Tian Li Wuxing Vegetable Soup is based on the theory of "restraint of five elements" in traditional Chinese medicine, which makes the blue white radish leaves enter the liver and the five elements belong to wood, which is the main source of hair growth. Carrots enter the heart, the five elements belong to fire, and the main length; The yellow burdock entering the spleen belongs to the soil and belongs to the main metaplasia; ? White radish enters the lungs, and the five elements belong to gold, which leads to convergence; Black mushrooms entering the kidney belong to water, and the five elements are mainly sealed. The methods of monarch, minister, assistant and envoy are scientifically compatible, so as to cultivate the qi and blood biochemistry of human internal organs, complete the contact between human internal organs and establish a stable and balanced internal environment, thus achieving the purpose of eliminating diseases, protecting health and prolonging life. Burdock wine has the effects of promoting qi circulation and blood circulation, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals, nourishing stomach and moistening intestines, tonifying kidney and calming nerves; Burdock tea can tonify kidney, replenish essence, clear heart, refresh oneself, moisten intestines and relax bowels, detoxify and beautify the face, expel toxins from the body, supplement nutrition, adjust the nutritional balance of human body, and achieve the effect of "keeping healthy with vegetables".
In Huangdi Neijing, it is very clear that the simple concept of dietary nutrition is "five grains for supplement, five fruits for help, five animals for benefit, and five dishes for supplement". "Five dishes for stuffing" is not only for satiety, but also includes the knowledge of the sages on the health care function of vegetables. Combining ancient and modern research results, the main principles of vegetable health care law can be summarized as follows:
(1) nutritional function
Vegetables are one of the important ways for people to get nutrition. As early as in Compendium of Materia Medica, it was pointed out: "Food is not small for the people." Vegetables are rich in nutrition and contain essential vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein and so on. They are the main sources of vitamins and minerals needed by human body. Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary to sustain life. They participate in many important physiological processes in human body, regulate substance metabolism, promote growth and maintain physiological functions, and are closely related to human health.
Vitamin A can promote the growth and development of human body, maintain the normal function of mucosa and epithelial tissue, and is also an important component of synthesizing rhodopsin. Vegetables are rich in "β-carotene" and have the highest conversion rate. Each molecule of β -carotene can produce two molecules of vitamin A in human body. Regular consumption of vegetables rich in β -carotene can promote growth and development, prevent dry eye and night blindness, and also play a role in beautifying, moistening and rejuvenating the skin.
Vitamin B is very important for carbohydrate metabolism. Lack of vitamin B can lead to loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, muscle pain, paralysis, lower limb paralysis, and the well-known beriberi.
Vitamin C participates in the biotransformation of various substances in the body, such as collagen synthesis, cholesterol transformation, catecholamine and 5- hydroxytryptamine, etc., regulates nerve activity, promotes the metabolic transformation of drugs and poisons, and enhances detoxification. Vitamin c also has a cosmetic effect. Sunbathing in summer can easily lead to black pigmentation "spots" on the skin, and vitamin C can inhibit the formation of black spots. Because the human body can't produce vitamins by its own metabolism, it must be supplied by food, so vegetables are the main source of vitamins needed by the human body.
(2) detoxification
In the preface of "Dish Department" in Compendium of Materia Medica, it says: "Five dishes are tonic, so they are used to replenish grain qi and relieve depression." The word "vegetable" means picking grass. Shennong tasted a hundred herbs not to find medicine, but to find food. "Herbs can eat vegetables." What you can't eat is grass, and what is effective is called herbs. The reason why it is called "vegetable" is just like Yang Heng's six books: "Vegetable is thinner than grass. Sparse, pass, pass the diet. " It can be seen that the ancients have understood that vegetables have a "stagnation" effect. Wang Chong of Han Dynasty said in Lun Heng: "If you want to live forever, your intestines should be clear;" If you want to live forever, you won't have me in your intestines. It is pointed out that "dung poison" is harmful to health. Food ingested by human body contains many toxic substances (such as aldehydes, ketones, indoles, ammonia, peroxides, etc.). If it is reabsorbed by the intestine, it will be harmful to health and affect the normal immune function. Vegetables are foods containing more cellulose, and dietary fiber is the residue left after various nutrients in food are absorbed, that is, crude fiber, which plays a great role in human health. It can loosen the food in people's stomach, increase the contact surface with digestive juice and make it easy to digest. It can also promote intestinal peristalsis, so that food residues and harmful metabolites can be excreted smoothly.
(3) regulating acid-base balance
The body fluid acid-base balance is one of the three major human body balances (body temperature balance, nutritional balance and body fluid acid-base balance). Human body fluids, which account for 70% of body weight, have a certain pH value and remain stable in a narrow range. This acid-base balance is an important basis for maintaining human life. The pH value of the internal environment of a healthy human body is kept within the range of 7.35-7.45. Only when the body fluid is weakly alkaline, the human body has the strongest immunity and is not easy to get sick. The human body will use the most natural methods, that is, lungs, kidneys and skin, to balance acidic body fluids to the standard weak alkaline level. If this balance is broken, the acidity of body fluids will be high, which will affect the normal activity efficiency of life and lead to various diseases. According to the survey, 70% of diseases occur in people with acidic constitution, while 85% of patients with gout, hypertension, cancer and hyperlipidemia are acidic constitution. Therefore, medical experts suggest that acidification of human body is the "source of all diseases". When food is digested and metabolized by human body, body fluids will be affected by the acidity and alkalinity of food, so daily diet is an important factor affecting the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids. Judging from the performance of food, animal food is mostly acidic, and plant food is mostly alkaline. Chlorophyll and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium in fruits and vegetables can help balance the pH value in the body. Minerals produce salt base in human body, which can neutralize rice, flour and rice. Acids produced by meat, fish and other foods. With the increase of age, the efficiency of the natural system in the body to acidic body fluids will decrease. When body fluids become more and more acidic, internal organs are often overworked and their health will go from bad to worse. At this time, the human body automatically turns to bone marrow and muscles to absorb alkaline minerals such as calcium, magnesium or potassium to balance acidic body fluids. This situation of borrowing minerals from other parts of the body will weaken the normal operation of human bones and muscle tissues, which will lead to a series of health problems such as arthritis. Therefore, with the growth of age, to enjoy a healthy life, we should always choose foods that can neutralize acidic body fluids, gradually reduce animal foods in the diet structure, and correspondingly increase plant foods to ensure that body fluids are at a normal pH value.
It can be seen that vegetables are an indispensable and important food for human beings, and are an important source of vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates and other nutrients, and can stimulate appetite, regulate the acid-base balance in the body, promote intestinal peristalsis, and achieve the effect of detoxification. In a word, vegetables can regulate human blood circulation, digestive system and nervous system, so they play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities and improving health.
There are many kinds of vegetables, which are cheap and good. ? Due to different varieties, the nutrients contained are also different. Only through reasonable selection and blending can we meet the needs of various vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other ingredients, which are beneficial to health. The Chinese nation has a long history of applying diet to health care. It is recorded in "Mountain Seascape Show Martial Training" that Shennong "tasted the taste of herbs and the sweetness and bitterness of water springs, which made the people know what to avoid", vividly reflecting the magnificent historical facts of how the ancients sought food.
Modern medical understanding of compatibility of five elements vegetable soup
(1) burdock
"Compendium of Materia Medica" says that "Burdock" (also known as Popeye, Batthorn and Black Radish) is a biennial herb. Its progeny and roots can be used as medicine and food. The Classic of Materia Medica calls it "three essential drugs for expelling wind, clearing away heat and detoxifying". Compendium of Materia Medica says that "it can help the twelve meridians to wash away the evil spirits of the five internal organs" and "taking it for a long time can strengthen the body and resist aging". Burdock enjoys the reputation of the king of vegetables and is comparable to ginseng in Japan. It is a health care product with high nutritional value. It is full of treasures, and its meat has a special taste. Rich in protein, fat, cellulose, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals and amino acids needed by human body. Among them, the content of carotene is 280 times that of carrot, and the content of vitamin B and vitamin C is also higher. There is also inulin unique to compositae plants. According to authoritative works such as "Cherish Famous Vegetables" and "Vegetable Cultivation", regular consumption of burdock root can promote blood circulation, remove gastrointestinal waste, prevent premature aging of skin, moisturize skin, prevent stroke and hypertension, clear intestines and detoxify, and reduce cholesterol and blood sugar, which is suitable for diabetic patients to eat for a long time (because burdock root contains inulin). It has a certain curative effect on rheumatoid diseases and fungi, and also has a good preventive and inhibitory effect on cancer and uremia. Therefore, it is regarded as the best blood-clearing agent in nature, and burdock is regarded as a sacred product for tonifying kidney, strengthening yang and nourishing by the people of Taiwan Province Province. Dr. Al Stell, a famous American health care expert, pointed out in his book "Anti-aging Canon" that "Burdock root is deeply loved by people all over the world, and it is considered as a mild nutritious herb, which can help the human body to maintain a good working condition (suitable for practical use from childhood to old). Burdock can eat the sun without any side effects. It is an important herb and can restore the balance of the body system. Herbologists regard it as a cancer treatment agent, and also as a digestive agent and solution with outstanding curative effect. ? The following are some specific functions of burdock:
① Strong function: Burdock active substance can stimulate cell proliferation, enhance cell vitality, promote body growth and improve endurance and physical strength; It can also improve basal metabolic rate and ensure energy supply, thus improving endurance, physical strength and energy.
② Antibacterial and antifungal effects: Polyacetylene in burdock root has good antibacterial and antifungal effects, and chlorogenic acid has certain inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus when it reaches a certain concentration.
③ Anti-mutation and anti-cancer effects: Burdock root contains many polyphenols, such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid. It is generally believed that all of them have anti-mutation and anti-cancer effects, and experiments have indeed proved that there may be a positive correlation between the anti-mutation ability of Arctium lappa root and its polyphenol content. Inulin is widely found in compositae plants including burdock, which has a wide range of activities and anti-tumor function.
④ Anti-aging effect: After the root of Arctium lappa L. was boiled and concentrated, the SOD activity in liver tissue and serum of rats increased obviously, and the MDA content in brain tissue and serum decreased obviously, suggesting that the root of Arctium lappa L. has anti-aging effect.
⑤ Removal of heavy metal ions: Heavy metal pollution in the environment will enter the human body through the food chain, causing many diseases. Burdock root has a strong adsorption and removal effect on heavy metal ions, and the adsorption capacity is Pb (lead) > Cd > Hg > Ca > Zn.
⑥ Aspartic acid and arginine contained in the root of Arctium lappa have brain-nourishing effects. Burdock inulin has the effect of treating coronary heart disease and diabetes. Chlorogenic acid can also resist HIV and allergy.
⑦ Prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy: Fructus Arctii can obviously improve the symptoms of STZ-induced diabetic rats, reduce urinary albumin excretion rate, reduce kidney weight/body weight ratio, glomerular PAS staining positive matrix area ratio, reduce renal pathological damage, and have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on early renal lesions in diabetic rats.
⑧ Anticough and mitosis: A low molecular weight fructan was isolated from the root of Arctium lappa L., which showed the same antitussive activity as some non-narcotic synthetic preparations used to treat cough in cats, and its biological reaction was equivalent to that of commercially available yeast polysaccharide immunomodulator in mitosis.
⑨ Liver-protecting effect: The aqueous extract of Arctium lappa root has protective effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride or acetaminophen in mice, and can reduce the levels of SGOT and SGPT in a dose-dependent manner, thus alleviating the degree of liver injury from histopathology. The water extract of Arctium lappa root also has protective effect on liver injury caused by chronic drinking and liver injury aggravated by carbon tetrachloride. The mechanism of liver protection may be that the root of Arctium lappa L. has antioxidant effect and can remove toxic metabolites such as carbon tetrachloride in liver cells.
⑩ Differentiation inducer: Burdock lignans can induce the differentiation of mouse bone marrow leukemia (M 1). A series of derivatives were obtained by structural modification of arctigenin, the main active component, and the structure-activity relationship was studied The fatty ester of arctigenin has stronger differentiation effect on M 1 than the aromatic ester, and the n-decanoate ester has the strongest activity, which can induce more than 50% of M 1 cells to differentiate into phagocytes at the concentration of 2Lm01/L.
(2) Radish
As the saying goes:? "Radish listed, how? Langzhong went to the countryside ","Eat radish in winter and ginger in summer without a doctor's prescription ","After September 9, the doctor raised his hand and ate radish cabbage soup to protect his health ". ? "October radish and October ginseng", the medicinal reputation of radish has been seen in history books since ancient times. In The Book of Songs Gu Feng, there is a saying: "Take rice and fly". According to research, this "Philippines" is a "radish". "Ganoderma lucidum in Kunlun is not as good as radish root in wei county", which is a poem by Zheng Banqiao. When Zheng Banqiao was a county magistrate in Wei County, he once presented the local radish as a tribute to the court. Since then, wei county radish has been on the list.
Radish contains anti-tumor and anti-virus active substances, and the effective component is double-stranded ribonucleic acid. It is an "interferon inducer" that stimulates cells to produce interferon, which can not only stimulate cells to produce interferon, but also significantly inhibit human cancer cells. Lignin and spicy ingredients contained in it can also promote the vitality of macrophages and have the effect of preventing cancer. The main nutrients of radish are protein, sugar, B vitamins and a lot of vitamin C, and the content of vitamin C is nearly 10 times higher than that of apples, pears and other fruits. Rich in iron, calcium, phospholipase and fiber.
(3) Radish leaves
Radish tassels are radish leaves, also known as radish stalks, radish vegetables and radish nails. Radish leaves can also be used as medicine. According to Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan, radish leaves can cure disharmony between spleen and stomach, stagnation of food intake, choking and snoring, spitting sour water, and breast distension in women. "Pharmacology of China" says that radish leaves "can cure sore throat and dysentery, and the rare ones have the effect of sweating and antipyretic". However, it should be noted that first frost radish is needed to cure dysentery. Methods: Take clean radish leaves from winter to sun, string them under the eaves, let the frost and snow blow, and store them in storage tanks until the day before spring. In case of dysentery or acute enteritis, take 15g for decoction, and the curative effect is better. If you drink it in summer, you won't have dysentery in autumn, especially for children. Its taste is sweet and bitter, and it has the function of promoting digestion and regulating qi. The Classic of Food says that it can "promote digestion and harmonize the middle energizer", while the New Ginseng in Pieces simply says that it can "promote fluid production, invigorate qi, eliminate dampness, regulate intestines and fu organs, treat diarrhea and stimulate appetite."
Radish leaves contain a lot of β-carotene, and the content of vitamin A per 100 grams of radish leaves is more than three times that of the same amount of broccoli, calcium is four times that of spinach, vitamin C is more than 10 times that of lemon, and vitamin B 1 is 60% more than that of lobster sauce. Vitamin B2 is twice that of beef. The nutritional value of radish leaves is still amazing.
(4) carrots
Carrots are rich in protein, fat, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, carotene, vitamins, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, potassium, sodium, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, phosphorus and selenium, especially carotene, which is 30 times that of ordinary vegetables, and can be used for night blindness, dry eye, high fever and toxic fever. Lignin contained in it can improve the immune function of the body. β -carotene has a strong oxidation effect, which can reduce the oxidation of low-concentration lipoprotein in the body, prevent cardiovascular diseases, refresh and soothe the nerves. Carrots contain a substance called methyl blue succinate, which can improve vascular function, increase coronary blood flow, lower blood lipid and cholesterol, lower blood pressure and enhance vascular elasticity. It also has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetes. Folic acid in carrots has anti-cancer effect. The Chronicle of Anti-cancer Foods arranges foods (including fruits and vegetables) with anti-cancer effects into a pyramid shape. Carrots are located at the top of the tower and are called "rubies" at the top of the pyramid.
(5) Lentinus edodes
Mushrooms are high in protein, glucose, fiber, fat, potassium, sodium, vitamins and trace elements, and are known as "the queen of mushrooms". Among the 18 amino acids that make up the protein of Lentinus edodes, 8 are essential amino acids for human body, which are beneficial to the growth and development of infants.
The fat content of dried shiitake mushrooms is about 3%, and the iodine value of fat is 139. It is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, of which linoleic acid and oleic acid account for more than 90%. Because mushroom is rich in essential fatty acids, it can not only reduce blood fat, but also help to reduce serum cholesterol and inhibit arterial thrombosis, thus preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Dried mushrooms contain many minerals, among which calcium, phosphorus and iron are extremely rich. Lentinus edodes also contains trace elements such as manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium, which can maintain normal metabolism and prolong human life, and is of great significance to the growth and development of children in some mineral-deficient areas.
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Dietotherapy has a thousand-year-old custom foundation in China. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that food and medicine have the same origin, and the food is spicy, sweet, sour, bitter, salty, cold and hot, and can also cure diseases. Not only that, diet therapy precedes drug treatment. For example, Sun Simiao clearly put forward that "a husband is a doctor, a prophet of the source of the disease, knows what he has committed, treats him with food, and then orders medicine after the dietotherapy has not healed", which puts dietotherapy in a very important position. Vegetables and fruits have always played an important role in maintaining and improving human health. For generations, men and women have used fruits and vegetables to eliminate illness and prolong life. It is necessary to reduce the habit of eating meat, both physically and psychologically, so as to adapt ourselves to a healthy, therapeutic and preventive diet. The World Health Organization suggests that people's ideal diet is low in fat, high in fiber and rich in comprehensive carbohydrates, and the best diet plan is to eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds. The spread of "Five Elements Vegetable Soup" in China will certainly make a positive contribution to the health of people in China.
This article comes from the notes of the press conference on plant health care law in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing in 2007, sponsored by China Science and Technology Development and Exchange Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and co-organized by Tianyi International Group Tian Li Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., with special thanks to the health experts of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Zhang Xueliang's guidance and help to this article.