First of all, the requirements of the article are different

The requirements of classical Chinese are generally complicated, characterized by paying attention to allusions, parallel prose and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing and parallel prose.

Modern Chinese, that is, vernacular Chinese, generally has no special requirements for articles, as long as the sentences are fluent.

Second, the difficulty of understanding is different.

The separation between classical Chinese and classical Chinese, the pursuit of simplicity in writing, and the application of many special usages such as inverted sentences and ellipsis sentences are obscure to people who have no foundation in classical Chinese.

Modern Chinese is easy to understand, more colloquial and easier to understand than classical Chinese.

Third, the development time is different.

Classical Chinese was an official orthodox style before 19 15 New Culture Movement. Almost all ancient books are recorded in the form of classical Chinese, which is a written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period.

Modern Chinese, that is, vernacular Chinese, was highly praised and widely supported by the public during the 19 15 New Culture Movement. After the May 4th vernacular movement, it was fully popularized.

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The Development of Classical Chinese in Modern Times

Although modern China society is dominated by vernacular Chinese, as a traditional culture in China, classical Chinese still receives considerable attention from China people and still has a certain influence on vernacular Chinese.

There are still many people who like to quote the classical Chinese "allusions", "poems" and "couplets" commonly used in China society when writing in the vernacular, and many idioms and sayings in Chinese also come from the classical Chinese. For those who are interested in learning China literature, the training of classical Chinese is essential.

Classical Chinese is a compulsory course in China. Students began to contact classical Chinese from the fifth and sixth grade of primary school, and then gradually increased. By the high school stage, classical Chinese has basically become the main body of Chinese classes. In the Chinese curriculum in China, primary five students are required to learn classical Chinese, and senior high school students should further learn classical Chinese.

Both the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination in China have topics related to classical Chinese. From time to time, high-scoring compositions in classical Chinese will appear in all parts of China. However, since 20 12, with the release of "Provisions on the Examination of National Unified Entrance Examination for Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 20 12", Chinese college entrance examination composition has been limited to "the current standard Chinese language", that is, network language, classical Chinese and traditional Chinese characters can no longer be used in college entrance examination composition, which has caused some criticisms.

Sogou encyclopedia-vernacular

Sogou encyclopedia-classical Chinese

2. How to distinguish the usage of words in classical Chinese In modern Chinese, there are a large number of words with the same ancient and modern glyphs but different meanings and usages, that is, ancient and modern synonyms.

For example, the word "go" in Taiwei Shequ (Chen Taiwei and the period of friendship) meant "leave" in ancient times and later evolved into "go somewhere".

Such words often appear when reading classical Chinese.

The development of vocabulary is reflected in notional words, and the most remarkable thing is the ancient and modern changes of meaning. The differences between ancient and modern meanings, due to their different evolution, are roughly as follows:

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For example, the words "Jiang", "He", "Huai" and "Han" in "Water travels from the ground, Jiang, Huai, He and Han" (Mencius) refer to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. "Jiang" and "He" were proper nouns in ancient times, but now they have been expanded into generic terms. Another example is "bad for women." . The word "good" ("Ximen Bao governs the situation") refers to a woman's beauty, not morality. Now, "goodness" can refer to all beautiful attributes, and can modify and limit people, things and things.

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For example, the word "gold" in the synopsis of the golden chamber (Xunzi exhortation) used to refer to all metals, but now it refers to gold. For another example, "tile" refers to all pottery products in ancient times, but in modern times only "a building material for building roofs" is called "tile".

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Some words have different meanings from ancient times to the present, and their meanings have changed, that is, they have changed from expressing things A to expressing things B. For example, the "martyr" in "Martyr's Old Age is Full of Courage" ("Kamei Shoushou") used to refer to people with integrity and ambition, but now it refers to people who have dedicated themselves to the revolutionary cause; The "tears" in Crying Without Tears (Zhuangzi) refers to tears, but now it has shifted to "snot"; Another example is "smell", which originally refers to hearing, but now generally refers to "smell".

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For example, the word "humble" in "The First Emperor didn't treat his officials with meanness" ("Model") refers to low status, while "contemptible" refers to lack of knowledge, not derogatory. Now "meanness" refers to poor quality and has become a derogatory term.

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The appellation of some things in classical Chinese has become another way in modern Chinese. Only on certain occasions or in fixed phrases. For example, the idiom "illiterate" has now been changed to "eye"; The word "less" in "outnumbered" has been changed to "less".

Weakened the meaning of editing this paragraph.

For example, "hate", which means fierce in ancient times, is very high and deep, but it is not very profound now. "Resentment", which used to refer to hatred and bitterness, now refers to complaining and blaming.

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For example, "hate" means regret and dissatisfaction in ancient times, but it means hatred and resentment today. At first, "punishment" only meant blame, but later it was strengthened to mean "killing".

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For example, the ancient "slave" refers to the military attache or right-hand man, which belongs to the good sense. For example, Han Yu's "Book with Fengxiang and Xing Shangshu" says: "Now you are the favorite of the king and the minister of the country." . The "slave" in modern Chinese is a "metaphor of the henchmen and accomplices of the bad guys", which is derogatory.

For example, in ancient times, "to preserve our sanity" was to understand things, see the current situation clearly, be good at avoiding threats and adapt to the environment, which was a commendatory term. For example, in the Book of Songs, "to preserve our sanity for health", and in modern Chinese, "to preserve our sanity" means not sticking to principles but only sticking to our own attitude towards life, which is derogatory.

For example, in ancient times, "muddleheaded" was used to describe people's seriousness as a compliment, such as Yang Xiong's "Fa Yan Wen God": "The book of Yu Xia is muddleheaded ... Zhou Shu is muddleheaded." The word "muddy" in the sentence means "vigorous" and "gloomy" means "serious". In modern Chinese, it is derogatory to describe ignorant people.

Such as: "despicable" ancient meaning: low status, shallow knowledge. Modern significance: low moral character, including derogatory meaning. Example: "A model": "The first emperor had no intention of being a minister".

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For example, the ancient "goodness" refers to bigotry and disobedience, which is derogatory, such as "Lin Daiyu enters Jia Fu": "Behavior is far-fetched." In modern Chinese, it is used to describe obedient and peaceful people.

For example, the original meaning of "exercise" is "smelting". In ancient times, it was often used to refer to playing with the law and accusing Luo Zhi of framing people, which was derogatory. For example, "The Biography of Wei Biao in the Later Han Dynasty" said: "Loyalty and filial piety are near, and officials are close to the heart." In modern Chinese, it has become a commendatory term to exercise physical strength, cultivate brave and witty character, or improve quality and ability through productive labor and work practice.

For example, "pungent" means fierce, outrageous and unreasonable in ancient times, which is derogatory. For example, "Water Margin" (the twelfth time): "(Niu Er) specializes in sprinkling pungent people in the street." In modern Chinese, it refers to bravery and courage, which is a compliment.

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Such as the ancient meaning of "city": buy. Example: "I would like to be a city pommel horse".

For example, the ancient meaning of "Xie" is a warning (there is also an explanation of apology).

3. Help explain the words in the following classical Chinese. 1 Find out the different meanings of the following notional words from the learned classical Chinese. 1- Love his son and choose a teacher to teach him (love). 2 Qin loves luxury, and people miss home (like, like). Although Qi is small, why do I love a cow (cherish and appreciate)? 6 Love is also a legacy of ancient times (kindness)? 7 Love without seeing it, scratching around (through "hiding", hiding)? 2- An 1 Rain without moving like a mountain (stability)? 2 Why should it be placed in a secluded place? (Safe) 3 Then you have to sleep (comfortably) for one night. Where do you want to be safe? 7. Food and clothing (medical care) 8. When he came, Anzhi (making an) 3- soldiers 1 took over the soldiers in the world and gathered in Xianyang (weapons and ordnance) 2. Zhao Yisheng set up soldiers to wait for Qin, but Qin did not dare to move (soldiers and troops). So he went to the army and made a plan, followed by cutting (using soldiers). Voucher for ancient soldiers) 4-cháo 1 (zhā o in the morning) 2 Like every court, you often claim to be ill (appear in court, worship) 3. Strong countries seek obedience, weak countries enter the DPRK (see and worship) 4. So you went into the court to see the powerful king (court) 5. And dedicated his heart (dynasty) to two generations and refused to listen to the court (dynasty) for six years. Noun) 2. Eliminate the residue and filth for the Han family (except) 3. Taking the rule of the former king as an example to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages (elimination) 4. That is, the site of the abandoned temple in Weiyan was moved for burial (renovation and repair) 5. Dismiss the right prime minister and the Tang dynasty ambassador (worship the official position) 6. Moving coffins (between doors and screens, nouns) 6- 65438 Literature) 3 Taking the imperial court as an excuse (4) I will never avoid death, and I will drink enough to say goodbye (5) I came, and I left the capital a year ago, and now I died here in Jiujiang (Farewell, Farewell) 6 Tao Yuanming's "Words for Going Home" (ancient style) 7. I do not hesitate to make a small gift (pay attention to it, care about it) 8. I am knowledgeable, strong-willed, good at dealing with chaos and good at rhetoric. Polite apology) 10 The nearest person is guilty (command) 7- the nearest person 1 Know him, invincible (dangerous, adjective) 2 and when the Qin Dynasty was completely destroyed, the nearest person (almost, adverb) 3 yuan was almost the same as (probably, I am afraid, adverb) 4.

The one in the back won't