Gaiwancha is a tea set with a lid at the top, a tray at the bottom and a bowl in the middle. Also known as the "three-talent bowl", the cover is the sky, the support is the ground, and the bowl is human.
The "tea tray", also known as the "tea boat", is said to have been made by the daughter of Cui Ning, the ambassador of Shu in the Tang Dynasty. At first it was a wooden bracket, but later it was painted. There are often landscape flowers and birds painted by celebrities.
Draw a fire prevention map in the bowl. There are twelve kinds of saucers; Twelve bowls and twelve brackets make up twenty-four styles. For the tea party. There are many kinds of saucers in Qing Dynasty, such as round saucers, lotus leaf saucers, gold ingots and so on.
Gaiwancha prevailed in Beijing, the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and all the nobles, court royalty and elegant teahouses paid attention to Gaiwancha. Gaiwancha is suitable for heat preservation, so it became popular everywhere later. 9 Hainan News Network)
Cover a bowl of tea: an inexhaustible taste
Some Hui elderly people who know the tea ceremony are good at tasting tea. They think that tea that is fragrant but not clear is ordinary tea, fragrant but not sweet is bitter tea, and sweet but not alive cannot be called superior tea. Only fresh and lively tea is the best tea. Hui people regard drinking tea as a good treat for their guests. Whenever there are guests at home, such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha or wedding, the host will warmly hand you a cup of tea and give you some dried fruits such as oil fragrance, prickly heat and flowers for you to drink tea.
Gaiwancha is a kind of tea that Hui people all over the country generally like to drink. Covering bowls has always been called "three castles", and people call it cups. It has a lid at the top and a tray at the bottom. The tea bowl filled with water has a big mouth and a small bottom, which is exquisite and beautiful. Every hot summer, many people think that drinking a bowl of tea is better than eating watermelon to quench their thirst. In the cold winter, Hui people get up in the morning, sit around the fire, bake some steamed buns, or eat some jiaozi, and always "scrape" several cups of tea. The average life expectancy of Hui people in Ningxia is mainly due to their good eating habits, one of which is to drink Gaiwancha frequently.
Hui Gaiwan tea has different ingredients and names, and different teas are selected according to different seasons. Jasmine is dominant in summer and Shaanxi green tea is dominant in winter. Conditional also can use Biluochun, Mao Feng, Maojian, Longjing, etc. People with different constitutions can choose different teas. For example, rock sugar tea can clear away heat, brown sugar brick tea can be given to people with cold stomach, and white sugar tea can be given to people with indigestion. "Eight-treasure tea" can be commonly used for health care, that is, in addition to tea, there are white sugar, brown sugar, red dates, walnuts, longan, sesame, raisins, medlar and so on. Generally, when Hui families drink "Babao tea" with mixed ingredients, they drink "Sanxiang tea" (tea, rock sugar and longan meat). Some drink "white four products" (Shaanxi green tea, sugar, persimmon, red dates); Others like "red four products" (brick tea, brown sugar, red dates and dried fruits) and "five flavors of tea" (green tea, hawthorn, sesame, ginger slices and sugar).
Hui people are also very particular about making tea. Good tea needs good blisters. Old Muslims think that tea brewed with snow water, spring water and running water is the best. Hui people living on both sides of the Yellow River like to make tea with sweet Yellow River water. Hui people living in mountainous areas make tea with snow water in winter and rain water in summer. Because snow water, rain water and yellow river water have few impurities and are slightly sweet, making tea will not affect the fragrance of tea itself.
To make a bowl of tea, the Hui people must rinse the bowl with boiling water, and then cover it in the tea material. It takes about two to three minutes to make tea. Some Hui elderly people who know the tea ceremony are good at tasting tea. They think that tea that is fragrant but not clear is ordinary tea, fragrant but not sweet is bitter tea, and sweet but not alive cannot be called superior tea. Only fresh and lively tea is the best tea. Hui people regard drinking tea as a good treat for their guests. Whenever there are guests at home, such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha or wedding, the host will warmly hand you a cup of tea and give you some dried fruits such as oil fragrance, prickly heat and flowers for you to drink tea. Police tea also has many good manners, that is, in front of the guests, uncover the bowl cover, put the bowl in the tea material, then fill it with water and cover it with both hands. Doing so, on the one hand, shows that this cup of tea is not the leftover tea that others have drunk, on the other hand, it is also a respect for the guests. If there are many guests at home, the host will serve tea to the host and guest first according to their age and status. Hui people are also very particular about drinking Gaiwancha. They can't take off the lid on it, and they can't blow on the lotus ground with their mouths. Instead, scrape it with the lid several times, once for sweetness, once for fragrance, and the third time for tea bittern to become clear soup. After each shave, tilt it slightly, cover it and suck it with your mouth. You can't take a small cup and swallow it one after another, and you can't breathe and suck in the mouth of the cup. You should drink slowly, just like Han people drink. When the host pours tea, the guests generally don't want to be reported by the guests, and they can't do it without a sip. Being a host is impolite and disrespectful.
When drinking tea, if you still want to drink after drinking a cup, don't finish the bottom of the tea, leave some for the host to continue to pour you water. If you drink enough, drink all the water in the small cup, cover the bowl with your hand, or take out a big red date from the bowl and put it in your mouth, which means that you have drunk enough, and the host will no longer humbly pour tea. Because of the many benefits of drinking tea, Hui people not only develop the habit of drinking tea, but also like to give tea gifts when visiting relatives and friends and getting engaged. For example, when the Hui people are engaged, they usually send brick tea, fine tea, longan, red dates, sesame seeds and raisins, so the engagement is also called "fixed tea". On the wedding day of the Hui people, in addition to the host's hospitality, other relatives and friends help the guests to order "tea", including morning tea, partial tea and evening tea.
Tea is the bond of friendship. Whether it is the eldest brother of the Han nationality or the brothers of other nationalities, when they visit the Hui family, they will deeply feel the hospitality and generosity of the Hui brothers, with fragrant tea and stronger feelings. Throughout the Hui people's tea drinking folklore, there are two characteristics: First, the Hui people attach great importance to the health care function of tea drinking. Hui people have learned, absorbed, developed and summarized the way of drinking tea for health in their long-term life practice. According to the investigation of some centenarians in Ningxia, one of the secrets of their longevity is to pay great attention to the preparation of different teas to drink. It is worth noting that the Hui people deeply realize that it can dispel cold, strengthen stomach, strengthen spleen, improve eyesight and clear heart, and prolong life. For example, there are several ingredients in "Babao Gaiwancha" that are brain-strengthening and fitness foods. Such as sesame, sweet in taste and flat in nature, can enrich blood, moisten intestines, promote lactation, increase intelligence and protect hair. The five-service classic says, "Perseverance leads to omniscience and communion with God." It plays an extremely important role in improving memory and thinking ability, and indeed has the role of "staying young forever". Jujube is rich in vitamin C, with a content of 540mg per100g. It is called vitamin "C" pill. With it, the brain can stay alert and flexible. "Herbal Medicine Society" said: "Long-term service will prolong life, strengthen the middle energizer, strengthen the body and relieve annoyance". "Longan" has its rich nutrition and nourishing function. It is famous for nourishing blood, calming the nerves, nourishing the wisdom of primates, stimulating appetite and nourishing the spleen. The nutritional value of "walnut kernel" is higher than that of eggs, milk and lean meat. Walnut kernel often makes tea, which is of great benefit to enhance forgetfulness and maintain vigorous energy. Hui people living in Ningxia put Lycium barbarum and raisins in "eight-treasure bowl tea". Ningxia Lycium barbarum is a famous tonic at home and abroad. It contains vitamins A 1, B 1, B2, C, taro acid, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, promoting vital energy production, invigorating deficiency, tranquilizing mind, expelling pathogenic wind and improving eyesight. Practice has proved that the "eight treasures covered with bowl tea" with scientific formula is one of the good health foods. Second, Hui people like to drink sugar tea. This is a remarkable feature of Hui people's tea drinking custom. Whether drinking tea or entertaining guests, Hui people should mix white sugar or brown sugar, rock sugar, sugar cubes and so on. If a guest comes without sugar tea, it is regarded as disrespect and enthusiasm for the guest. In recent years, the living standard of the Hui people has been greatly improved, and the custom of drinking tea is becoming more and more prosperous. At the same time, it has been recognized and absorbed by more and more brotherly peoples, and has made important contributions to tea culture in China.