Tomb-Sweeping Day special food
Zituiyan
In the northern festival food, there is a kind of seed push swallow, named after meson push. In the Song Dynasty, people made swallows out of flour and jujube paste, strung them with wicker and hung them on the door to summon the soul of meson push, so they called them Zituiyan. Yulin in northern Shaanxi and Tomb-Sweeping Day in Yan 'an push steamed buns, also called old steamed buns, which are as big as half a catty to a catty like the helmets of ancient military commanders. Eggs or red dates are wrapped inside, with a top and flowers on the top. Flower cotton is a Four Treasures of the Study made of swallows, insects, snakes, rabbits or flour. This is for men. And women eat long shuttle buns, and unmarried women eat ground buns. Children eat noodles such as swallows, snakes and tigers, and boys like tiger buns best. This custom is still circulating today.
Youth league; Sweet green rice ball
Among the seasonal foods in the south, eating green balls from Jiangsu and Zhejiang is very distinctive. According to legend, Li Xiucheng of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was chased by the Qing army, so he dressed up as a farmer to drive cattle and plow the fields, only to escape the pursuit of the Qing army. But the Qing soldiers set up troops in the village to search. He couldn't go into the village, but he was so hungry that he asked Zhang San, a villager, to find him food. When Zhang San saw a brainwave of wormwood, he boiled wormwood, added glutinous rice, steamed green dumplings and gave them to Li Xiucheng. Cai Li is full. When it spread, it became a new food in the Qingming Festival. Later, there were many ways to make it, and it was more delicious. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, Qingming often eats red disasters.
Wet the cake
Eating wet cakes in southern Fujian is also called spring rolls and spring cakes. The method is to cut green vegetables such as bean sprouts, leeks, celery, carrots, dried beans, shredded pork and so on. As a filling, powder such as sugar powder and seaweed crisp is sprinkled and rolled into a tube.
Sazi
The real name of cold weapon originated in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Sprinkling seeds is fried pasta, which is crisp and delicious, and some sesame seeds are better. In Qi Shu Yao Min, it is said that this is a kind of rice cake. This kind of food still exists among Uighurs and Hui people in the south, north and northwest.
Qingming snail
In the south, snails are the most plump before breeding in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is known as "a snail is worth a goose in Tomb-Sweeping Day". Eating snail meat in Tomb-Sweeping Day is called picking green. After eating, throw the snail shell on the roof, saying that the rolling sound energy scared away the mice and was convenient for sericulture. You can stir-fry with shells, or you can cook and pick out snail meat for cold salad or stir-fry.
Preserve eggs
Eating eggs in Tomb-Sweeping Day is called saving eggs. There are generally two kinds of eggs: one is egg painting, in which eggs and duck eggs are cooked, and madder juice is used as dye to depict flowers on eggshells. A few days later, when the eggshell was peeled off, blue flower patterns appeared on the protein, which was really beautiful. The other is egg carving, in which eggs and duck eggs are cooked, then a pattern is drawn on the eggshell with a pen, then the whole egg is hollowed out with a knife, and then the egg white and yolk are taken out in turn. The exquisite degree of its carving is amazing, and it can be eaten and seen.
Health preservation methods in Qingming period
First, drink some chrysanthemum tea.
Before and after Qingming, you might as well drink some chrysanthemum tea. Chinese medicine believes that chrysanthemum can dispel wind and clear heat, and has the functions of calming the liver, preventing colds and lowering blood pressure. Modern pharmacological research believes that chrysanthemum has the functions of dilating coronary artery, enhancing myocardial contractility and changing myocardial ischemia.
Chrysanthemum and mulberry make tea together. Mulberry has the functions of nourishing blood, softening liver, benefiting kidney and moistening lung, and can receive the effect of nourishing liver and moistening lung. However, it must be noted that long-term use of chrysanthemum and excessive drainage will make the liver lose its nutrition and hurt the liver, so drink chrysanthemum tea in moderation.
Second, "fat" things should not be eaten more.
After beginning of spring, with the deepening of spring, the liver qi in the body became more and more abundant, reaching a peak in Tomb-Sweeping Day. As the saying goes, excessive liver qi will have adverse effects on the spleen and stomach, hinder the normal digestion and absorption of food, and also cause emotional disorder and poor circulation of qi and blood, which will lead to various diseases.
Therefore, in terms of diet, it is advisable to reduce sweetness and replenish essence, eat less "fat" foods, and eat less liver-damaging foods such as bamboo shoots and chicken. Bamboo shoots are cold, slippery, beneficial and gas-consuming. People suffer from lack of qi, and eating bamboo shoots consumes more gas, which leads to the aggravation of qi deficiency and easily leads to diseases. Clinically, it is also found that eating bamboo shoots is easy to cause cough, leading to hemoptysis and asthma recurrence. Besides not eating bamboo shoots, we should also eat less chicken. Chicken moves wind to help liver fire, causing hyperactivity of liver wood. Eating too much can easily lead to recurrence of chronic hepatitis and hypertension. You can eat more yam, tomatoes, potatoes, amaranth and other foods and fruits.
Third, patients with hypertension eat less liver-nourishing food.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is prone to hypertension, so people should reduce and eliminate abnormal emotional reactions, empathize easily and keep a good mood. For patients with hypertension, liver food is the most taboo during Tomb-Sweeping Day. We should also vigorously reduce the salt diet, put as little salt as possible when cooking, and it is advisable to be light. At the same time, we should increase the intake of potassium and eat more fruits and vegetables.
Attention should be paid to appropriateness in exercise, and Tai Ji Chuan with soft and quiet movements should be chosen as the preferred exercise method; Avoid participating in competitive activities and avoiding emotional excitement; Avoid doing weight-bearing activities, so as not to hold your breath and cause blood pressure to rise.
Fourth, go out for an outing, "moving" should be moderate.
Tomb-Sweeping Day also has some relaxing customs, such as hiking, flying kites and swinging. However, we must try our best to climb the mountain. Except for people who exercise for a long time, people are not encouraged to "move" this season. The heart rate of the elderly should not exceed 105 beats/min, and breathing should not exceed 24 beats/min. Young and middle-aged people vary from person to person.
Patients with heart disease, hypertension, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, nephritis, anemia, tuberculosis, fever, acute infection and patients in the active stage of calculus should not try to be brave and climb mountains.
Five, in advance to Qingming work and rest.
In order to make the yang grow better, people should consciously adjust their work and rest and get up early. 7: 00 to 9: 00, which is the morning time. Chinese medicine believes that the stomach meridian is the most prosperous at this time. If you don't get up early, it will lead to yang deficiency, which will turn into internal fire, disturb the heart, lungs and brain, and cause discomfort such as impatience, dry throat, dizziness and turbid eyes. Therefore, we should try our best to adjust the work and rest schedule forward, and actively engage in outdoor activities and physical exercise after getting up early, which can not only relax muscles and collaterals, dredge qi and blood, but also broaden our minds, nourish our emotions and enhance our disease resistance.
Tomb-Sweeping Day's Food Culture
In ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day had the habit of eating "baked barley porridge". According to Jingchu Chunqiu, cold food is "three days without fire, barley porridge baked". The method of this porridge is to grind barley into wheat pulp and cook it, then mix the mashed almonds, concentrate them and cut them into blocks. Pour syrup on it when eating. "soup" means syrup. This is the earliest recorded food in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
In the Book of Qi Yao Min, Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty also introduced a kind of cold food in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is called "cold food utensils", which is actually a kind of sweet bread. "Mix the water and honey. If there is no honey, cook the juice with jujube. Cattle and sheep cream is also available. It is also good to make cakes with cow and goat milk, which is crisp and beautiful. " This is also a cold food, which tastes sweet and crisp.
In the Five Dynasties, in addition to the general cold porridge cakes, the custom of making "artistic" eggs was added. Tomb-Sweeping Day's "artistic" eggs can be roughly divided into two types. One is "painting eggs", that is, dyeing eggshells in various colors, similar to today's "red eggs", but with different colors. The other is "carving eggs", which requires superb technology to carve pictures on eggshells. This kind of egg is just for enjoyment.
Today, Tomb-Sweeping Day is called the Cold Food Festival, because most of the food people eat at this time is cold food. "Cold swallow" is the traditional pasta of the Cold Food Festival. According to legend, in order to commemorate Jiexiu, who was burned to death, Jin Wengong ordered no cooking with fire for three days, so people cooked this cold food. "Cold swallow", also known as "purple-legged swallow", can still be seen among the people in the north. "Dream of China in Tokyo" records: "Jujube is made of flour, willow branches wear it, and it is inserted in the lintel, which means that the son pushes the swallow." This kind of food in Shanxi and other places is made by mixing flour with water, kneading it into the shape of a swallow, steaming it in a cage, and eating it after cooling, so it is called "cold swallow". It is put on with wicker during Qingming Festival and hung on the lintel to commemorate meson push.
There is also a kind of pasta in the south of Shanxi called Zifu. It is made by inserting an egg or a walnut into a big steamed bread, kneading the dough into the shapes of snakes, scorpions and centipedes, wrapping it around the egg, shaping it, and steaming it in a cage. On that day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, people used "Zi Fu" as a sacrifice to their ancestors. After the sacrifice, everyone shared the food. It is said that eating "Zi Fu" can bring happiness to future generations.
In Huoxian County, Shanxi Province and Jiaodong, Shandong Province, there is a kind of dough plastic food called "snake dish". Knead the dough into a one-headed snake or a two-headed snake, steam it, cool it, and take it to the ancestral grave as a sacrifice. When offering sacrifices, people hold a "snake tray" and walk around the tomb first, and then they can eat it after the sacrifice. Bite off the snakehead when eating, which means "kill the virus to avoid disaster"
Jujube cakes and prickly heat are also foods in northern Tomb-Sweeping Day, which used to be called "pushing cakes". The method is to ferment flour, knead it into dough and make it into various shapes, such as swallows, mice, snakes, or simply make it into round cakes. They are steamed in cages and eaten cold to commemorate meson push.
In the south, glutinous rice flour is generally used to make Tomb-Sweeping Day food. In Lin 'an, Zhejiang, people often mix tender lotus and wax powder to make the shape of a dog, which is called Qingming Dog when steamed. How many people in the family make a few, and everyone eats one. There is a folk saying that "eating Qingming dogs will keep you healthy all year round." It is also good luck. In Suzhou and Shanghai, there is a custom of having a reunion dinner. "Jia Qinglu" says: "Violet seeds and cooked lotus roots are sold in the market, which is the first product sacrificed to the people in Qingming Festival ... Now, if you use violet seeds and red lotus roots, you can eat them cold and still follow the legacy of banning fire." Nowadays, green balls are generally squeezed with vegetables and dyed with green glutinous powder, which contains stuffing such as bean paste; Or steamed with green mugwort and flour into mugwort dumplings, also called green dumplings. The youth league has been passed down to this day and its charm remains the same.
Today, people not only use it to sweep graves and worship ancestors tomorrow, but also can see this kind of food at ordinary daily festivals or weddings. Nowadays, this kind of "dumplings" is also sold in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In Chengdu, Sichuan, fried rice is used to make jiaozi, which is worn with thread and dyed with color. It is called Happy jiaozi. In the past, there were many shops and stalls selling happy groups outside the north gate of Chengdu to around Xi 'an. There is a poem in the Qing Dynasty's "Records of Jin Chengzhu": "Music is in front of the temple, and you are worried when you buy it in the spring suburbs." Village drama is better than Jin Shengsheng, and many people are drunk. "This should be a vivid portrayal of Happy Group.