Orchids bloom once a year. The maintenance and management of orchids is "planting three points and raising seven points", which is the experience of the ancients in raising orchids. The quality of conservation is related to whether orchids flourish or not, so it is reasonable for predecessors to attach great importance to this. The following details the maintenance and management methods of orchids. First, the place where orchids are placed is very important, which directly affects the growth and development of orchids. Orchids are generally placed in the open field in spring, summer and autumn (in the open shade in summer) and indoors in winter. It is best to be outdoors in an open and humid place. There should be enough light indoors, preferably facing south. In this way, it is beneficial to orchid growth. It's best to put the basin on a wooden frame or table, not on the ground. Second, shading orchids are mostly semi-negative plants, and most varieties are afraid of direct sunlight and need proper shading. Orchids can get more sunshine to promote their growth in April and mid-April. Appropriate shade should be provided after the end of April. Erect leaf varieties from Xia Lan and Qiu Lan are best placed in the cool south to get more sunshine. Qiu Lan and Chunlan with drooping leaves should be exposed to the sun for two hours every day. Shade early every day from the beginning of the earth to September. If a reed curtain is used, a dense curtain or two-layer thin curtain can be used. /kloc-After 0/0, the weather turns cold and the sunshine is weak, so the shading of vegetables can be postponed, but we still need to pay attention to the shading work around noon. Third, rainproof orchids can rain lightly, but avoid mildew rain, showers or even rainy days. In the rainy season, it is particularly necessary to do a good job of rain protection. There are frequent showers from the end of the month to mid-September. If it rains for a short time and the rainfall is small, water it more at night to discharge the hot air in the basin, otherwise it will damage the orchid and even rot its roots and die. If the sun shines after the rain, it should be shaded in time to avoid the influence of the rising heat on the growth of orchids. The rainy season is the stage when orchids grow leaves. If the pot soil is too warm, it will lead to bad growth of leaves or cause diseases. At this time, a small amount of plant ash can be sprinkled to adjust the humidity of the basin soil. Fourth, the proverb of watering flowers says: "Dry orchids wet chrysanthemums" has a certain truth. Generally speaking, orchids are best to be eight points dry and two points wet. If it is too wet, it is easy to make flowers rot and die. The principle of watering should be: water when it is dry, stop when it is wet, and dry when it is suitable. When mastering the details, it is generally necessary to pay attention to: properly water more during the growth period (the end of May-June), less or no water during the germination period (about March-April) and flowering period (about March-April), and dormant period (winter). If the flowerpot is big and the orchid plant is small, water less; if the potted plant is big, water more. Water more when the climate is hot and dry, and less or no water when it is cold and humid (such as rainy season). If the roots of orchids newly dug from the mountains are sparse or broken, they should be watered less to make the soil dry, so as to avoid root rot and be conducive to pumping new leaves. The ancients said: "Autumn is dry, winter is not wet", how can Shui Chunlan and Xia Lan sum up? But in some areas in the north, orchids are not too dry because the climate is too dry in winter and early spring. Watering time: it is advisable to water orchid leaves after sunset in summer and autumn, so that they can be dried before nightfall, or watered in the morning; It is best to water before and after sunrise in winter and spring. It is not allowed to irrigate with cold water suddenly after the sun burns, so as not to lower the soil temperature, affect the water absorption of roots and interfere with the physiological balance. The amount of watering should not be too large to inhibit the occurrence of diseases. Watering method: water should be poured from the pot, not into the bud, so as not to cause rot. The predecessors have summarized the experience of watering orchids. For example, Zhao Yu put forward different watering methods according to the 24 solar terms in the Dumen Lanyi Ji. Excerpts are as follows for your reference. However, we should pay attention to two points: first, Dumen Lanyi is based on the climate of Beijing; Second, the month in the article refers to the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar. For example, "the first month" is actually February in the Gregorian calendar. First of all, in beginning of spring, there is plenty of rain, Chunlan has blossomed, the soil should not be too dry, and the basin edge is slightly wet; Don't water the Qiu Lan Basin if it hasn't been dried to the end. Second, when the cymbidium basin is half dry (above the ground), it can be dipped in water, but it should not be too much. Qiu Lan is the same as before. Third, the vernal equinox, Chunlan has faded, avoid dampness, and moisten the basin when it is half dry. Four, Qingming, Grain Rain, don't let the soil be too dry, water it every five days. 5, long summer, LAN began to leave home, should be watered once. When the ground is full or small, the pot soil should not be too wet, the spots on the leaves are too wet, and the dead tips of new buds are too dry. Water a liter of water every four days (about drying the teacups) to make the soil moist from bottom to top. Paint, awn seeds, dry climate, be careful not to be too wet is more appropriate. Yes, on the solstice of summer, the soil should not be too dry. In case of heavy rain, you can only endure it for one day. If it rains continuously, move the pot to a ventilated place. 9. Summer heat, when the air is too wet, the soil in the basin should not be too wet. The basin should be placed in a ventilated place. If it is hot and rainy, water a liter of water every two days, and it must be aired to two-thirds of the soil in the basin, otherwise don't water it again. At A 0, the weather is hot and the soil is easy to dry to the end. It should be noted that there is only heavy rain or humidity once a day. 1 1 1. beginning of autumn and Lanzhou need water at this time, and they need to water two liters every three days to avoid the wind every second. 12. Water it once every five days so that it can come into contact with rain and dew, except smog and rain. 13. In the Millennium, Qiu Lan needs to be watered more frequently than Chunlan, but it must be wetted before it can be wetted again. 14. At the autumnal equinox, if autumn orchids have been planted, watering should be less; If there are no flowers, water a little more. Cold dew, Qiu Lan should be watered and infiltrated, and Chunlan should not be infiltrated and moistened. The first time I landed, Frost and Aunt Lan entered the room, and the watering time was changed to noon. After watering, they should be exposed for an hour or two. At the beginning of winter, just wet a layer of paint with water, about half a liter every five days. First, light snow, the greenhouse should not be warm or too wet. If it is too wet, it will lead to root rot, scarring and even withering of leaves. If the pan is not dry to the end, just moisten the soil a little. Heavy snow, Qiu Lan does not need water, Chunlan should be slightly wet, and the winter solstice is not suitable for irrigation. 2 1, slightly cold, avoid watering. 22. In the severe cold, Qiu Lan still doesn't need water, but Chunlan can be slightly moistened with water. 5. Fertilizing orchids depends on their growth. Fertilization can be applied to those who are flourishing and disease-free, and no fertilization or a small amount of fertilization can be applied to those who are not growing well. Don't use chemical fertilizer until the new roots of orchids dug from the mountains come out. They need to be cultivated for a year or two before they can be fertilized, otherwise they will die easily. Generally speaking, when the leaf buds of orchids are around 1. 5cm long in land-July, thin and decomposed liquid fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times (chemical fertilizer is not suitable), but it is not suitable in high temperature season. Let's go-apply decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer once or twice in September. Orchids planted with vegetarian heart can be smeared with plant ash leaching solution once or twice, and the effect is very good. It is best to apply fertilizer at night and water it again the next morning. A simpler way to distinguish whether orchids need fertilization is to look at the shade of leaves. Yellow and thin leaves are lack of fertilizer and should be topdressing; If the leaves are black and the tips of the leaves are burnt, it means too much fertilization, and fertilization should be stopped. Fertilizer can be made by the above methods. When applying these fertilizers, you need to add water-9 times diluted, and must not be too concentrated. When fertilizing, it should be applied to the rhizosphere of plants, and never to the leaves. Main fertilization time and date: The date of orchids is the first time, the second time, the third time and the fourth time. Orchids are prepared for spring in late June, mid-July, mid-August, early September and the fourth time, Xia Lan in late June, mid-July, mid-August, early September and the fourth time, and Qiu Lan in late June, late June, late July and mid-August. When the old leaves turn yellow, they should be cut off in time to facilitate ventilation, and the dry tips of some leaves should also be cut off. In particular, leaves damaged by pests and diseases need to be removed in time to avoid infection. When cutting off infected leaves, don't cut off diseased leaves with scissors to prevent virus infection. If the same scissors are used, they need to be disinfected. After the flower buds of rare orchids are unearthed, if there are too many flower buds, we should leave strong flower buds and remove the remaining fine flower buds. It is advisable to leave one or two buds in each pot. If there are too many buds, it will not only make the flowers bloom badly in that year, but also consume too many nutrients from the female parent, which will affect the flowers in the next year. Generally, orchids do not cut flower buds. Chunlan flowers bloom for about half a month, that is, they need to be cut; The flowers in Xia Lan should also be cut from the inflorescence one week after the last flower blooms. Precious varieties are not suitable for pollination, otherwise it will affect the next year's flowering. If it is a hybrid, it needs to be cultivated in addition to making the fruit full and mature. Seven, cold Qiu Lan should do a good job of cold protection in advance, such as the temperature at 2-3℃, can be moved into the room. Orchids in cold regions grow in the south and need to be protected from cold in advance. In spring and Xia Lan, the cold resistance is strong. If it is frozen, it should be moved indoors in time. If the room temperature can be kept at one or two℃, you can overwinter. When the room temperature drops below zero due to a severe cold current, it needs to be heated in time. Generally, it is good to keep the room from freezing. Indoor, Qiu Lan should be placed on the south side, and on the other side in spring and summer. Around noon, windows should be opened to the south and southeast for ventilation (Qiu Lan 1-2℃ is not allowed to open windows on cloudy days to prevent cold wind from blowing frostbitten leaves). Qiu Lan likes to be dry in winter, and the rest of the soil in the orchid pot should be kept moist. Eight, picking flowers For orchids that are not growing well, there are not many leaves in each cluster, or the roots are not good, you must pick flowers. For better varieties, Chunlan can properly pick one or two buds, while Xia Lan can leave one or two buds when the buds are elongated, and the rest can be picked, so that the flowers can bloom for a long time, the new leaves are pumped more, and the old leaves are not easy to die. Precious orchids should be picked in three to five days to make the leaf buds grow sturdily; When the flowers in Xia Lan grow to the highest height, they can also be cut from the pots. Nine, flood control cultivation sites, such as the surrounding open, high terrain, in summer, in case of strong winds or typhoons crossing the border, it is necessary to do a good job of windproof, so as to avoid the leaves of Xia Lan or Hanlan being broken. Ten, spray drying season, spray on the balcony where potted flowers are placed every evening, mainly to make the ground moist and increase the air humidity. Blue flowerpots should also be sprayed. Spray upward when spraying, so that the droplets are even and the leaves are moist, which can promote the orchids to grow well and the leaves are shiny. Twelve, pest control should be disinfected (exposed) to prevent disease. Orchids are most prone to white silk disease in rainy and high temperature seasons, which can be prevented by spraying Tobuzin 00 times solution or Bordeaux solution. If the condition is serious, it can release 50 times of 500- paint and spray once every-10 day. Scale insects are the most common pests and attach to the base of leaves. If scale insects are found, they should be removed in time. If we want to avoid the invasion of scale insects, we can use "1059" 2000 times solution for prevention and control from April. In order to suppress the occurrence of orchid diseases, in the selection of flowerpots, besides properly controlling the degree of dryness and wetness of the soil, more pottery pots should be used, and less glaze pots should be used. In particular, orchids newly dug from poorly growing mountains must be planted in clay pots. Doing so makes the pot soil easy to dry, which can promote the growth of orchids and reduce the incidence.