1. Diet therapy For all diabetic patients, reasonable diet control is the most basic and important treatment. People with diabetes must control their diet for life.
● Control the total heat
Diet control is not only the control of staple food, but also the comprehensive control of non-staple food, especially foods with high calories such as meat and fat, and at the same time, it is necessary to enable patients to achieve and maintain their ideal weight.
● Reasonable arrangement of various nutrients.
Fat and oil should provide 20%-25% of the total dietary calories, of which less than 30% should come from saturated fat. 55%-65% of total calories should come from carbohydrates, which should contain various components and high content of soluble cellulose. You should eat more vegetables and coarse rice flour products every day instead of refined carbohydrates. Protein should not consume too much-no more than 15% of the total calories. The diet should be light and the salt should be limited to 10g/ day.
● A small amount of meals.
A small amount of meals is a good eating habit of patients, and the choice of food can be decided according to different food varieties and eating habits in different places. Specifically, there should be no less than three meals a day and no more than two meals a day. It is better to eat one more meal.
● Drink less and don't smoke.
Drinking alcohol should be moderate, so as not to affect normal eating and cause bad symptoms. People with diabetes should absolutely ban smoking.
2. Exercise therapy Regular exercise can not only improve work efficiency and quality of life, but also improve insulin sensitivity, improve blood sugar and blood lipid control, and reduce plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels, which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and can also correct obesity.
● Exercise intensity
In principle, we should start with low-intensity exercise and then gradually enter moderate-intensity exercise. Exercise intensity can be calculated according to the maximum pulse rate, that is, the pulse rate during exercise = 170- age. For example, a 70-year-old man's pulse rate during exercise should be: 170-70= 100 times per minute.
● Exercise duration
Generally, it is appropriate to start with 5 ~ 10 minutes, and then gradually extend it if you feel good about yourself later. Generally, moderate-intensity exercise lasts for 20 to 30 minutes.
● Motion frequency
Exercise at least 4 ~ 5 times a week. People who are receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs should exercise at the specified time every day in order to control blood sugar and adjust the dosage of drugs.
● Exercise precautions.
Avoid hypoglycemia caused by exercise; Prevent injuries, sprains and colds, and pay special attention to protecting feet; It is advisable to do a few minutes of preparation and closing activities before and after exercise.
3. Care of diabetic foot Pay attention to wearing loose shoes and socks to avoid unnecessary friction and blisters caused by too tight feet; In order to prevent chapping caused by dry skin, especially around the heel, wet compress and ointment can be used to prevent it; Nail Qin Ying scissors, but pay attention to avoid too close to the skin and cause damage and infection; If corns appear, consult medical staff to avoid treating them with corns cream; Never walk barefoot, check whether there are sharp objects in your shoes every day to prevent injury; Pay attention to prevent burns when washing feet, and adjust the water temperature in advance.