The Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) is a dynasty after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China, and nine emperors enjoyed 167. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is also called Song. Because the royal family is surnamed Zhao, it is also called Zhao.
The Southern Song Dynasty (1 127- 1279) was a dynasty in the history of China. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou, with Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) as its capital, was called the Song Dynasty together with the Northern Song Dynasty. * * * spread to the five emperors and enjoyed the country for 152 years.
2. Field
The northeast of the Northern Song Dynasty is bounded by Haihe River in Bazhou, Hebei Province and Yanmenguan in Shanxi Province. The northwest is bounded by Hengshan Mountain in Shaanxi, East Gansu and Huangshui in Qinghai. The southwest is bounded by Minshan and Dadu River. Song Shenzong opened the Xihe River to recover Hehuang, and Song Huizong designated Longyou as the capital of Khufu in northern Qinghai, and redeemed the seven states of Youyun with heavy money.
Compared with the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern and southwestern borders of the Southern Song Dynasty changed little, but the northern border moved southward greatly due to the invasion of the Jin people, and the two sides decided to take the then Yellow River as the boundary. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (the first year of Di Chin Tong), Song and Jin agreed to take the Huaihe River as the boundary. In the second year, the western boundary was adjusted to Dasanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), south of Qinling Mountains.
3. Agricultural development
In the tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were groups of iron farm tools, such as plows, hoes, rakes, hoes and sickles. Among them, there are many intertillage farm tools such as harrows and hoes, which shows that farmers attach importance to intensive cultivation and increase farming procedures.
When he was in Song Taizong, he built a vicious pond in Hebei, built a 600-mile-long dam and weir, set up a bucket door, diverted water for irrigation, planted rice and achieved a bumper harvest. The achievements of water conservancy construction in South China are more remarkable, among which the larger ones are Jiangbei Hanhai Weir, Zhejiang Hanhai Shitang, Qiantang River Dike and West Lake.
One of the most remarkable characteristics of agriculture in the Southern Song Dynasty is that the tenancy system has developed to an unprecedented historical stage. The landlord recruits customers to farm the land, and the customers only pay the land rent to the landlord and do not undertake other obligations.
In most areas, after the customer's contract expires, the customer can retire and move, and the personal attachment relationship is greatly weakened. The guest was directly incorporated into the household registration of the Song Dynasty, and assumed part of the national tax, so it was no longer the "private property" of the landlord, thus gaining certain personal freedom. With the development of commodity economy, farmers in the Southern Song Dynasty were free to migrate and turn to cities to engage in handicraft or commercial activities.
4. Culture
Although the achievements of poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty are not as good as those in the Tang Dynasty, they also have their own characteristics. Song poetry likes reasoning, still discusses and is good at reasoning; I often observe objective things with a calm mind, "taking Fang Xue as a poem", preferring to use allusions, which makes me look profound; The composition and syntax of prose are often introduced into poetry, and the structural means, narrative methods and language styles tend to be unremarkable.
There are not only a large number of writers and works in the Southern Song Dynasty literature, but also their own characteristics in connotation and artistic expression, and they are not "vassals" of the Northern Song Dynasty literature. In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, literati groups were divided according to the violation of the imperial examination system, and Jianghu poets entered the literary stage, which led to the decline of culture. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the focus shifted twice: from north to south, from elegance to vulgarity.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Northern Song Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern Song Dynasty
What was the social background of the Southern Song Dynasty? The Southern Song Dynasty (1 127 ~ 1279) was a small dynasty established by the royal family of the Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has been under the threat of the State of Jin until it was destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty, and it failed to restore the rule of the Song Dynasty in northern China. Beginning with the emperor Zhao Gou, he finally defended the king, the Nine Emperors. The Southern Song Dynasty was extremely weak and extreme. Since Zhao Gou, once the emperor did nothing and the treacherous court official came to power, it was the weakest dynasty.
In A.D. 1 127, after the state of Jin withdrew from Kaifeng, Zhang Bangchang was appointed as the puppet emperor. Because Zhang Bangchang was originally from Steven Song, and later gave him gold, Kaifeng soldiers and civilians hated him, and a large part of the old Song Dynasty courtiers asked him to abdicate. In desperation, in the name of Queen Mother Meng, King Kang was made emperor. On May 1st, the second year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 127), Zhao Gou, King of Kang, officially acceded to the throne as Song Gaozong. However, the rebel Zhang Bangchang was crowned king in the name of defending the country. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong's reign, Xu Jin continued to invade southern China in the name of abolishing Zhang Bangchang. Since then, in A.D. 1 129, in order to strengthen the rule of the state of Jin over the area south of the Yellow River, Liu Yu was made emperor, with the title of Qi, which was called "pseudo-Qi" in history. The Song Dynasty also sent troops to the Northern Expedition, under the command of Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun and other anti-Jin generals. On both sides of the Yellow River, the puppet Qi army and the Jin allied army were once defeated. Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong, took Qin Gui as prime minister in 65438 AD and pursued a peace policy. 1 14 1 year, Qin Gui dismissed Han Shizhong, the general who resisted gold, imprisoned Yue Fei on trumped-up charges, and killed his father and son on New Year's Eve (114265438+1October 28th). All other civilian commanders who supported Yue Fei and loyal opposition Jin were also condemned. Song Gaozong returned the sovereignty of the southeast half of the country at the expense of paying tribute. After Emperor Gaozong, the development of Song and Jin countries was relatively stable. Xu Jin invaded the south several times, but most of them fell by the wayside. During the reign of Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Northern Expedition was also carried out, but the territory was not recovered. By A.D. 1207, Shi was in power in the Southern Song Dynasty, continued to pursue the peace policy, and restored his title and posthumous title. However, at this time, the strength of the state of Jin is not as good as before. Not only can we not go south, but we must always guard against the rise of Mongolian forces from the northwest. Subsequently, in July of 12 14, according to Zhen's memorial, the Southern Song Dynasty decided not to pay tribute to Jin from now on, and Jin had already been hit by Mongolia. In order to expand the territory and make up for the areas occupied by Mongolia, Jin invaded the south in the name of "no longer accepting the old coins of the Song Dynasty", and the Southern Song Dynasty joined forces with Mongolia to fight against the Jin Army. In A.D. 1234, Cai Zhou, the state of Jin, was captured by the allied forces of Mongolia and Song, and Jin Aizong hanged himself, and Jin perished. After the death of Jin, the Southern Song Dynasty not only failed to gain temporary peace, but also faced a more powerful enemy-Mongolia. After the destruction of gold, the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to recover the land occupied by Mongolia when it withdrew its troops. However, in the Southern Song Dynasty, peace was always the most important, and there was no strong military force, so sending troops did not achieve the expected purpose. This move in the Southern Song Dynasty became an excuse for Mongolia's invasion to the south. In 1235, the Mongols invaded the south for the first time and were repelled. Meng Jun is unwilling to fail. In September of the following year, how was the local peace in the Southern Song Dynasty? Local Peace in the Southern Song Dynasty: After the change of Jingkang, the Song royal family lost the land north of Huaihe River, and Zhao Gou made Lin 'an its capital, so the peace faction gained power. Therefore, they did not want to recover the land in the north and shamefully made peace with Kim. They only kept a piece of land in the south of the Yangtze River, which was called "partial peace in the south of the Yangtze River" in history.
Partial, in short, is to temporarily live in a remote place, temporarily settle down and prepare for the counterattack. Mainly refers to living in Jiangnan area.
In A.D. 1 127, after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu (Shangqiu, Henan) and established Song Gaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Just a few years before Zhao Gou ascended the throne, the nomads from the Jin Dynasty invaded the south many times. Zhao Gou fled from Yingtianfu to Yangzhou, ran to Lin 'an (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and had to go to Wenzhou by sea. Later, the Song Jun navy defeated the nomads. After the return of the northern nomads, Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou settled in Lin 'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty began their career of being partial to the south of the Yangtze River.
Extended data
The Southern Song Dynasty (1 127-1279) was a dynasty in the history of China. Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou rebuilt the Song Dynasty in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. It is bordered by Huaishui in the east, Daguanguan in the west and the rulers. Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with Xixia, Jin Dynasty and Dali.
The Southern Song Dynasty lies to the south of Huaihe River. China was a dynasty with developed feudal economy, advanced ancient science and technology and a high degree of opening to the outside world, but its military strength was weak and its politics was incompetent.
1 127, Nandu of Kangde, with its capital in Lin 'an, established the Southern Song Dynasty. 1279, Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea with Zhao Min on his back and died in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty lasted 152 years and experienced nine emperors: Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong, Ningzong, Lizong, Duzong, Gongdi, Duanzong and Didi.
The Southern Song Dynasty followed the Northern Song Dynasty in many fields, such as politics and military affairs. A series of measures to strengthen centralization in central and local power, bureaucracy, justice and military power. On the basis of recruiting defeated soldiers and loyal soldiers in the military, we started the road of military reconstruction, and finally formed several powerful military forces, so Yue Jiajun and Han Jiajun appeared.
The Southern Song Dynasty was a period of strengthening centralization and "strengthening cadres and supporting the weak". The Southern Song Dynasty inherited the policy of "strengthening cadres and weakening branches" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and adopted a series of measures to strengthen centralization in central and local power, bureaucracy, justice and military power, which provided a good domestic environment for maintaining internal unity, social stability and economic development.
Judging from the employment system, the Southern Song Dynasty was an era of so-called "the emperor and the literati ruled the world together". In the Southern Song Dynasty, the selection of scholars was not restricted by family background. As long as you are not a felon, even industrial and commercial, miscellaneous, monks, farmers, and even butchers who kill pigs and cattle can take the exam to award officials. Most of the champions in the imperial examinations in the Southern Song Dynasty were civilians.
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Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern Song Dynasty
In which city is the capital of Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty located today? The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was Kaifeng, Tokyo, which is today Kaifeng, Henan. The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and later moved to Lin 'an Prefecture (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province).
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An overview of the history of Southern Song Dynasty
In A.D. 1 127, the ninth son survived the Jingkang Revolution, with its capital in Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), and the country name was still Song Dynasty, which was called the Southern Song Dynasty in history. 1 138, the song dynasty moved south to Lin' an prefecture (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Xu Jin went south several times, but failed to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. The Northern Expedition failed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty confronted Xu Jin. In A.D. 1 14 1, Song and Jin reached a peace agreement in Shaoxing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the area north of the Huaihe River was abandoned and the Huaihe River-Dasanguan was the dividing line between the two sides. In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, traitors were frequent and corrupt, and Mongolians in Mobei grassland began to rise.
1206 Genghis Khan unified Mobei grassland to establish Mongolia, and 12 1 1 year began a large-scale invasion of the Jin Dynasty. 12 18 destroys the western Liao, 1227 destroys the western Xia, and 1234 destroys the gold. 1235, Mongolia invaded the Southern Song Dynasty, and the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty fought to the death. Until 1276 was captured in Lin 'an, and 1279 Song Jun was defeated in the naval battle of Yashan. Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Emperor Zhao Min at the end of the Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty ended.
The Southern Song Dynasty followed the Northern Song Dynasty in many fields, such as politics and military affairs. A series of measures to strengthen centralization in central and local power, bureaucracy, justice and military power. On the basis of recruiting defeated soldiers and loyal soldiers in the military, we started the road of military reconstruction, and finally formed several powerful military forces, so Yue Jiajun and Han Jiajun appeared.
Although the Southern Song Dynasty was located in the south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, it was a dynasty with prosperous economy and culture and a high degree of opening to the outside world in the history of China. The direct cause of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty was the devastating impact of nomadic people on the advanced relations of production in the Song Dynasty, which made the eastern advanced civilization, which had been in the rising stage, gradually decline.
An overview of the history of Northern Song Dynasty
In the seventh year of Xiande (960), the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor, established the Song Dynasty, made Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo its capital, and changed it to Stegosaurus. Later, the military power was released through a glass of wine, and the general power and financial power were concentrated in the central government, avoiding the chaotic situation of the separatist regime in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. But it also led to the defeat of the Song Dynasty in the war with Liao, Xixia and Jin. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the disaster of Jingkang occurred, and the following year was destroyed by the state of Jin.
The northeast of the Northern Song Dynasty is bounded by Haihe River in Bazhou, Hebei Province and Yanmenguan in Shanxi Province. The northwest is bounded by Hengshan Mountain in Shaanxi, East Gansu and Huangshui in Qinghai. The southwest is bounded by Minshan and Dadu River. Song Shenzong opened the Xihe River to recover Hehuang, and Song Huizong designated Longyou as the capital of Khufu in northern Qinghai, and redeemed the seven states of Youyun with heavy money.
The political system of the Song Dynasty generally followed the political system of the Tang Dynasty, adopting the decentralization mode, with many people as prime ministers, and implementing the official system of separating official titles from actual positions, which played an important role in safeguarding national unity and also caused the situation of "accumulating poverty and accumulating weakness". [6]
Some people think that the Northern Song Dynasty was the most prosperous economic and cultural era in the ancient history of China. Confucianism is revived, science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, politics is more enlightened, and economy and culture are prosperous. In the third year of Xianping (1000), the GDP was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world, and the per capita GDP was $450, exceeding the Western Europe's $400 at that time. During the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the popularity of Zhancheng rice, the population increased rapidly from 3,765,438+million in the five years of Taiping and Xingguo (980) to 1 124/260,000 in the six years of Xuanhe.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, foreign relations developed further on the basis of the Tang Dynasty. In East Asia, they have close exchanges with North Korea and Japan. In Southeast Asia, they have also strengthened their ties with Vietnam and Indonesia, which has also affected West Asia and Africa.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Northern Song Baidu Encyclopedia: Southern Song Dynasty
The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty;
In A.D. 1 127, after the change of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, survived, made its capital in Tianfu, and built a temple to claim the title of emperor. His country name is Song Dynasty, which is called Southern Song Dynasty in history.
1 138, the song dynasty moved its capital to Lin' an prefecture. Xu Jin went south several times, but failed to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. The Northern Expedition failed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty confronted Xu Jin.
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After Xiaozong ascended the throne in the Southern Song Dynasty, he reformed and tried to restore it. When the Song Dynasty entered a period of relative prosperity, Xiao Zong Yue Fei wronged the territory prison of the Southern Song Dynasty and recovered the Central Plains with leading figures.
In April of the first year of Longxing, Xiao Zong ordered Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan to send troops to the Northern Expedition. Although the Northern Expedition was once successful, it failed in only 20 days because of the discord among generals and the thought of underestimating the enemy.
Later, Xiaozong had to negotiate with Kim. In December of the second year of Longxing, Song and Jin formally signed a peace treaty, which was called Longxing Peace Treaty in history. However, Xiao Zong still remembers to restore the Central Plains and continue to rectify armaments.
However, due to the death of a group of hawkish generals, the Northern Expedition came to an end. In the internal affairs, Xiaozong actively rectified the bureaucracy, abolished redundant officials, punished corruption, strengthened centralization and attached importance to agricultural production.
Generally speaking, the internal situation of the Song Dynasty has changed. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Xiao Zong became more and more indifferent to politics, and finally decided to give way to his son Zhao Dun, that is, Guangzong.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern Song Dynasty
What happened between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty? Song Dynasty can be divided into two stages. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, and his title was still Song, which was called the Southern Song Dynasty in history.
In 960 AD, the generals of the Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor, and established the Song Dynasty, that is, the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Huizong's ninth son, Zhao Gou, acceded to the throne in Nanjing at Tianfu, and his title is still Song, which is called the Southern Song Dynasty in history. After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum and the Huaihe River were bounded by Jin State, 1234, song and yuan war broke out 1235, Lin 'an fell to the Yuan Dynasty 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.
The Song Dynasty was founded more than 300 years ago and was overthrown twice, both because of foreign invasion. This is the only dynasty that did not die of civil strife.
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Because of the prosperity of Songzhou, it is called Song, and because of the royal family's surname Zhao, it is also called Da Song, so it is nicknamed "Fire Song" and "Yan Song". Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was called Tokyo. After the gradual unification of China, its territory reached the north of the Yellow River relative to the Southern Song Dynasty, so it was called the Northern Song Dynasty by later generations.
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Jin Bing captured Tokyo and died in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Gaozong ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao was the first emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Lin 'an House (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) was the capital of Shaoxing, called Hangzi.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty
Where is the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty? Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
II. Introduction
Lin 'an was originally Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty and belonged to Yuhang County. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), the Navy Festival was changed to Ning. In the first year of Daguan in Song Zhenzong (1 107), he was promoted to Shuai Fu. Under the old leadership, there are two military regions in western Zhejiang.
After the Jingkang Rebellion, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty, and Song Gaozong fled to the south to establish the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to show the determination to recover their homeland, Miao and Liu made suggestions for three years after the mutiny (1 129), and Hangzhou was promoted to Lin 'an Prefecture, known as Hangzai, also known as Hangdu, and the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was still called the capital of the capital.
It was not until the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138) that Lin 'an was established as its capital. Jurisdiction over Qiantang, Renhe, Lin 'an, Yuhang, Yuqian, Changhua, Fuyang, Xincheng and Gongyan nine counties.
According to Xian Chun's Records of Lin 'an, the population of Lin 'an Prefecture at that time had reached 65.438+0.24 million. Scholars and skilled craftsmen among northern immigrants have promoted the economic and cultural development of Hangzhou. Among them, silk, papermaking, printing, ceramics and shipbuilding are particularly developed.
Lin 'an was originally developed by Qian's family in Wu Yueguo, Sui County, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and it was seven miles away in Fiona Fang. It expanded in the Southern Song Dynasty and was divided into Luocheng and Miyagi. Luocheng is an outer city, with 13 gate, across Wu Shan in the south, Qiantang in the east and West Lake in the west. With the help of Phoenix, Jiangtai and Wu Shan Wansongling, the palace in the south of the city condescended to be Miyagi, also known as Zicheng.
This magnificent building was jointly built by Zhao Gou and Zhao Chun (Xiaozong), and it can be compared with Tokyo Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty 150 years, Lin 'an City was not only the political center of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also a prosperous commercial city. From the main streets of the city to the alleys, there are shops of all sizes. Shops in the same industry often gather in the same market. There is a constant sound of business in the street. Dozens of miles outside Lin 'an, shops are juxtaposed and transactions are booming.
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Development Status of Lin 'an (Hangzhou, Zhejiang)
Today, Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang Province, the economic, cultural, scientific and educational center of the province, and one of the central cities in the Yangtze River Delta approved by the State Council. /kloc-in the 1990s, Hangzhou's economy continued to grow rapidly. At present, its economic aggregate is second only to Guangzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu, ranking fourth in the country, and the private economy accounts for about 70% of the city's GDP.
20 16 GDP 1 105049 billion yuan, up by 9.5%, ranking first in China. The per capita GDP of the city is 12 1394 yuan, and the proportions of the three major industries are 2.8:36.0:665438+ respectively. According to the World Bank's criteria for dividing the rich and the poor, Hangzhou has reached the level of "rich country". Because there are many commercial enterprises in Hangzhou, it maintains a strong competitiveness in per capita income.
Hangzhou has an excellent investment environment in both urban and suburban areas. Almost every district and county has powerful independent enterprises, which have been awarded the title of the best commercial city in China by Forbes magazine for many years.
On March 20 15, Hangzhou became the comprehensive experimental area of cross-border electronic commerce, China, which is the only cross-border electronic commerce experimental area in China. The experimental area consists of Xiacheng Park, Xiasha Park, Airport Park, Lin 'an Park and Jianggan Park. According to the data of the 20 16 Hurun Rich List, 72 billionaires (over 100 million US dollars) were born in Zhejiang, among which 32 billionaires were born in Hangzhou, ranking ninth among cities in the world.
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Baidu Encyclopedia-Lin 'an (Capital of Southern Song Dynasty)
Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi and Yue Fei are the four great players in the Southern Song Dynasty.
1, Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun (1086- 1 154) was born in Ji Cheng, Fengxiang Prefecture (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province). Famous soldiers in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, together with Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and Liu Guangshi, were called "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhang Jun became an archer at the age of sixteen. During Song Huizong's time, he took part in the war against Xixia and suppressed the peasant uprisings in Shandong and Hebei. He helps Taiyuan raise animals. Kang Wang Zhao Gou (Song Gaozong) was appointed as Marshal's military force, and he immediately led his troops.
After Zhao Gou ascended the throne, Zhang Jun was appointed as the military commander of the Royal Barracks in Si Qian. During the Miao-Liu Rebellion, he and Han Shizhong were pinned down by Zhang Jun and settled the incident. During the Shaoxing period, the peasant uprising and Li Cheng, the general of the rebel army, were suppressed, and the invasion of the puppet Qi and the Jin Army to the south was stopped.
Together with Yue Fei and Han Shizhong, they are called Three Generals, and his ministry will be called Zhang Jiajun. After the first request for military power, he was stopped by the Tang Dynasty and became the king of Qinghe County. He also participated in promoting Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment.
Zhang Jun is greedy for money, annexing land wantonly, and collecting 600,000 tons of rent every year. Emperor Gaozong personally visited his home and was treated with courtesy. In the 26th year of Shaoxing (1 156), Zhang Jun died at the age of 69. Posthumous title is loyal to the king, ranking seventh in Wang Zhiyi.
2. Han Shizhong
Han Shizhong (109065438+1October 26th-151September15) is a cool layman. Yan 'an (now Suide County, Shaanxi Province) was a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He, Yue Fei, Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi are also called "ZTE Four Generals".
Han Shizhong is tall and brave. He was born in poverty and was drafted into the army at the age of eighteen. He is brave and good at fighting and keeps a low profile. He made great contributions to the Song Dynasty in the wars with Xixia and Jin Guo, and also made great contributions to quelling the rebellion in various places.
Honest and honest Han Shizhong refused to attach himself to the powerful minister Qin Gui. He once accused Yue Fei of being framed and was called "General Gu, the minister of the country".
Reluctantly moved to the south of the town, Wu' an and Ningguo, and established the king of Xian' an County. In his later years, Dumen thanked guests, talked about soldiers, and enjoyed himself by visiting the West Lake.
In the twenty-first year of Shaoxing (1 15 1), Han Shizhong died at the age of 63. A posthumous gift to a surname and the king of Yi Tong county. When Song Xiaozong was made Qiu, he ranked seventh in Wang Zhiyi. Xichun three years (1 176), posthumous title was "loyal to martial arts". After the game with Song Gaozong Temple.
Song Lizong is one of the 24 outstanding figures in Zhao Xun Pavilion. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Imperial Temple was more worthy of appreciation. Now there are poems such as Linjiang Xian and Nanxiangzi handed down from generation to generation.
3. Liu Guangshi
Liu Guangshi, his name is Shu Ping. Security forces (now Zhidan County, Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province). Liu Yanqing, a famous anti-gold star in Southern Song Dynasty, was one of the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" and the second son of Zhenhai.
In Song Huizong, Liu Guangshi was ordered to suppress the rebels in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, and was appointed as the deputy head of the "Ma bu" or horse stance just look stationed in Yanyan Road. Jing Kangchu led his troops to defend the border and defeated Xia Bing at Xingzibao. Nomads from the massive invasion, and Han Shizhong * * * to defend the south of the Yangtze River, repeatedly made meritorious military service, promoted to proofread Pacific Insurance, and commanded the front of the temple, thus honoring lord protector.
Later, he led troops to resist the gold, but was criticized as "appeasing the imperial army and never recovering." In the seventh year of Shaoxing (1 137), he was discharged from military power due to illness. Shaoxing for ten years (1 140), was recruited and surrendered by Sanjing. The following year, Ren Taibao, Wanshou Ambassador, hated sealing Yang Guogong.
In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), Liu Guangshi died at the age of 54. Posthumous title a surname, posthumous title "Wu Nuo". Eight years (1 172) main road, chasing the king of Ancheng County. In the first year of Song Ningzong's jubilee (1205), he became the king of Yan, ranking first among the seven kings.
4. Yue Fei
Yue Fei (165438+March 24th, 003-114265438+1October 27th) was born in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Henan). The famous anti-Jin generals, militarists, militarists, national heroes, calligraphers and poets in the Southern Song Dynasty ranked first among the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei joined the army four times since he was twenty years old. From the second year of Yan's founding (1 128) to the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), he participated in and directed hundreds of battles.
8 jin j attack jiangnan, independent, anti-jin, recover health. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), six counties in Xiangyang were recovered. In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), he led the northern expedition and successfully captured Shangzhou and Zhouguo.
In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Hong Yanzong destroyed the alliance and attacked Song, Yue Fei sent troops to the northern expedition, and the people of the two rivers rushed to tell each other. Rebels all over the country responded in succession and launched an attack on the 8 Jin Army. Yue Jiajun successively recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang, defeated Jin Jun in Yancheng and Yingchang, and marched into Zhuxian Town.
However, Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Gui made peace with one heart and urged the army to move forward with twelve "golden plates". During the Song-Jin peace talks, Yue Fei was framed and imprisoned by Qin Gui, Zhang Jun and others.
114265438+1October, he was killed together with his eldest son Yue Yun and Zhang Xi 'an. Song Xiaozong and * * * Zhao Xue were reburied in Qixialing, West Lake, chasing Wu Mu, then Zhong Wu, and sealing the king of Hubei.
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Character story:
1, Zhang Jun
In October of the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), the puppet troops sent 300,000 troops to invade the Song Dynasty on a large scale, and the troops commanded by Zhang Jun fought fiercely with the main forces of the puppet troops in the lotus pond (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), and the puppet troops were defeated.
Zhang Jun and other fresh troops arrived, and the two armies fought fiercely, and the pseudo-Qi army was defeated. Zhang Jun led the main force to pursue the pseudo-Qi army and pursued it with the army to Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). This is the "Battle of the Lotus Pond" included in the "Thirteen Merits of ZTE".
After this campaign, Zhang Junyi took over Taosi Town, Chongxin Town and Fengningjun Town. In the following years, there were differences between Zhang Jun and Han Shizhong on river defense, which made the Jin people afraid to cross the river and won valuable rest time for the Southern Song Dynasty.
2. Liu Guangshi
In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Xixia attacked the Song Dynasty at the request of the Jin Dynasty to contain it. Liu Guangshi defeated the Xixia Army in the Battle of Xingzibao (now on the Xing Zi River in Zhidong, Shaanxi Province) and promoted the title of bodyguard Ma Jun to the second bodyguard official Ma Jun.
In November of the same year, 8 jin j attacked Kaifeng in the capital of song dynasty for the second time. Riding three thousand diligent kings in one step, I learned on the way that the Northern Song Dynasty had been destroyed by Jin.
In late April of the following year, Liu Guangshi led the troops to Weishi, got the present Doudufu, led the troops to Jeju, met Kang Wang on the way to meet Tianfu in Nanxing Town of Jeju, and was immediately appointed as Doudufu, and all five armies were promoted.
After Song Gaozong acceded to the throne. Appointed as the governor of the Royal Camp and his party, Shaanxi general Wang De (Wang) began to be subordinate to the Ministry. In August, in order to win the favor of Shandong Li Yu, Liu Guangshi was promoted to serve in our army, and he was the first Jianjie general after the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty.
3. Han Shizhong
In March (1 129), generals Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan were dissatisfied with the imperial court, launched a mutiny, killed Wang Yuan and eunuch Kang Lv, and forced Zhao Gou to give way to his three-year-old son. Lv Yihao asked Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and other generals to put down the rebellion and rescue Zhao Gou.
There were not many soldiers around Han Shizhong, so he gathered scattered soldiers in Yancheng area and organized dozens of troops to come to Changshu from the sea. Make an appointment with Zhang Jun and others to invade Xiuzhou, then pretend not to fight and stop moving forward. In fact, secretly preparing for the siege.
Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan knew that Han Shizhong was coming to attack, so they took Han Shizhong's wife Liang Hongyu hostage. Prime Minister Zhu Shengfei gave in to Miao and Liu for a pretence, telling them that instead of forcing Han Shizhong to fight, it is better to send Liang Hongyu to surrender to Han Shizhong.
Miao and Liu really let emissaries follow Liang Hongyu to see Han Shizhong. Liang returned to her husband's side. As soon as the emissary arrived, Han Shizhong burned the imperial edict, cut down the emissary and ordered an attack on Hangzhou. Han Shizhong defeated the rebel defense forces in Beiguan. Miao and Liu were frightened and led two thousand main forces to escape.
Han Shizhong was saved and told him that Wu Zhan, Miao and Liu were under the control of the palace. If the thieves were not removed, the palace would be uneasy. At this moment, Wu Zhan led the troops to meet Han Shizhong and stretched out his hand to shake hands with Han Shizhong. Han Shizhong, a strong man, squeezed Wu Zhan's finger and was vividly portrayed. He was beheaded with other rebels in the chaos of Cao, Miao and Liu.
Because of his greatest contribution, Han Shizhong became a close friend of Zhao Gou, and was appointed as our ambassador to Wu Shengjun to take charge of the imperial camp with Zuo Jun. This rebellion established Han Shizhong's reputation and position among the generals in the Southern Song Dynasty.
4. Yue Fei
11In the spring of 34 (the fourth year of Shaoxing), Yue Fei wrote to Song Ting, requesting the Northern Expedition to recover lost territory. In May, Yue Jiajun crossed the river from Ezhou (now Wuhan, Hubei) and began the Northern Expedition.
In the first battle, Yunzhou (now Zhongxiang, Hubei) was conquered, and then the soldiers were divided into two ways. Yue Fei ordered Zhang Xi 'an to attack Suizhou. He led the main force to Xiangyang Prefecture (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province).
In July, the rulers sent tens of thousands of reinforcements and defeated soldiers to stop Yuegujun from going north, and set up more than 30 camps in the northwest of Dengzhou in an attempt to stop Song Jun from going north. Yue Jiajun fought bravely, defeated the allied forces of Jin and Puppet Qi in one fell swoop, and successfully captured Dengzhou. Yue Fei divided his forces and successively recovered Tang Zhou (now Tanghe, Henan Province) and Xinyang. In August, Yue Fei was promoted to Jingyuan Army by Song Gaozong.
1 136 (the sixth year of Shaoxing) went north again, occupied Yiyang and Luoyang, and was forced to withdraw to Ezhou because of fighting alone. Yue Fei's ambition was not rewarded in this Northern Expedition, and he wrote "Man Jiang Hong".
1 140 years (Shaoxing ten years), Jin Wushu invaded the south, Yue Fei sent troops to break the nomads, recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang, and entered Zhuxian Town, only 45 miles away from Fengfeng. Yue Jiajun's morale was high and he shouted "Go straight to Huanglong".
In the later Anti-Japanese War, Yue Fei won a greater victory, but Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Gui began to frame Yue Fei in order to completely control the army and suppress the hawks. However, Song Gaozong wholeheartedly pursued peace and summoned Yue Fei back to Beijing with a 12 gold medal.
1 14 1 year (the 11th year of Shaoxing), Yue Fei's northern expedition failed for political reasons, and Yue Fei was also killed. The emperor poisoned Yue Fei to the pavilion on trumped-up charges such as "coming to the army for conquest" and "riding in". Yue Fei died at the age of 39.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yue Fei
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhang Jun