the endocrine system: the weight of endocrine organs such as pituitary, thyroid and adrenal gland in human body is reduced, the endocrine glands in thymus, testis and ovary are atrophied, and the hormone level in the body is decreased. Susceptible to diabetes, menopausal syndrome and sexual dysfunction.
Nervous system changes: the nervous system declines, the weight of the brain is gradually reduced, and the number of brain cells is obviously reduced. In addition, the physiological functions of the central and peripheral nerves also decreased. It can lead to facial paralysis, memory loss, fatigue and even Alzheimer's disease.
Maigu Bian Xiao concluded that aging is a universal, progressive and progressive process in human life and an inevitable law of natural development.
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Lung cancer, a common respiratory disease in middle-aged and elderly people.
Symptoms: persistent irritating cough, chest tightness or chest pain, wheezing, expectoration or blood in sputum, or blood sputum, and gradually wasting away.
Treatment: At present, lung cancer is mainly treated by surgery. Radiotherapy can locally eliminate lung cancer lesions.
Prevention: To reduce the mortality rate of lung cancer in the elderly, we must strengthen effective public health measures to prevent smoking, and the most important preventive measure is to prevent young people from smoking.
Dietary principle: Pay attention to a light diet and eat more green leafy vegetables, high-quality protein and other foods; Can supplement enteral nutrition drugs, such as universal and energy. Pay attention to a balanced diet and eat fish, shrimp and meat reasonably. More+.
pneumonectasis
Symptoms: there is no abnormality in the early stage, and the intercostal space is often widened. In severe cases, "barrel chest" can be seen.
Treatment: Medical intervention mainly includes prevention (such as quitting smoking), drug therapy, rehabilitation training, exercise and oxygen therapy. Surgical treatment mainly includes resection of giant pulmonary bullae, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation.
Prevention: Quitting smoking and actively preventing respiratory infection are the main measures to prevent emphysema.
Dietary principle: it is advisable to eat anti-inflammatory and antibacterial food; It is advisable to eat foods that enhance immunity; It is advisable to eat foods rich in dietary fiber and easy to digest and absorb, and avoid coffee, strong tea and spicy and greasy foods. More+.
Pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cor pulmonale, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, long-term cough and senile asthma are more+
Middle-aged and elderly people with cardiovascular diseases have arteriosclerosis.
Symptoms: Most of them have no specific symptoms and may have mental and physical decline. Signs can be seen that blood pressure rises and pulse pressure rises.
Treatment: the course of disease is long and the development is slow, so the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine should be adopted.
Prevention: actively control related chronic diseases; People over 40 years old should especially prevent overweight or obesity; Carry out appropriate physical labor and physical exercise.
Dietary principle: avoid eating too much food with high animal fat and cholesterol; Prohibit overeating, advocate light diet and limit salt intake; Advocate not smoking or drinking. More+.
Hypertension in the elderly
Symptoms: dizziness, headache, tinnitus, neck discomfort, memory loss, inattention, insomnia.
Treatment: Choose appropriate antihypertensive drugs according to the individual characteristics, combined diseases and combined medication of elderly patients, and actively intervene other cardiovascular risk factors while steadily and effectively lowering blood pressure.
Prevention: quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke; Abstain from drinking or limit drinking; Exercise regularly and moderately to control your weight.
Dietary principle: reduce the intake of sodium salt; Adjust the diet structure, control the total calorie intake, and intake a variety of fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, bean products, coarse grains, skim milk, etc. More+.
Elderly coronary heart disease elderly angina pectoris elderly myocardial infarction elderly heart failure elderly hypotension elderly arrhythmia elderly heart disease cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases elderly sudden cardiac death more+
Digestive system diseases and dyspepsia in middle-aged and elderly people
Symptoms: This is one of the common diseases of middle-aged and elderly people. The main symptoms are abdominal pain or burning sensation, fullness in the upper abdomen and early satiety after meals, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as loss of appetite, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting.
Treatment: promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis; Acid suppression therapy; Gastric mucosal protection; Help digestion; Eradication of helicobacter pylori treatment; Anti-depression or anti-anxiety treatment.
Prevention: establish good living habits, strengthen physical exercise, and pay special attention to keeping a happy mood.
Dietary principles: avoid greasy and irritating food, quit smoking and drinking, develop good living habits, and avoid overeating and overeating before going to bed; You can take the method of eating less and eating more meals. More+.
chronic gastritis
Symptoms: The elderly are insensitive, with mild symptoms and no specificity, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, belching and fatigue. Often confused with other digestive system diseases.
Treatment: general treatment; Eradication of Hp, acid suppression or anti-acid treatment, use of mucosal protective agents and gastric motility enhancers; Severe cases need immediate gastroscopy and pathological review, and if necessary, surgery or endoscopic local treatment.
Prevention: patients with acute gastritis should be treated in time, and drugs with strong irritation to gastric mucosa should not be used or used with caution; Actively treat oral diseases and chronic respiratory infections; Appropriate supplementation of vitamin B 12 and trace elements such as zinc and selenium.
Dietary principle: eat nutritious and digestible food, eat a small amount of food, do not overeat, avoid rough and irritating food, do not eat overheated food that is easy to ferment and produce gas, and develop the habit of chewing slowly. More+.
Liver cirrhosis fatty liver pancreatic cancer elderly peptic ulcer elderly cholecystitis elderly constipation elderly colorectal cancer more+
Nervous system diseases and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged and elderly people
Symptoms: Indifference, reticence, slow response and forgetfulness can be seen in the light; What's more, they are silent all day, or live alone behind closed doors, or mutter to themselves, their words are upside down, their behavior is abnormal, they laugh and cry, or they don't want to eat, and they don't know how to be hungry for days.
Treatment: the treatment should be based on relieving depression and resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation and resuscitation, calming the liver and purging fire, tonifying deficiency and strengthening the body resistance, strengthening the brain and nourishing the heart. In addition, the training and exercise of empathy, intelligence and function should not be underestimated at the same time as drug treatment.
Prevention: psychological adjustment, intelligent training, diet and daily life adjustment; Participate in social activities, or practice Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan, etc. , in order to avoid excessive indulgence.
Dietary principle: 5 1 Dong Shibian Xiao suggested that we should form regular living habits, eat light diet, eat less fat and sweetness, eat more dietotherapy products with kidney-tonifying and essence-invigorating effects, such as walnuts, black sesame seeds and yam, and quit smoking and drinking. More+.
stroke
Symptoms: sudden fainting, unconsciousness, hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew, and unfavorable language.
Treatment: calming the liver and calming the wind, resolving phlegm, removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals are the main methods, and drugs are combined with acupuncture treatment.
Prevention: Pay more attention to the history of dizziness, headache and palpitation. Keep a happy mood, live a regular life, eat moderately, avoid fatigue, prevent stroke and recover.
Dietary principle: usually eat light and digestible food, avoid greasy, sweet, spicy and irritating food, and ban alcohol. More+.
Parkinson's disease climacteric syndrome cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage cerebral palsy cerebral embolism senile depression senile insomnia senile lethargy+
Prostatitis in middle-aged and elderly patients with reproductive and urinary diseases
Symptoms: The onset of type I prostatitis is generally acute, characterized by high fever and chills accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, dysuria and perineal pain; The onset of type II and III prostatitis is slow, and it is often frequent micturition, urgency, dysuria, incomplete micturition and dribbling.
Treatment: type ⅰ prostatitis is given systemic support treatment, bed rest, plenty of water, antipyretic and analgesic; Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ A prostatitis should be treated with enough sensitive antibiotics for at least 6 weeks.
Prevention: hot water sitz bath, every night 1 time; Pay attention to personal hygiene, take a bath frequently and change underwear frequently; Avoid holding your urine for a long time, keep warm and strengthen physical exercise.
Dietary principle: patients should abstain from alcohol and avoid spicy food; Drink plenty of water and choose a high-protein, vitamin-rich and digestible diet. More+.
Senile urinary incontinence
Symptoms: frequent urination, urgency and increased nocturia. When he urinates strongly, he can't stand it and can't help leaking urine.
Treatment: pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback, bladder training, drug therapy and other non-surgical treatments; Filling injection, artificial urethral sphincter implantation, residual prostate resection, tension-free middle urethral suspension and other surgical treatments.
Prevention: actively train and strengthen the contractility of pelvic floor muscles, use toilets regularly, and establish regular urination habits; Drink more water to promote micturition reflex.
Diet principle: don't drink coffee, lose weight and quit smoking. More+.
Prostatic hypertrophy, urethral calculus, senile vaginitis, senile urethritis, uremia, gynecological inflammation of middle-aged and elderly people, uterine prolapse, endometrial cancer, uterine bleeding, hysteromyoma and breast cancer.
Metabolic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people, senile diabetes
Symptoms: the onset is hidden. In the early stage, there were few manifestations of "drinking more, urinating more, eating more and wasting away", and there were not many urine sugars, which were often complicated with various metabolic disorders.
Treatment: The basic treatment of diabetes includes diabetes education, diet and exercise therapy, and diabetes education is recognized as an important measure to improve the level of diabetes. Oral hypoglycemic agents; Subcutaneous injection of hypoglycemic drugs;
Prevention: early screening, early evaluation and early lifestyle intervention can reduce the occurrence of diabetes.
Dietary principles: ensure the required calorie supply, reasonable dietary structure (appropriately limit sweets, eat more foods with high energy density, rich dietary fiber and low glycemic index) and dining methods (eat less and eat more meals, chew slowly, and then eat staple food). More+.
gout
Symptoms: Elevated serum uric acid, recurrent acute arthritis, tophi and joint deformity, uric acid kidney calculi, glomerulus, renal tubules, renal interstitial and vascular nephropathy.
Treatment: external treatment such as plaster, powder and medicinal liquor; Other therapies include acupuncture, symptomatic treatment and kidney disease treatment.
Prevention: always pay attention to wind, cold and moisture, and avoid living in wet places. It is not cold when the wind is greedy, but it is cold after taking a hot bath; At ordinary times, physical exercise should be strengthened to enhance physical fitness; Use drugs that affect uric acid excretion with caution to prevent and treat accompanying diseases.
Dietary principles: low-purine and low-energy diet, abstinence, drinking more water and drinking more than 2000mL every day. More+.
Obesity, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and osteoporosis are mostly anemia+
Lumbar disc herniation in middle-aged and elderly people with osteoarthrosis
Symptoms: low back pain and sciatica, lower abdominal pain or front thigh pain, numbness of lower limbs, intermittent claudication, cauda equina syndrome, muscle paralysis.
Treatment: Non-surgical treatment includes traction, massage, massage, pain point blocking therapy and epidural steroid injection therapy; Surgical treatment includes classical posterior fenestration of nucleus pulposus and artificial disc replacement.
Prevention: Reduce the waist load, strengthen the functional training of back muscles, prevent constipation, and correct sitting posture can avoid waist injury. Avoid excessive collision during exercise. Freestyle, backstroke and cycling are all beneficial to the exercise of waist muscles.
Dietary principle: don't drink alcohol, eat more foods that nourish liver and kidney; Drink plenty of water; Eat more fiber-rich and digestible foods. More+.
rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms: morning stiffness, joint deformity, joint swelling, joint pain and tenderness.
Treatment: glucocorticoid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, DMARD and biological agents.
Prevention: Pay attention to the weather changes in life, increase or decrease clothes in time to avoid catching a cold; Women should pay attention to personal hygiene, avoid holding urine and reduce urinary tract infection; Pay attention to joint protection in daily life.
Dietary principle: avoid cold and irritating diet; Reduce fat intake and properly consume a diet rich in high quality, high protein and vitamins; Pay attention to weight control and protect the weight-bearing joints; Intake of fish oil can relieve joint symptoms. More+.
Cervical spondylosis, lumbar spondylosis, hyperosteogeny, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic lumbago and leg pain, more+
Seborrheic keratosis in middle-aged and elderly skin diseases
Symptoms: There are slightly raised, round, light brown to black warty papules or plaques in the lesion.
Treatment: external use of Wu Miao Shuixian ointment; Ionization, microwave, cryotherapy and frequency doubling pulsed laser can be used.
Prevention: avoid exposure to the sun for a long time, wear a hat or umbrella when going out, or use sunscreen; To prevent dry skin, often use moisturizing and hydrating skin care products.
Dietary principles: do not eat irritating food, limit alcohol, eat more vegetables, and keep the stool unobstructed; Eat more foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbages and radishes. More+.
senile pruritus
Symptoms: accompanied by primary rash, such as dry skin, desquamation, erythema, papules, blisters, erosion and exudation. , or no obvious rash, or only scratches, thick skin, pigmentation.
Treatment: including general treatment, local treatment, systemic medication, phototherapy and psychotherapy.
Prevention: Bathing in winter should not be too frequent. After bathing, you can use a cream with moisturizing, skin care and water evaporation effects. Avoid scratching or rubbing, scalding by hot water and other mechanical stimuli, and avoid using strong alkaline soap; Wear soft and wide cotton underwear.
Dietary principles: eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, drink more water, have a light diet, and avoid drinking alcohol and eating spicy food. More+.
Sebum deficiency eczema senile plaque chondrofibroma sebaceous gland hyperplasia senile hemangioma squamous cell carcinoma keratoacanthoma actinic keratosis herpes zoster senile leukoplakia senile purpura alopecia onychomycosis love sweating elderly taste more+
Senile glaucoma caused by facial diseases in middle-aged and elderly people
Symptoms: Occasional severe eye pain, decreased vision, conjunctival mixed congestion, corneal opacity and persistent high intraocular pressure, characterized by severe headache and eye pain, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other systemic symptoms.
Treatment: medication, such as mydriatic, dehydrating agent, adjuvant therapy, etc. Surgical treatment.
Prevention: ensure adequate sleep, pay attention to diet and eye hygiene to prevent visual fatigue; Pay attention to keep warm, prevent colds, and keep the stool unobstructed.
Dietary principle: eat nutritious and digestible food, do not eat irritating food, avoid smoking, wine and strong tea, and do not drink a lot of water 1 time. More+.
deaf
Symptoms: hearing loss on one or both sides, ranging from unclear hearing to complete hearing loss.
Treatment: Acupuncture therapy, such as body acupuncture, auricular point sticking, acupoint injection, acupoint sticking, drumming, battlements and tympanic membrane massage.
Prevention: Avoid using ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and loop diuretics (such as furosemide and uric acid). If you have to use it because of illness, you should closely monitor the hearing changes; Avoiding noise stimulation is helpful to reduce the occurrence of deafness; Avoiding staying up late and actively treating insomnia will help prevent deafness.
Dietary principles: Eat moderately, quit smoking and drinking, supplement trace elements such as zinc, iron and calcium, and eat more marine fish and fresh shellfish. More+.
Cataract glaucoma presbyopia macular degeneration dry eye tooth problems hearing loss more+
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