(1) Feeding management of sows before delivery
Feeding of sows before delivery: Before delivery, especially about 30 days before delivery, the fetus grows and develops rapidly and its weight increases sharply. At this time, we should reduce the feeding of green feed and roughage, and increase the feeding of concentrate, especially in protein. The optimum nutritional level of diet is digestible energy12.13 ~12.55 mj and crude protein 15% per kilogram of mixture. The feeding method is free feeding, and the feeding amount depends on the sow's weight and physical condition. Generally, 3 ~ 4 kg of mixed feed and 1 ~ 2 kg of green feed are fed three times a day, and clean drinking water is provided. Reduce the feeding amount of sows 5 ~ 7 days before labor, especially reduce the feeding amount of concentrate, increase the feeding amount of high-quality green feed, ensure adequate drinking water, and prevent constipation and postpartum non-feeding. Be careful not to feed moldy, frozen, moth-eaten, toxic and irritating feed to avoid stillbirth or miscarriage.
Management of sows before farrowing: sows should be raised in a single circle before farrowing, pay attention to protecting the fetus, avoid whipping, prevent mechanical stimulation such as biting, squeezing and slipping, exercise properly, get more sunshine, strengthen their physique and give birth smoothly. In winter, it is necessary to strengthen the work of cold protection and heat preservation to prevent sows from catching cold and fever and causing embryo death or abortion. Stop exercising 5 ~ 7 days before labor and transfer to delivery room for labor. Before sows enter the delivery room, they must thoroughly clean and disinfect the delivery room, keep the pig bed clean and dry, and at the same time scrub and disinfect the pig's body, especially the abdomen, breasts and vulva, and keep it clean. In winter delivery, we should also do a good job in the insulation measures of the delivery room, and should have heating equipment (heating, cooking stoves, etc.). ), and at least the piglets should be equipped with heat preservation devices (protective boxes, heat preservation lights, etc.). ). If bedding grass is used, it should be put into the house in advance to make its temperature the same as that in the house. It should be dry, soft, clean and of moderate length (10 ~ 15cm).
In addition, the delivery room requires quiet, sunny, fresh air and comfort. Otherwise, it is easy to delay delivery, prolong delivery time and increase piglet mortality.
(2) Feeding management of sows after farrowing.
Feeding of sows after calving: Sows can feed a small amount of bran water or gruel after calving. Feed the mixed concentrate for 3 ~ 4 days until it is 50% full. The feeding amount can be gradually increased from 4 to 5 days after delivery, and can not be fed according to the feeding level of lactating sows until about 1 week after delivery. Generally, it is fed 3-4 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 4-5 kg of mixed concentrate. The nutrient level is 12.55 megajoules per kilogram of mixed concentrate, and the crude protein is 16%- 18%. At the same time, ensure the supply of minerals and vitamins, and feed green feed 1.5-2.0 every day. Otherwise, it is easy to cause postpartum indigestion or excessive milk secretion of sows, so that piglets can't finish eating or can't finish eating, resulting in indigestion and diarrhea. Pay attention to the quality of feed to be nutritious and easy to digest.
In order to promote sow digestion, improve milk quality and prevent piglet diarrhea, sows can be fed about 25 grams of baking soda every day during postpartum 1 week, and can be fed 2 ~ 3 times when drinking water. Sows with dry and hard feces and constipation tendency should drink more water or feed with laxative effect.
Some sows need to breastfeed in time because of malnutrition during pregnancy, lack of milk or insufficient milk after delivery, otherwise it will easily lead to stunted growth and even starvation of piglets. Can feed sow millet porridge, soybean milk, placenta soup, small fish shrimp soup and so on. Sows with good fat but insufficient milk can be fed breastfeeding feed and pharmaceutical breast milk at the same time. Such as semen vaccariae 40g, caulis Akebiae 30g, Herba Leonuri 50g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 40g, Rhizoma Sparganii 30g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 20g, parched malt 50g, and Rhododendron 30g, the above eight medicines are decocted in mixed water, and taken once a day 1 dose for 2-3 days. Semen Vaccariae, Radix Rhapontici, and medulla Tetrapanacis were decocted in water and fed with wheat bran, daily 1 dose for 3 days. Prolactin 10 tablets, oral 1 time, etc.
Management of sows after farrowing: keep the delivery room warm, dry and sanitary. Poor environmental conditions in the delivery room and unsanitary delivery room may cause postpartum infection of sows, such as fever, loss of appetite, decreased milk production or no milk production. If not treated in time, the piglets will develop slowly and starve to death. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in the hygiene of the delivery room, change the mat grass frequently, and pay attention to the ventilation in the room to ensure the fresh air in the room. The vulva of postpartum sows should be kept clean. If there is lochia around the tail root and vulva, it should be cleaned and disinfected in time, and mosquitoes and flies should be prevented in summer. Inject antibiotics into sows when necessary, and flush uterus with 2% ~ 3% warm normal saline or 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution, and keep nipples clean to prevent nipple injury, frostbite and atrophy. It is forbidden to frighten and whip sows.