From the perspective of modern medicine, excessive emotions, whether anger, anxiety, fear, joy or sadness, may lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure. The reason is that higher nervous activity's disorder caused by neuropsychiatric factors increases the reactivity of the higher autonomic nerve center that regulates blood pressure, increases the secretion of vasoactive substances such as catecholamines in the blood, and the arterioles spasm and contract, thus causing the blood pressure to rise.
2. Avoid despair. In real life, there are always some patients who find that after the blood pressure rises, their psychological burden is too heavy, their mood is extremely unstable, and they are worried all day long, which leads to the increase of blood pressure and aggravation of their illness; Some patients are prone to depression, unwilling to take medicine on time, unwilling to cooperate with non-drug treatment, and waiting for the "final destination"; Some patients lose confidence in treatment because of unsatisfactory blood pressure drop for a period of time, and become restless and afraid of seeking medical treatment.
The study found that if a person has despair, his chance of suffering from high blood pressure is three times higher than that of a person who is full of hope for life. The researchers analyzed 600 patients with hypertension, and found that desperate patients were worse than optimistic patients, and the complications of the former were three times that of the latter.
In fact, patients with hypertension should realize that although there is no cure for hypertension at present and it needs long-term treatment, if we can avoid increasing psychological burden, change our lifestyle, and cooperate with family members, relatives and medical staff for active care and treatment on the basis of self-adjustment, the condition can still be controlled, and complications can also be prevented or alleviated.
3. Non-smoking research data show that the incidence of hypertension in smokers is 2.5 times higher than that in non-smokers. Hypertensive patients with smoking habits are not sensitive to antihypertensive drugs, so antihypertensive treatment is not easy to obtain obvious curative effect and the long-term prognosis is poor.
Smoking also affects lipid metabolism, which can increase low density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol, thus promoting the formation of atherosclerosis.
Nicotine in tobacco can also stimulate the heartbeat, and promote the adrenal gland to release a lot of catecholamine, which makes arterioles contract and blood pressure rise.
According to research and calculation, smoking 1 ordinary cigarettes can increase systolic blood pressure10 ~ 25mmhg (1.3-3.3kpa).
Quitting smoking in hypertensive patients can reduce or alleviate the continuous contraction of arterioles, gradually lower blood pressure, restore the sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs, delay and alleviate the process of atherosclerosis, and reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage.
4. Avoid blindly using Chinese herbal medicine to supplement Chinese medicine. In the long-term practice, it is concluded that patients with hypertension often have symptoms such as hyperactivity of liver yang, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, and deficiency of kidney essence. Therefore, the methods of nourishing yin and suppressing yang, calming the liver and calming the wind are often used for treatment.
Many hypertensive patients or their relatives infer that hypertension needs tonic, so they blindly buy supplements to take. In fact, if patients with hypertension need tonic, they should mainly nourish yin, while general yang-tonifying drugs such as velvet antler and fur seal, and qi-invigorating drugs such as ginseng and astragalus are taboo. Even hypertensive patients with obvious symptoms of qi deficiency can only use slow tonic drugs with mild properties when using qi-invigorating drugs, and they should replenish qi and yang on the basis of nourishing yin, but not use qi-yang drugs or supplements alone. This is because tonics have the properties of ascending and dispersing (Chinese medicine can be divided into ascending and descending, cold and warm), and tonics not only have the properties of ascending yang, but also have the properties of warming and tonifying. Once hypertensive patients take these tonics with the characteristics of nourishing yang and warming, they will not only cure the disease, but will increase their blood pressure, which is equivalent to "adding fuel to the fire." Hypertensive patients can take appropriate tonic according to their condition, but they must understand that tonic is aimed at deficiency, and distinguish between deficiency of both qi and blood and deficiency of both yin and yang, such as deficiency of liver blood and deficiency of kidney yin due to hypertension, which is manifested as dizziness, eye dryness, insomnia, bitter taste and dry throat. Avoid blind tonic. Some hypertensive patients involved in kidney or nephropathy in the late stage caused secondary hypertension, which was characterized by pallor, anemia, edema and shortness of breath. Although there is yang deficiency, the renal function is decreased, and too much animal protein can't supplement it.
For American ginseng with the function of benefiting qi and nourishing yin, patients with hypertension must take a small amount after blood pressure is stable, so as to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure, and avoid taking too much.
5. Avoid stopping taking drugs at will. Once hypertension patients find that their blood pressure is elevated, they should go to the hospital and take antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors. When the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs falls within the normal range, it is easy to think of stopping the drug. It is generally believed that the cause of hypertension is unclear, and the antihypertensive drugs used in clinic are expedient measures. Once antihypertensive drugs are stopped, blood pressure will rebound, and sometimes blood pressure will rise higher than the original blood pressure level. Therefore, patients with hypertension, no matter what medicine they take, usually only need to reduce the dose rather than stop taking it. It is worth mentioning that some antihypertensive drugs cannot be stopped suddenly, such as central sympathetic nerve inhibitors and commonly used drugs such as clonine and methyldopa. If the drug is stopped suddenly for a long time, there will be a "rebound" phenomenon, and patients will have tension, anxiety, tremor, nausea, sweating, insomnia, increased heart rate, tachyarrhythmia, especially elevated blood pressure. Severe cases can induce acute myocardial infarction, hypertensive encephalopathy, and even sudden death. There are also B receptor blockers, such as aminoacylpropranolol, metoprolol (betaloc) and propranolol. , should not suddenly stop. If you stop using it suddenly, there will be a large number of compensatory hyperplasia B receptors, which will greatly enhance the excitability of sympathetic nerve, lead to an increase in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. If combined with coronary heart disease, it can induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and even sudden death, especially sudden increase of blood pressure, even hypertensive crisis, hypertensive encephalopathy, arrhythmia and heart failure. Therefore, patients with hypertension should avoid taking drugs at will. If the blood pressure drops to normal after taking medicine, the variety and dosage of antihypertensive drugs can be gradually reduced, and the changes of blood pressure can be closely observed. After a period of observation, the blood pressure is still normal, and it can be reduced again until the antihypertensive drugs are stopped.
6. Avoid sexual life without turning over. Patients with severe hypertension, unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac insufficiency and cerebrovascular diseases should abstain from sex. In fact, many people have myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and even sudden death because of the sudden increase of blood pressure during sexual life.
Patients with hypertension whose blood pressure is not very high and complications are not very serious can have moderate sexual life, but pay attention to the following points:
(1) Take antihypertensive drugs orally 1 hour before sex, and try to reduce blood pressure to the normal range.
(2) Use the lateral position or the patient's lower position during sexual life to avoid squeezing and make blood pressure fluctuate.
(3) During sexual life, actions should not be too intense or too hasty, but should be carried out slowly and gently. Once either party feels dizzy, palpitation or trance, they should immediately stop having sex.
(4) If you find an accident in your sexual life, you should stay calm and try to seek medical advice as soon as possible. If you have a sphygmomanometer at home, you should measure your blood pressure in time to understand the changes of blood pressure and facilitate symptomatic treatment.
7. Avoid taking a cold bath. Bathing in cold water can make people's heart beat faster, blood circulation faster, metabolism faster, appetite increased, and body resistance enhanced. This is a very beneficial exercise plan. But it is not suitable for patients with hypertension.
This is because: patients with hypertension, especially those with long-term hypertension, have different degrees of pathological changes in blood vessels, heart, brain and kidney, such as vitreous degeneration of arterioles, narrowing of lumen, atherosclerosis of large and medium arteries, etc. Cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement; The progress of the disease easily leads to heart failure or coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; Due to long-term hypertension, many tiny aneurysms can be formed in the brain, which will cause cerebral hemorrhage once ruptured. In addition, narrowing of cerebral vascular sclerosis can also lead to cerebral thrombosis. In this case, if you take a cold bath again, the cold stimulation will make the peripheral blood vessels spasm and increase the blood flow back to the heart: the increase in the release of catecholamines in the body will further constrict the blood vessels, and the blood pressure will continue to rise, further aggravating the burden on the already sick heart, brain and kidney. It's like asking an old sick horse to pull an unusually heavy carriage. The result must be that the car can't be pulled away and the horse is exhausted. Therefore, patients with hypertension are not suitable for taking a cold bath.
8. Avoid squatting on a stool. If the elderly squat down to defecate, the curvature of arterial blood vessels in groin and leg fossa will be greatly reduced (generally less than 40 degrees), and the blood vessels in lower limbs will also be seriously bent, causing blood circulation disorders; In addition, when defecating, you often need to hold your breath hard, and the abdominal pressure increases, which leads to a sharp increase in blood pressure, which easily leads to cerebral vascular rupture and bleeding, thus leading to cerebrovascular accidents. In daily life, some elderly people often have strokes in the toilet, ranging from coma and hemiplegia to death. The above phenomenon can be avoided if the toilet is adopted. Because when sitting and defecating, the bending degree of the lower limbs is about 90 degrees, which will not cause blood flow disorder or blood pressure increase, and of course it is not easy to have accidents. Therefore, the elderly should try not to defecate in squatting position. If it is not convenient to install the toilet in the countryside, you can prepare a square stool dug in the middle for the elderly to put in the toilet for standby, so as to avoid the pain of the elderly squatting.
9. Avoid stock trading. "When you speculate in stocks, you are playing with the heartbeat." This statement makes sense. Stock speculators are very nervous about making money or losing money. Earned, beaming; Lost, sad, angry, it is difficult for his heart to enter a normal state. Among stock investors, the elderly are not uncommon. However, from the perspective of health, the elderly are not suitable for stock trading, especially those with hypertension.
Stock market experts say frankly: stock trading is risky, with fewer winners and more losers. Needless to say, the elderly have to cope with the very fast pace of life and stare at the market every day, which is very unfavorable to the health of the elderly. According to the newspaper report, an old man who was speculating in stocks plummeted. He couldn't bear a huge mental shock and died of a sudden heart attack. Therefore, it is suggested that the elderly should not speculate in stocks.
10. Avoid watching TV for a long time. With the popularity of TV, watching TV has become an important part of people's amateur cultural and entertainment life. However, does television have an impact on human health? This is a common concern. According to foreign research, when TV is working, its picture tube will emit strong electron beams, which will have a certain impact on human health, especially on blood pressure. Watching TV for a long time will lead to an increase in oxygen consumption, nervous system fatigue, decreased sensory ability and decreased work efficiency. After watching TV for more than 5 hours, the blood pressure rises obviously, which is called pressor reaction. Shortly after watching TV, the pressor reaction disappeared and blood pressure quickly returned to normal. However, the pressor response of patients with hypertension can last for 10~ 15 hours, and a few people will also have intracranial irritation symptoms, and even induce stroke or acute myocardial infarction. According to the report of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Berlin, the blood pressure of all hypertensive patients increased after watching TV, and about13 of them could not recover to the original level until the next day.
The mechanism of pressor response caused by watching TV is still being explored. According to the preliminary research results, it is considered that besides mental and emotional stress reactions (especially tension, terror and sadness) and TV radiation, the stimulation of flash and sound is also an important factor. Therefore, for your health and safety, both patients with hypertension and normal healthy people should pay attention to the following questions when watching TV:
(1) A continuous TV viewing time should not be too long, usually not more than 2 hours. Take a break on the way, go outside, look at the distance, move your limbs and breathe fresh air.
(2) When watching TV, the indoor light should not be too dark, and it is best to have weak side lighting.
(3) Avoid "jumping" and "flickering" of TV pictures, and watch less scary and sad plots. Patients with hypertension should not watch.
(4) If you feel uncomfortable after watching TV, you should control it in time to avoid adverse consequences.
(5) The distance to watch TV should be 1.5m(20 inches) away from the TV, and the eye sight level should be higher than the center of the TV screen 13.
12. avoid holding heavy objects. compared with ordinary people, people carrying heavy objects are prone to severe hypertension.
This is because if you move heavy objects and temporarily increase the amount of exercise, the blood circulation will inevitably increase due to the increase of oxygen consumption, thus raising blood pressure. Needless to say, as soon as the transportation was over, the consumption of oxygen began to drop, and so did the blood pressure.
However, people who are engaged in carrying heavy objects eventually become real hypertensive patients in this repeated rise and fall of blood pressure.
This physiological reaction of blood pressure rising after lifting heavy objects can happen to anyone. However, compared with hypertensive patients, healthy hypertensive patients definitely appreciate their blood pressure more than normal people.
Healthy people's blood pressure increased by holding heavy objects will return to its original state after work. People with hypertension, because of their high blood pressure, will cross the dangerous boundary, especially those who have been engaged in manual labor since childhood and have confidence in their physical strength, and gradually become arrogant and often break through the dangerous boundary, resulting in unexpected consequences. Therefore, patients with hypertension should avoid holding heavy objects.
13. Avoid driving. Modern society can be said to be a world of cars, and it is very difficult to use cars completely. However, for patients with hypertension, driving often increases the mental and physical burden by more than 1 times than normal healthy people.
Generally speaking, driving must always pay attention to other cars and pedestrians, so it is more tiring than people think. Moreover, people with high blood pressure will have higher blood pressure because of physical and mental stress. Excessive nervousness will worsen blood pressure, so pay full attention to it.
Especially when driving in the city, people will be anxious because of traffic jams, or go to work by tram, which is by no means pleasant in the morning and evening rush hours. But moderate exercise and commuting by tram can also be regarded as a method.
In any case, when you have to drive by yourself, slow down as much as possible and keep the average speed, then drive carefully and relax. Besides, if you feel tired, don't push yourself too hard. Adequate rest is also important. In order to leave room for driving, it is necessary to go out early.
When people with high blood pressure drive, their eyesight is unclear or they see stars flashing, which is a dangerous signal. At this time, you should immediately stop and rest, or ask someone else to drive. If you are too stubborn and force yourself to be beyond normal, that is the cause of the big accident.
In addition, even if you don't drive, if you feel sick, vomiting and dizzy in the car, please don't mention it and ask to stop. You must rest to stabilize your blood pressure. In addition, no matter how healthy you think you are, patients with hypertension should never suddenly change their speed. In addition, you should observe your physical changes as soon as possible and try to make them return to normal.
14. What should I pay attention to in winter? Cold weather can induce high blood pressure, so it is necessary to remind patients with hypertension to pay attention to cold protection and prevent their condition from getting worse.
So, how should hypertensive patients in cold winter keep out the cold? (1) Get up in the morning, wash your face and brush your teeth, and try to use warm water.
(2) You just opened your sleepy eyes this morning. Don't get up at once, but move slowly under the quilt before getting up.
(3) It is best to prepare a urinal indoors in advance at night.
(4) Try to keep the dormitory, pajamas and sleeping utensils warm.
(5) Wear warm clothes when going to the toilet and toilet.
(6) Don't suddenly put your hand into cold water when washing and cooking.
(7) When taking a bath, you must first heat the bathroom, which must be paid more attention to.
(8) Avoid going to the very cold outdoors suddenly. If you have to go out, put on more clothes, a hat, a mask, gloves or a scarf.
(9) When waiting for trams and cars, don't stay where you are like a puppet, but exercise your muscles properly.
In addition, you should also take cold protection measures at home. Because there are heating facilities indoors during the day, the temperature will drop rapidly at night.