Mencius visited Liang. Liang said, "old man, you really come from afar." You must have some good ideas for my country. "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty! Why talk about profits? Only talk about benevolence and righteousness. The king said, "How does my country benefit?" The doctor said, "How can I benefit my fief?" Ordinary people and ordinary people say,' how can I benefit myself?' As a result, the country is at stake! In a country with 10 thousand personnel carriers, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with 1000 personnel carriers; In a country with/kloc-0.000 chariots, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with/kloc-0.000 chariots. There are 1,000 of these doctors in countries with 10,000 vehicles and 100 in countries with 1,000 vehicles. They don't have much. However, if righteousness is put behind and benefit is put in front, they will never be satisfied until they win the status of monarch. On the other hand, people who never talk about "benevolence" abandon their parents, and people who never give lectures ignore Wang. Therefore, the king only said benevolence and righteousness, why did he say profit? "

2. Translation

Mencius visited Liang. King Hui of Liang stood by the pond, looking around Hongyan Elk, waiting for the birds and animals, and said, "Does the sage enjoy this?"

Mencius replied: "It is precisely because talented people can be inferior. Even with these things, people without virtue cannot be happy." The Book of Songs says:' Start planning to build a funeral platform, and carefully make ingenious arrangements. People from all over the world are coming to work, and it will be built soon in a few days. There was no rush to build the platform, but people came by themselves. The king visited the spiritual garden, and the doe curled up in the deep grass. The doe's fur is plump and moist, and Bai Niao's feathers are clean. The king visited Lingema and the fish in the pond jumped happily. "Although Zhou Wenwang built high platforms and deep pools with the labor of ordinary people, ordinary people are very happy. They called that platform' Lingtai' and that pool' Lingfen', and they were very happy that there were rare birds and animals such as elk, fish and turtles in it. Ancient kings and people were very happy together, so they were really happy. On the contrary, Tang Shi said,' When will your grandson die? I'd rather be destroyed with you! People can't wait to die with you Even if you have a pool too high and too deep, can you enjoy happiness alone? "

3. Translation

Liang said: "I am very dedicated to governing the country!" " When there is a famine in the south of the Yellow River, the victims there will be moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the food in the east will be transported to Henan. I did the same thing when there was a famine in Hedong. Look at the monarchs of neighboring countries presiding over political affairs. No one tries as hard as I do. But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, and my number has not increased. What is the reason? "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, you like fighting. I use fighting as an analogy. The drums were ringing and the fighting was fierce. The defeated soldiers threw down their helmets and fled with their weapons. Some ran hundreds of steps before stopping, while others stopped after running fifty steps. Do you think it's okay for people who run 50 steps to laugh at people who run 100 steps? "

Liang said, "No way. He just didn't escape a hundred paces away, but he also fled! "

Mencius said: "Your Majesty, since you know this truth, you don't have to expect the people in your country to increase compared with those in neighboring countries. As long as it doesn't go against the farming season, the food won't be finished; If the dense fishing nets don't enter the pond, fish and turtles can't finish eating aquatic products; When trees are cut down regularly, wood will be inexhaustible. Food and fish are inexhaustible, and wood is inexhaustible, so that ordinary people can support their families and bury the dead without regret. It is the beginning of king to die for the people without regret. "

"Next to the five-acre residential field, mulberry trees are planted, and fifty-year-old people can wear silk; Chickens, ducks, pigs and dogs are kept in season, and people over 70 can often eat meat. A family grows 100 acres of land, but does not cultivate in the farming season, and a family of several does not suffer from famine. Pay attention to the education of rural schools, emphasize the principle of filial piety to the elders, and let the gray-haired old people no longer appear on the road with their heads on their shoulders. People over 70 can wear silk to eat fish, and ordinary people are not short of clothes and food. No one will ever do this without becoming the king of the world. "

"Now, pigs and dogs eat people's food and don't know how to stop it. People who starve to death appear on the road and don't know how to help the hungry. When people die, they say,' It doesn't matter to me, it's because the years are bad'. What's the difference between killing people and saying,' It's nothing to do with me, it's a weapon'? Your majesty, if you can't blame the famine year, then people all over the world will flock to you. "

4. Translation

Liang said to him, "I'm happy to listen to your advice."

Mencius replied, "Is there a difference between killing with a stick and killing with a knife?" Liang said to him, "There is no difference." Mencius asked again, "Is there a difference between killing with a knife and killing with politics?" Liang replied, "There is no difference."

Mencius went on to say, "There is fat in the kitchen and strong horses in the stable, but the people are starving, and those lying in the wild are starving." This is equivalent to the superior person leading the beast to eat people! Beasts kill each other, but people still hate them; As the parents of ordinary people, if they engage in politics, it will inevitably lead to beasts eating people. How can they be the parents of ordinary people? Confucius said,' Whoever buries clay figurines first will have no children!' This is only because the puppet is too much like a living person to be buried with him. How can people starve to death alive? "

5. Translation

King Hui said, "You know, old man, Jin was once a world power. But by this time, the East was defeated by Qi, and even my eldest son died. The west gave 700 miles of land to Qin; The south was insulted by Chu. I am very ashamed of these things and hope to avenge all the victims. What can I do? "

Mencius replied, "As long as Fiona Fang has a hundred miles of land, it can conquer the whole world. If the king is kind to the people, he will reduce the punishment, collect less taxes, plough deeply and weed in time; Let able-bodied people take time to cultivate the virtues of filial piety, loyalty and trustworthiness, serve their parents and brothers at home and respect their elders and superiors when they go out. In this way, they can make wooden sticks and attack Qin Chujun with strong armor and sharp knives and guns. " Because the rulers of Qin Chu deprived their people of productive time, they could not support their parents through intensive cultivation. Parents are hungry and cold, and brothers, wives and concubines are scattered here and there. They threw the people into the abyss and the king attacked them. Who will resist you? Therefore, it is said:' People who practice benevolent policies are invincible in the world.' Your majesty, please don't doubt it! "