Excuse me, where can I find a video of the lotus flower opening process?

Chinese name lotus

English names are Lotus, Blue Lotus, Indian Lotus, Holy Lotus, Indian Bean and Holy Water Lily.

Latin scientific names are lotus, lotus, water lily and lotus (lotus from Sinhala).

The flowering period is from late June to August.

Scientific classification

Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom

Door: angiosperm magnolia door

Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia

Objective: protein of Alpinia.

Family: Nelumbo of Nelumbo.

Lotus: Lotus.

Type: drupe drupe

Other names: Lotus, Lotus, Shuizhi, Shuifurong, Lotus, June Spring, Yunshui, Qiu Hong, Yuhuan, Huashui, Iowa, Xike, Bihuan, Yuhuan, Whip Tip, Shuifurong, whipple and Lotus (not open).

brief introduction

Lotus is a perennial aquatic herb flower. Underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaves. Flowering from June to September, it is solitary at the top of the pedicel. There are many petals embedded in the receptacle hole, which are red, pink, white, purple and other colors, or have colorful words and borders. Nuts are oval and seeds are oval. There are many kinds of lotus flowers, which are divided into ornamental and edible categories. Originated in tropical and temperate Asia, China has a long history of cultivation, which was recorded as early as the Zhou Dynasty, with a warm and humid climate. Lotus is a very important water greening plant in the garden because of its large leaves, beautiful flowers, overflowing fragrance and pollution-free sludge. Lotus is precious, lotus root and lotus seed can be eaten; Lotus seeds, rhizomes, lotus nodes, lotus leaves, flowers and germ of seeds can all be used as medicine, which can treat many diseases.

Origin and distribution

Originated in tropical and temperate regions of Asia, China has a long history of cultivation, which was recorded as early as the Zhou Dynasty. It likes to be warm and humid.

Lotus is native to South Asia from Viet Nam to Afghanistan, and is generally distributed in subtropical and temperate regions such as Central Asia, West Asia, North America, India, China and Japan. China was cultivated as early as 3000 years ago. Now carbonized ancient lotus seeds have been found in Liaoning and Zhejiang, which shows its long history. Taiwan Province Province was introduced from Japan about 100 years ago. At present, the cultivated area in Baihe Town and Chiayi in Tainan has reached nearly 350 hectares, which is one of the most important tourist areas in Taiwan Province Province. There are still wild lotus flowers in some remote places in Asia, but most of them are planted artificially for landscape decoration and eating. For example, in China, lotus is cultivated as a cash crop. Many people once mistakenly thought that lotus was produced in Egypt and the Mediterranean. Around 500 BC, lotus was introduced into Egypt, probably brought by Persians. The ancient Egyptians decorated "lotus buds" on the top of the pillars of the temple, imitating water lilies, while Homer's epic "Odyssey" actually drank a drink made of dates (unrelated to lotus flowers) and entered a state of forgetting troubles. Herodotus, a Greek writer, wrote when describing Egyptian plants: "There are some lilies like roses growing in the river; This kind of fruit grows in a pod, like a yellow honeycomb. There are many fruits the size of olive stones to eat, fresh or dry. " What he said was clearly a lotus flower.

There are wild lotus flowers. Professor Ren Xu, a paleobotanist, discovered lotus leaf fossils in Qaidam Basin 40 years ago, at least 654.38 million years ago. 1973, 7,000-year-old lotus pollen fossils were found among the cultural relics unearthed from Hemudu Cultural Site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. In the same year, two carbonized lotus seeds were found in Yangshao cultural site in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 5000 years ago. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century), the ancients ate about 40 kinds of vegetables, and lotus root was one of them. There is a phrase "flowers in the cheeks" in Yujing, which means that lotus flowers grow everywhere in the swamp waters of the motherland. China is the country that grows the most lotus flowers in the world.

morphological character

Perennial aquatic plants. Rootstock (lotus root) is thick and knobby, born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, round, dark green on the surface, gray-green with waxy white powder on the back, and the whole edge is wavy. Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of pedicels and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors; Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in the inverted cone sponge receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface. After fertilization, it gradually expands, called lotus, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole. The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The fruit ripens from September to 65438+ 10. Lotus roots are planted in the mud at the bottom of a pond or river, and lotus leaves are exposed to the water. There are flowers on the stem that protrude a few centimeters from the water. Lotus generally grows to a height of 150 cm and extends 3 meters horizontally. The maximum diameter of lotus leaf is 60 cm. The striking lotus can reach a maximum diameter of 20 cm.

Lotus, a dicotyledonous plant, belongs to the genus Nelumbo of Nymphaeaceae, including Chinese lotus and American lotus. Chinese lotus is distributed in Asia and Oceania, and most of them are tall, oval and green leaves. There are single petals, compound petals, double petals, heavy platform and thousand petals in the cultivated varieties, and the flowers range from red to white. American lotus is distributed in North America, with short plants, nearly round leaves, dark green, single petals and yellow flowers, and it is still in a semi-wild state. According to the study of fossils by paleobotanists, as early as 65.438+0.35 billion years ago, lotus plants were distributed in many waters in the northern hemisphere. In China, Hemudu cultural site discovered in 1973 contains lotus pollen fossils, which is determined to be 7000 years ago. This shows that at least 7000 years ago, lotus was distributed in China and even used as food. Although some data today show that lotus originated in India, according to historical data, China is the origin of lotus. Lotus has been cultivated in China for a long time and spread widely. West to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, east to Taiwan Province Island, north to Heilongjiang, and south to Sanya, Hainan. It can be said that China is the world cultivation center of lotus.

Lotus is one of the oldest dicotyledonous plants, and also has some characteristics of monocotyledonous plants. The embryo of lotus is wrapped in scales, similar to monocotyledonous plants. From the flower structure, the lotus has 3 or 4 layers of perianth, outer sepals, inner petals, many stamens, free pistils and single boat-shaped pollen grains. Lotus stems have obvious segmentation phenomenon, and the underground stems are covered with fibrous roots. These are the characteristics of monocots. The lotus bud is a mixed bud, and the lotus bud seen by the naked eye is the position of the terminal bud and axillary buds of the lotus root. Roots are divided into seed roots and adventitious roots. The main root formed by seed radicle is underdeveloped, and the adventitious root plays a functional role. As for the stem of lotus, it is called lotus root, which is actually the underground rhizome of lotus and an organ for storing nutrients and reproducing. Lotus is a solitary bisexual flower, which consists of calyx, corolla, stamen group, pistil group, receptacle and pedicel. Variety and rich colors.

There are three kinds of leaves: Mr. Ding Ya's leaves, small in shape and thin in handle, float on the water, called money leaves, or money leaves; The first leaves that grow from the lotus root are slightly larger and also float on the water, which is called floating leaves; Later, the leaves protruding from the lotus root were called vertical leaves. Whether it is money leaves, floating leaves or vertical leaves, they are all rolled into ribbed strips before they come out of the water. The size, height and sequence of vertical leaves show obvious ascending and descending steps with the growth time. When the new lotus root is formed, the erect leaves pulled out are bigger than the previous one, but the thorns are shorter, which is called "dorsal leaf". A small leaf with short stem and reddish back appears in front of it, which is called "terminal leaf". Only by identifying the terminal leaves can people find the position of the new lotus root in the mud.

The flower primordium of lotus is planted in the bud of lotus root area, on the back of the base of young leaves; Flowers solitary, bisexual; Sepals 4~5, green, falling off after flowering; The battalion commander is peach-shaped, peach-shaped or round-peach-shaped, dark purple or grayish green; Flowers can be divided into single petals, compound petals, double petals and thousand petals, and the colors are crimson, pink, white, brownish green and intermediate colors. The flowering period is from June to September, and the flowering period of a single flower is only 3-4 days, mostly at noon, and thousands of petals can bloom for more than 10 days; The largest flower diameter can reach 30 cm, and the smallest is less than 10 cm; Stamens are 60~450 or petaloid, anther fragments are mostly yellow and filaments are white; The head of the school is born, the ovary is superior, the carpels are separated, and they are scattered in the bowl-shaped and trumpet-shaped green receptacle. The swollen receptacle after withering is called lotus, which has 3-30 lotus cells. When it develops normally, each carpel forms an oval nut. Sometimes carpels are "blistered" or petal-shaped and cannot form fruits. This kind of fruit, commonly known as lotus seed, has a turquoise skin when it is green and turns dark blue when it matures. There are stomata and guard cells on the surface of pericarp, solid and dense palisade tissue under epidermis, and stomatal channels under stomata. The stomatal passage of mature lotus seed peel is very small, which hinders the free entry and exit of air and water, and even hinders the entry of microorganisms. This special organizational structure ensures the longevity of lotus seeds. It can be buried in the stratum for thousands of years without being destroyed, and can even be used for sowing and germination.

Public goods

There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. According to the classification standard of China Lotus Variety Atlas, it is divided into 3 series, 50 groups, 23 categories and 28 groups. Namely:

China Lotus:

First, large and medium-sized flowers:

A. single valve: 1. Single red lotus group 2. Single pink lotus group 3. Single-petalled white lotus group

B. compound valves: 4. Compound valve powder lotus group

C. double petals: 5. Double red lotus group 6. Double pink lotus group 7. Double white lotus group 8. Shuangjin group.

D. heavy platform category: 9. Hongtailian Formation

E. thousand petals: 10. Sect. Thousand petals.

Two. Floret:

F. single valve type: 1 1. Single red bowl lotus group 12. Single pink bowl lotus group 13. Single-petaled white bowl lotus group.

G. compound valve: 14. Lotus group with compound petals in red bowl 15. Lotus group with compound petals in pink bowl 16. Compound white bowl lotus group.

H. double flap: 17. Double red bowl lotus group 18. Double pink bowl lotus group 19. Double-petalled white bowl lotus group.

B. American lotus:

Three. Large and medium-sized flowers:

Monopetaloid class: 20. Single-petalled coptis group.

C. Sino-American hybrid lotus lines

Four. Large and medium-sized flowers:

J. Single valve: 2 1. Hybrid single petal red lotus group 22. Hybrid single petal pink lotus group 23. Hybrid single petal Huang Lian group 24. Hybrid single petal multi-color lotus group.

K. compound valve: 25. Hybrid compound valve Bailian Group 26. Mixed compound valve.

Small flower group:

Length single valve type: 27. Hybrid single valve group.

Mi (abbreviation of meter)) Compound valve: 28. Hybrid compound petal white lotus group

There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. Lotus has been used as a tonic in China for more than 2000 years. Lotus is a representative of holiness and a symbol of Buddhism.

Lotus leaves the dust, clean and flawless. Therefore, the people of China and most Buddhist believers take the noble quality of lotus as their motto, encouraging themselves to lead a totally clean life. Lotus is the symbol and messenger of friendship.

In ancient China, there was a tradition of sending plums in spring and picking lotus in autumn. Since ancient times, Chinese people have regarded lotus seeds as precious food, and they are still high-grade nourishing nutrition. Many places specialize in producing lotus seeds. Lotus root is the best vegetable and preserved fruit. Lotus leaves, lotus flowers and lotus plums are also popular medicated diets in China. It can be seen that the diet culture of lotus is rich and colorful.

Traditional lotus seed porridge, preserved lotus seed, lotus seed powder, lotus root slices with meat, steamed pork with lotus leaves, lotus leaf porridge and so on are numerous. In China's flower culture, lotus is the most interesting object of flower-chanting poems and the subject of flower-and-bird painting. It is the most beautiful and colorful dance material; It is also the most commonly used and beautiful pattern and shape in various architectural decoration, sculpture techniques and daily necessities. Lotus is a famous traditional flower in China.

Application of Lotus in Gardens

Lotus, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, is not only colorful and fragrant, but also has strong adaptability. It can be widely planted in lakes, which is spectacular and can be potted in bottles. Since ancient times, precious aquatic flowers in palace gardens and private gardens have been favored by people more and more, and are widely used in modern landscape gardens.

(A) Lotus Waterscape

Lotus garden 1:

Recently, there are three kinds of special lotus gardens in China: one is the garden botanical garden in Moshan, East Lake, Wuhan, which opens up a large area of aquatic flowers to watch and study lotus flowers; First, Nanjing Mochou Lake, Hangzhou new "Qu Yuan Feng He" and other large parks, mainly to enjoy lotus; The other is the lotus folk tourism resource scenic spot which is mainly based on wild interest and combined with tourism, such as the Lotus World in Sanshui, Guangdong, and the Tuanhu Scenic Spot in Yueyang, Hunan.

2. The theme of landscape garden is waterscape plants: As the saying goes, "A garden without mountains is not strong, and a mountain without water is not beautiful". In China gardens, it is very common to decorate water features with lotus flowers. There are many famous gardens in Jiangnan, and there are terraces to enjoy the lotus. There is a "lianhua bridge" on the bank of the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou. The jade pavilions on the bridge are patchwork, simple and elegant in shape, exquisite and unique, which set each other off with the lotus flowers in the lake. It is the best place in Slender West Lake. Lotus Square in Jinxiyuan, Yueyang is built by the water, connected with the winding fence, fragrant cattails and enjoying lotus in the rain, which is deeply loved by the masses.

3. Be a summer flower that can be enjoyed in all seasons: different landscapes in all seasons are the gardening rules that China gardeners abide by. Plum blossoms resist winter, willows welcome spring, green lotus relieves summer heat, and tung leaves surprise autumn. The green viewing period of lotus is as long as 8 months, and the flowering period is about 2~3 months. In summer and autumn, cicadas are few, peaches and plums are silent, and graceful lotus flowers exude a refreshing fragrance in a clear water, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.

4. Foreground, middle scene and main scene in multi-level arrangement: China gardens pay great attention to the change of levels when arranging plants, so as to form rich landscapes with different heights and distances. The combination of willow and lotus is a typical technique. Liu E once summed up Daming Lake in Jinan with "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, and a city with mountains and lakes on half sides". Yuhu Park in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, with catkins flying in the spring and small rivers pointed; In summer and autumn, the flowers and leaves are graceful and the willows are green; In winter, the snow is covered with willow silk, and the residual lotus is audible, which is a beautiful scenic spot.

5. As a "filter" for polluted water by industrial wastes, the underground stems of lotus root can absorb the products of pollutants decomposed by aerobic microorganisms in water, and lotus root can help the polluted water to restore the food chain structure and promote the water ecosystem to gradually realize a virtuous cycle.

(2) Lotus potted plants and bonsai

Lotus has a strong adaptability to the growing environment. It can not only spit red and wave green in lakes and ponds, but also be elegant and decorate the world in small pots and bowls. In the history of Dutch culture in China, the form of potted lotus was originally used for private courtyard viewing. Nowadays, potted lotus is widely used in gardens all over China. The combination of potted plants and pond planting improves the ornamental value of potted lotus, which often appears in garden waterscape and garden sketches. Lotus waterstone bonsai is a new kind of bonsai in Hangzhou in recent years. It is an organic combination of lotus potted plants and water stone potted plants, which not only reflects the firmness and straightness of rocks, but also shows the delicate and charming lotus flowers. Lotus bonsai can choose coral stone, sand stone, axe stone, English stone and other rocks as materials.

(3) Lotus arrangement

Chinese flower arrangement began in the Six Dynasties and originated from offering flowers before the Buddha. As the sacred flower of Buddhism, it can be said that arranging flowers facilitates the lotus to form an indissoluble bond when it rises. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, offering flowers was still the main form of flower arrangement. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the art of flower arrangement developed greatly. At this time, the depth and skill of lotus flower arrangement rose to a new height, which can be called the heyday of ancient flower arrangement art in China. Today, people have made more in-depth research on lotus flower arrangement. Not only the materials such as lotus, lotus leaf, lotus root and lotus fruit are widely used in flower arrangement, but also the ornamental effects of these materials are scientifically compared. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to choose small and medium-sized varieties for lotus flower arrangement, and at the same time, it is also appropriate to match the branches, leaves and fruits of other plants, so as to strive for bright colors and bright composition, and the ornamental effect can last for 3 to 4 days.

(D) carry forward the "harmonious" culture in China.

China's excellent traditional culture has always attached importance to advocating peace and harmony. The most representative words in this respect are Confucius' two sentences. One is "harmony but difference"; One is "harmony is precious". The "harmony" in China culture is by no means a reconciliation that does not emphasize differences and contradictions. It refers to the integration of differences and diversity. This kind of integration is the most valuable. There are 56 ethnic groups and 34 administrative regions in China, and there are differences and contradictions among ethnic groups. In the face of such differences and contradictions, it is most valuable to always adhere to national unity and the reunification of the motherland and adhere to this "harmony" stance. Abandoning this position of "harmony" means abandoning the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

Because "lotus" is homophonic with "harmony" and "lotus" is homophonic with "Lian" and "Lian", in China traditional culture, lotus is often regarded as a symbol of peace, harmony, cooperation, resultant force, unity and unity. The nobility of lotus symbolizes the cause of peace and the nobility of a harmonious world. Therefore, in a sense, rewarding the lotus is also a promotion of China's "harmony" culture. Lotus varieties are rich and colorful, which means "harmony but difference", but together they form a noble lotus world, which means "harmony but difference is more precious". I sincerely hope that in the process of promoting the culture of peace and harmony, the lotus culture can be understood and familiar by more people. Carrying forward Chinese "harmony" culture is of special significance for us to promote the reunification of the motherland, safeguard world peace and build a harmonious society.

The origin of lotus alias

The name of< me > Lotus.

1. is named after its appearance.

Lotus: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica explains: "Lotus stems carry leaves and leaves carry flowers, hence the name." Hibiscus: Also known as Hibiscus. The Chinese dictionary Erya explains: "Lotus contains Pupu." Another book, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, said, "It's not lotus, it's hibiscus." Li Shizhen also said that the hibiscus flower means "to dress up brilliantly", so it is no wonder that Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Han Dynasty, compared his wife Zhuo Wenjun to the hibiscus flower of water.

2. Named after its growth habits.

Shuizhi, Huashui, Yunshui, Shuidan, Shui Mu and Zezhi: Because lotus is a perennial aquatic plant, the ancients classified it as an aquatic plant, and most of them started with the word "water". Cao Zhi, a litterateur of the Three Kingdoms, praised "a hundred flowers blossom, and there is no flower soul" in the Lotus Fu, and compared the lotus to Ganoderma lucidum in the water.

3. Named after the holy and elegant temperament of lotus.

Junzihua, Ling Boxian, Shuigongxian, Yuhuan, etc. According to the North Dream Story, Tang Chaoyuan lived in Wuzhong (now Suzhou) with Su Changyuan from 806 to 820, and met a pink-faced girl from plain clothes and gave him a jade ring. Soon, he found a lotus flower in the pool of his yard, and a jade ring in the pistil, but it was "absolutely broken" and later generations called it the jade ring.

& lt second > alias lotus root

Jade Festival: Lotus root is the underground stem of lotus, white as jade, with knots, hence the name.

Yu Linglong: Lotus root is as white as a wrist, hence the name.

Jade arm dragon: According to legend, Cui Yuanjia, a famous house in the late Tang Dynasty, is located in the south of Chang 'an, with a wedge pool inside. Dig out a giant lotus root from the pool, which looks like a dragon, hence the name Jade Arm Dragon, also known as Wedge Treasure.

& lt Third > Lotus Seed Alias

Jade pupa: Lotus seeds are as white as jade and look like insect pupa. In the poem "Lotus Seed" written by an anonymous person in ancient times, it said: "It is not the honey in the lotus nest that makes the jade pupa not a bee." Therefore, lotus seeds have another name of white jade pupa.

Lake orders: Lotus seeds are named after being born in the lake and shaped like eyes. Pi Rixiu's poem "Xia Jingchong": "The rooftop is rejuvenated for thousands of years, and the lake is full of flowers." Su Shi also mentioned in the poem "Recalling Jiangnan to Send Pure Ru": "The lake is also worth seeing, and the wooden slaves come."

The origin of lotus

Lotus is called "living fossil" and is one of the earliest plants in angiosperms.

Before humans appeared, about 104500 years ago, most of the earth was covered by oceans, lakes and swamps. At that time, the climate was bad, disasters were frequent, there were no animals, most plants were eliminated, and only a few wild plants with strong vitality grew on this barren land. Among them, there is an aquatic plant that we call "Lotus" today, which has withstood the test of nature and stubbornly survived in amur river (now Heilongjiang), the Yellow River, the Yangtze River basin and the swamp lakes in the northern hemisphere. About 9,000 years later, primitive humans began to appear. In order to survive, human beings collect wild fruits to satisfy their hunger, and soon find that the wild fruits and root nodes of this "lotus" (namely lotus seeds and lotus roots) are not only edible, but also sweet and delicious. Gradually, "Lotus", a food source for human survival, was deeply imprinted in the hearts of our ancestors, primitive humans, and became a symbol of human survival.

Until the Neolithic Age in 56000 BC, with the emergence of farming culture, human beings began to learn more about lotus. At that time, in order to meet the water demand of life, human beings generally settled in river banks and lakes or swamps with natural springs, and these areas were just the main distribution areas of wild lotus. From the unearthed cultural relics, it is found that there are carbonized wheat grains and two lotus seeds on the indoor table in the site of Yangshao Culture excavated in Beidahe Village, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, which has a history of 5000 years. In the continuous productive labor, human beings have accumulated rich perceptual knowledge about the growth habits and living environment of lotus, which laid a good foundation for the emergence and development of ancient paste flower culture in China.

The Formation of Culture —— Lotus Culture from Western Zhou Dynasty to Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period

From 1 1 century BC, China entered the feudal era-the Western Zhou Dynasty from a long slave society. Lotus also entered people's field ponds from the wild state of lakes and swamps during this period. "Zhou Shu" contains "Qi Ze has been exhausted, and the lotus root has been dug." It can be seen that the wild lotus at that time had begun to be used as an edible vegetable. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people gave proper nouns to various organs of lotus. The earliest dictionary in China, Erya in the early Han Dynasty, records: "Lotus, lotus, its stem eggplant, its leaves, its original density, its painting lotus, actually lotus, its root lotus, among which lotus seeds are lotus seeds." The understanding of lotus has a certain concept.

Lotus has entered people's work and life with its practicality, and at the same time it has penetrated into people's spiritual world with its gorgeous colors and elegant charm. The earliest collection of poems in China, The Book of Songs, describes lotus flowers: "There are Fu Su, Ji and Lotus flowers in the mountains." "Where there is a vicious, there is a lotus." Lotus was introduced as an ornamental plant and planted in the garden pond. It was first built in 473 BC by Fu Cha, King of Wu, in his detached palace (now Lingyan Mountain in Suzhou) to pay tribute to his beloved princess. The bronze craft treasure "Lotus Crane Square Pot" in the Spring and Autumn Period (Gao 1 18 cm in the Palace Museum) reflects the important role played by lotus in the spirit of the times from the artistic aspect. This craft treasure is made of real and natural materials, and the lotus pattern summarizes the image, and the dragon and the fly leap. It can be seen that the lotus flower, like the deified dragon, mantis and crane, has become a symbol of lofty holiness in people's minds.

& lt Third, the development of Dutch culture-Lotus culture from Qin and Han Dynasties to Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, warlords were separated, wars were frequent, and working life was in dire straits. Qin Shihuang unified China in 22 1 BC, ending the melee. In this unified empire, lotus culture has been fully developed and gradually penetrated into agriculture, economy, medicine, religion, art and other fields.

The Han Dynasty was an unprecedented period of agricultural development in China, which also played an important role in the cultivation and development of lotus. Before the Han Dynasty, all lotus varieties in China were single-petaled red lotus. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the double petal lotus appeared. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were thousands of lotus petals.

Since the Western Han Dynasty, China's official and private businesses have developed rapidly, enriching the types of goods in various regions, which is of great significance to the spread and distribution of lotus flowers. Lotus root, a specialty of Jiangling, Hefei, Chengdu and other places, entered the north through these central markets, which fundamentally expanded the distribution area of lotus, made the people in the north know more about lotus, and thus greatly improved the cultivation technology of lotus. In the Book of Qi Yao Min written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a "method of planting lotus roots": "In the early spring, lotus roots are dug and planted in the mud of fish ponds, and then there are lotus flowers." ; There is also a method of "planting lotus seeds": "On August 9th, if the lotus seeds are hard and black, grind the shower heads on the tiles to make the skin thin, and seal them with cooked mud, such as three fingers long and two inches long, so that the shower heads are sharpened, and the mud is dried and thrown under the heavy mud in the pool. The skin is naturally thin and easy to grow, and it will come out soon. If you don't grind, the skin will be hard and thick. It can be seen that the cultivation techniques of lotus on both sides of the Central Plains were quite superb at that time.

Since Qin and Han Dynasties, China medicine has started a new development. After tasting all kinds of herbs, Shennong in Han Dynasty summed up a set of good prescriptions for treating diseases, namely "Herbal Classic", also known as "Shennong Herbal Classic", which described the medicinal and health-care functions of lotus root. Hua Tuo, a native of Qiaoxian County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous imperial doctor in the medical history of China. Before the operation, he first gave the patient Mafeisan to make him unconscious, cut the abdomen and back to sew up the wound, and finally applied a plaster made of lotus root skin, which could be cured in four or five days. Lotus has become a wonderful flower in China's medical treasure house.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Yuefu songs gradually became popular, resulting in many beautiful lotus picking songs. Among them, the Lotus Picking Song (also known as the Lotus Picker and the Lotus Picker by the Lake) is one of the most popular traditional folk songs and dances in China.

& lt Fourth, the prosperity of lotus culture-Lotus culture from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cultivation techniques of lotus were further improved, and the cultural contents of lotus such as poetry, painting, sculpture and handicrafts were more colorful. In food culture, lotus has further become a valuable tonic for people's health care. At the same time, lotus has entered private gardens with its colorful and elegant appearance. For example, in the southeast corner outside Chang 'an, there was Yichun Garden in Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was renamed Furong Garden after the Sui Dynasty established Chang 'an as its capital. The Wind and Lotus in the Qu Yuan of Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Especially after the rule of Zhenguan, the application of lotus became more and more extensive and became the source of inspiration for arts and crafts artists. For example, porcelain and bronze mirrors in the Sui and Tang Dynasties were decorated with lotus patterns. Gold and silver vessels, especially the rim, are decorated with rich lotus petals, and the overall style is gorgeous and true. The dyeing and weaving industry in Song Dynasty has a higher development than that in Tang Dynasty. The lotus silk pattern "quaint" created by Kerou Zhu, a famous female painter and silk worker, is a masterpiece. Woodblock New Year pictures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties often use auspicious lotus patterns such as "Lotus (your son)" and "Lotus (fish) over many years old" to express people's thoughts and wishes.

In the history of artistic painting in China, the fine lotus flowers are even more colorful. The most famous is "Lotus Out of the Water" by Wu Bing of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, which vividly and delicately depicts the fresh and refined style of lotus. There is also the Lotus and Mandarin Duck Picture by Zhang Zizheng, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty.

References:

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Respondent: quiet and restless-14 grade 2008-4-1311:22

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