1, orchid ramet propagation method can be carried out in spring and autumn, usually once every three years. All plants with vigorous growth and dense pseudobulb can be divided into plants, and at least 5 connected pseudobulb should be reserved in each cluster after division. Before branching, reduce irrigation to dry the basin soil. When plants are planted in a pot, the holes in the bottom of the pot are covered with broken tiles, and then coarse stones are laid, accounting for 1/5 ~ 1/4 of the depth of the pot, then coarse soil and a small amount of fine soil are placed, and then sandy loam rich in humus is planted. The planting depth should be such that pseudobulb is just buried in the soil. Leave 2cm along the edge of the basin, spread Cuiyuncao or fine stones, and finally water it. Leave it in the shade for 10 ~ 15 days, keep the soil moist, gradually reduce watering, and carry out normal maintenance.
2. Orchid sowing and propagation method Orchid seeds are very fine, and there is only one young embryo in the seed, so the germination ability is very low. In addition, the seed coat is not easy to absorb water, so it can not germinate by conventional sowing methods, and it needs to be supplemented with orchids or artificial culture medium to germinate. It is best to choose fruits that have not cracked yet for sowing. After the surface was disinfected with 75% alcohol, the seeds were taken out, soaked in 10% sodium hypochlorite for 5- 10 minutes, washed with sterile water for three times after taking out, then seeded in a culture bottle with culture medium, put in a dark culture room, kept at about 25℃, and moved to light after germination to form protocorms. It takes six months to a year from sowing to transplanting. Tissue culture has been successful, and this method can be used in places where conditions permit.
Sowing and propagation techniques of orchids;
1. The site selection requires open surroundings, good ventilation, close to the water surface, moist air and no soot pollution. Evergreen broad-leaved trees can be planted in the southwest of the site, and the canopy density should be about 0.7, which can reduce afternoon sunshine and adjust humidity and temperature.
2. Orchid seed Orchid seed is very thin, and there is only one young embryo in the seed, so the germination ability is very low. In addition, the seed coat is not easy to absorb water and can not germinate by conventional methods. Therefore, orchids or artificial culture media must be used to supply nutrients to germinate. It is best to choose the fruit without cracking when planting orchids, disinfect the surface with 75% alcohol, and then take out the seeds.
3. Orchids are divided into pots after they are full, usually every 2-3 years 1 time, and it is appropriate to divide pots from March to early April (Qiu Lan) or from 10 to165438+1mid-October (Xia Lan and Chunlan). When dividing pots, the soil should be dry. If it is wet mud, it is inconvenient to operate, and it is easy to break roots and get injured. After the mother plant is turned out, gently remove the mud.
4. The flowerpot with small mouth, deep pot and big bottom hole is more suitable for orchids. Newly dug Shan Ye seedlings must be planted in earthen pots, and they can be replaced with purple sand pots or porcelain pots after 2-3 years. First, cover the hole in the bottom of the basin with mussels and brown slices. , and thicken sand, cinder and charcoal into steamed bread, accounting for about 1/3 of the capacity. Add culture soil about 3-5 cm thick. Generally, no base fertilizer is added. Then put the orchids into the pot, arrange the roots densely, add the mixed fine soil until it is 2-3 cm away from the pot, and gently lift the orchids. The height should be based on the level of the upper end of the pseudobulb and the soil surface, not too shallow or too deep. Gently press the soil in the basin to make the soil in close contact with the roots, and then compact it around the basin with your fingers to avoid cavities when watering.
5, it is advisable to use rain or spring water, not saline-alkali water, such as tap water, water should be put on hold for a few days. Water depends on the temperature, with less water in spring and more in summer. The rainy season is when orchids grow leaves, and the soil in the basin should be slightly dry; When the weather turns cold after autumn, reduce the amount of water and keep it moist. Dry indoors in winter, reduce the number of watering, and water at noon. Orchids can get wet with light rain, but continuous rain or heavy rain is easy to rot the heart and leaves, so it is necessary to pay attention to rain protection.
6. Fertilizer and plant cake fertilizer suitable for Lanyi. Mix 4 parts of plant ash, 65,438+00 parts of bean cake and 65,438+00 parts of bone meal, put them in a jar, add water several times until the bean cake absorbs water, then seal, decompose for one year and make them into dry granules. When in use, it can be placed on the basin surface. If whole manure is used, it should be decomposed for one year, diluted with water and then used as filter residue. Generally, fertilization starts in May and stops in early autumn, so as to apply more thin fertilizer. Fertilization should be carried out at night, and 1 times water should be poured the next morning.
7. Except in early spring and winter, shading and cold protection should be placed under the open-air shed. Shade shed needs good ventilation. Orchids can get more sunshine when they just leave home in March and April, and then the shading time will gradually increase. In winter, orchids should be moved indoors for cold protection, and the room temperature should be kept at 1 ~ 2℃. In addition, orchids should pay attention to frost prevention after leaving the house in spring and before entering the house in autumn.