(1) Terrain
The terrain of rabbit farm is too low and the groundwater level is too high, which is easy to cause humid environment and affect the health of rabbits. If the geothermal energy is too high, it will easily lead to the attack of cold wind, resulting in a supercooled environment, which is also unfavorable to the health of rabbits. Moreover, the traffic is difficult, and it is not convenient to build roads and communicate inside and outside the field. Therefore, the terrain of the rabbit farm should choose a gentle slope with a gradient of 3~ 10%, and the groundwater level is 1. Below 5 meters, the soil should be solid and suitable for building houses and planting forage crops. Generally, we should pay attention not to occupy cultivated land. We chose to build a piece of land on the sunny slope.
(2) Wind direction
The rabbit farm is located in the downwind of residential areas, and the distance is generally more than 100 meters. We should not only consider health and epidemic prevention, but also consider the harm of harmful gases and sewage from rabbit farms to residential areas. As long as you pay attention to the local dominant wind direction, you can consider it according to the local meteorological data and wind direction rose map. For example, the dominant wind direction in Sichuan is northeast wind all year round and southeast wind in summer. In addition, we should also pay attention to the influence of local air temperature difference caused by local environment, such as mountain valley wind and valley wind, and avoid setting the rabbit farm in the place where air vortex is formed.
(3) Water and electricity
Rabbit farms must have sufficient water sources and good water quality conditions to ensure the needs of domestic and production water. Generally, you can choose city tap water or running water from rivers, ponds, canals and weirs. The water quality is clear and transparent, the color is smelly, and the entrance is slightly sweet and bitter. Where there is no such water source, you can dig wells to get water. The stagnant water in ponds, canals and weirs is easily polluted by bacteria, parasites and organic matter. When it is necessary to take it, a sand box can be set up for filtration and clarification, and it can be used after disinfection with 1% bleaching powder solution.
The rabbit farm is located in a place with convenient power supply, which can economically and reasonably solve the whole lighting and production and living electricity consumption. The bigger rabbit farm also has its own power supply in case of power failure.
(4) Transportation
The rabbit farm is best located in a place with quiet traffic and instant noodles to avoid noise interference. Because rabbits are particularly timid and afraid of shock, the noise field may cause respiratory and digestive system disorders of rabbits, and even lead to abortion of pregnant female rabbits, and nursing female rabbits abandon their young rabbits or eat them. Therefore, the rabbit farm avoids traffic arteries, railway trunk lines and crowded markets. Generally, choose a place 200 meters away from main traffic trunk lines and markets and 0/00 meters away from ordinary roads/kloc-. The rabbit farm is walled off from nearby residential areas and traffic roads. In this way, it is not only conducive to the convenient transportation of materials inside and outside the site, but also conducive to safe production.
(5) area
Considering the premise of satisfying production and saving land, the rabbit farm should have a certain area and leave room for future development. If the building area of each basic female rabbit and its young rabbit is 0.6 square meters, the building coefficient of the rabbit farm is 15%. The rabbit farm of 300 basic female rabbits needs to cover an area of about 0.4 hectares. A compact site can shorten the length of roads and pipelines, and save construction investment and operating expenses after putting into production.
Second, the overall layout
After the rabbit farm, especially the intensive rabbit farm, is selected, the overall layout of the rabbit farm is made according to the composition of rabbit herd, technical requirements for feeding, production techniques such as feeding and dung removal, local topography, natural environment and traffic conditions. Whether the overall layout is reasonable or not has a great influence on the infrastructure investment of rabbit farm, especially on the long-term operating expenses in the future. It may also cause confusion in production management, environmental pollution in rabbit farms and waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources. The general layout of rabbit farm, like other general layout of animal husbandry, has problems such as zoning, layout, orientation, spacing, roads and streamline.
(A) the division and layout of rabbit farms
In a more formal large rabbit farm, such as intensive rabbit farm, it can be divided into several areas for layout according to production characteristics.
1, rabbit breeding area (production area) The rabbit breeding area is the main building area of the rabbit farm, which is located in the upwind direction of the rabbit farm and has less people. Excellent breeding male and female rabbits (core rabbits) should be placed in a secluded and windward position with the best environment; The rabbit breeding room is close to the rabbit breeding room, which is convenient for rabbits to turn around; The young rabbit house is close to the exit of the rabbit farm, which is convenient for transporting rabbit seedlings.
2. There are auxiliary buildings necessary for the management of production such as feed processing workshop, feed warehouse, repair workshop and power distribution room in the management area. Feed processing workshop should be built in the center between rabbit farm and rabbit house, which is convenient for feed transportation and can shorten the round-trip distance of production personnel.
3. The rabbit farm in the veterinary isolation area is large and intensive. Special veterinary isolation areas can be set up, including veterinary laboratories, isolation rooms for sick rabbits, and corpse disposal centers. These buildings are located in downwind and low-lying places, so as not to affect the whole venue.
4. Living welfare area Living welfare area, including office, staff dormitory, canteen, etc. Generally, they are set separately, but we should consider the convenience of taking care of work and life and have a certain distance from the rabbit house. A disinfection room is set at the entrance of the rabbit farm to disinfect the people entering to prevent the introduction of epidemic diseases.
(2) Orientation and spacing of rabbit huts
Generally, the layout of rabbit houses is north-south If the summer is south, from the point of view of single rabbit house, the natural ventilation and lighting conditions in the rabbit house in the north-south direction are good. When the long axis of rabbit shed is perpendicular to the wind direction, the rabbit shed behind is blocked by the rabbit shed in front, and the ventilation effect is poor. According to natural ventilation and then return to the original natural state, the distance is generally more than 4 ~ 5 hours. If the height of the shed is 3m, the distance is12 ~15m. This is often difficult to do, because the distance between mines is very large and the area is very large. If we consider the relationship between the wind direction dominated by the talented person and the rabbit huts in summer, the long axis of the rabbit huts will form an angle of 30~60 degrees with it, so that the distance between the rabbit huts can be shortened by 3~5 meters and the distance between the rabbit huts is 9~ 10 meters, so that each row of rabbit huts can get the best windward conditions in summer.
Tuzicongchang road
There are several assembly lines in the rabbit farm, including feed, dung cleaning, people and rabbits. In the overall layout, it is not only conducive to epidemic prevention, but also convenient for production to rationally arrange roads with the shortest route. The feed channel is a clean channel, and the dung cleaning channel is a pollution channel, so we should separate them as far as possible to avoid the divergence of funds. When workers enter and leave the production area in the field, they will set the shortest route on the road. There is a disinfection pool at the entrance and exit of rabbit farm road, which is convenient for disinfection of vehicles entering and leaving the farm.
Generally, the course is a single lane, with a width of 3 ~ 3.5m and a slope of no more than 10%. When roads intersect, they are usually orthogonal. If they are oblique, the included angle between the two roads should not be less than 45 degrees.
Formal standard of rex rabbit house.
The form of rabbit house depends on the way rabbits are raised. Common rabbit huts are as follows:
(1) Grate-fed rabbits
This kind of rabbit house can be used in idle old houses or specially built. In the rabbit house, bamboo chips, bamboo strips or barbed wire with a height of 80~90 cm are used to divide into several separate fences. The area of the fence can be determined according to the number of rabbits in each group, and one end of the fence leads to the outside. The field outside the house is also separated by bamboo chips, bamboo strips or barbed wire with the same height to make a sports ground. A sink, a straw rack and a water dispenser are placed in the house. The indoor floor should be paved with manure leakage boards or mattress grass, and the outdoor sports floor should be paved with sand. Where conditions permit, it is best to spread manure leakage boards or build bricks to keep rabbits clean and prevent diseases. Each column can raise 30 young rabbits and 20 young rabbits.
The advantages of this rabbit house are: large feeding capacity, labor and materials saving, easy management and cleaning, which can make rabbits breathe fresh air and exercise fully. The disadvantage is that the utilization rate of rabbit house is not high, which is not conducive to mastering the feeding habits and food intake of each rabbit, and it is easy to get sick and fight.
(2) Rabbit room in the gutter group
Choose a well-drained, high-lying and dry place, and dig a rectangular ditch with a depth of 1.2m, a width of 2m and a bottom width of 0.7m: dig a slope in front to facilitate the rabbit to escape. At the top of the ditch, a small waterproof room was built with adobe, with a window in front and a door below. There is a playground outside the door and a drain behind the house.
The advantages of this rabbit house are: low cost, material saving, warm in winter and cool in summer. Suitable for rabbits who like cold, afraid of heat and like to make holes. Disadvantages: inconvenient management and cleaning, wet in rainy season.
(3) Cage rabbit house
According to the location of rabbit cages, they can be divided into outdoor and indoor caging methods, each with its own characteristics.
1. Outdoor cage rabbit house (open-air rabbit farm) The outdoor cage rabbit house is both a rabbit house and a rabbit cage. In order to adapt to the outdoor conditions, the base should be high and the top of the cage should be tiled; The front eaves should be long and the back eaves should be short. The cage wall should be made of brick, the bottom of the manure leakage cage should be made of bamboo pieces, and a cement manure bearing plate should be set up. In order to prevent heatstroke, the rabbit cage should be put under a big tree, or the top of the upper rabbit cage should be raised 10 cm, and then a shed should be put on the top of the cage.
Large outdoor cage rabbit farm generally includes six parts: fence, rabbit cage, manure pile, cage passage, feed room and management room.
Brick walls should be used around the outdoor cage rabbit farm. The wall is 2.5 meters high, which is mainly used to prevent animals and thieves, and can also block the wind.
The number of rabbit cages depends on the development plan of rabbit farm, and brick or fixed rabbit cages can be used.
The manure storage yard should be located outside the fence, which is beneficial to hygiene and fertilizer accumulation.
The main passage is about 2 meters. The passage between cages is about 1.3 ~ 1.5 meters, which is convenient for feeding and excretion.
The feed room and management room are located near the gate, and the area depends on the size of the rabbit farm.
2. Indoor cage rabbit house (1) Style of indoor cage rabbit house: According to the architectural style of rabbit house, it can be divided into single slope type, double slope type, unequal type, flat roof type, circular arch type, bell tower type and semi-bell tower type.
In addition, according to the ventilation situation, there are closed, open and semi-open types. In short, there are various forms. All localities can choose according to local climatic conditions and building materials.
Third, the rabbit cage
(A) the basic requirements of rabbit cages
1. The construction of rabbit cages should generally consider low cost, durability, easy operation and easy cleaning to meet the physiological requirements of rabbits.
2. Specifications of rabbit cages. (See tables 15 and 16).
Table 15 outdoor rabbit cage specification unit: cm
The types of rabbits are long, long and wide, with high front eaves and high back eaves.
Medium rabbit cage 120 60 70~80 45
Big rabbit cage 150 70 70~80 45
Table 16 Specification of Indoor Rabbit Cage Unit: cm
Rabbit type: wide, long and high floor
Width of bamboo strips and width between bamboos
Single rabbit cage
Big rabbit 76 76~9 1 46 2.5 1.0
Medium-sized rabbit 76 6 1~76 46 2.5 1.0
Rabbit Cage and Young Mother
Big Bunny 76 122 46 2.5 1.0
Medium-sized rabbit 7691~122462.51.0
3. Cage doors can be made of bamboo chips, thin bamboo strips, perforated iron sheets, thick iron wires or barbed wire. Installation requirements are not only simple to operate, but also can prevent the invasion of wild animals.
4. The cage bottom plate is best made of bamboo pieces. The bamboo pieces should be flat, with a width of 2.5cm and a spacing of 1 cm. The direction of the bamboo pieces should be perpendicular to the cage door, so as to prevent the rabbit's feet from forming a paddling posture. The bottom plate of the cage should be installed to be movable, which is convenient for periodic removal and disinfection.
5. The dung bearing plate is generally made of cement. In a multi-layer rabbit cage, it is the top of the lower rabbit cage. The front part should protrude 3~5 cm from the cage, and the back wall should be 5~ 10 cm, and it should be inclined to the back wall, with an inclination of about 15 degrees, so that the feces can directly flow into the excrement ditch through the board surface, which is convenient for cleaning.
6. The cage wall and the inner wall of the rabbit cage must be smooth to prevent damage to rabbit hair and facilitate descaling and disinfection. It can be made of brick or cement precast slab. It can also be made of bamboo, metal plate or metal mesh plate. If metal plate is used as raw material, it should be coated with a layer of antirust paint. When the cage wall is less than 6 cm, it is best not to use metal, because the rabbit should lean against the back wall when urinating, and the metal is easy to corrode and rust when urinating along the wall.
7. There should be proper spacing between the bottom plate of the cage and the dung bearing plate, and between the first rabbit cage and the ground, which is convenient for cleaning, management and ventilation. Generally, the distance between the cage bottom plate and the dung bearing plate is14 ~18 cm in front; The distance between the first rabbit cage with a back of 20 ~ 25cm and the ground is 30 ~ 35cm.
8. It's best to put the trough, grass rack and water dispenser on the front wall or door of the rabbit cage, and try not to open the door to feed grass, feed and water, which is convenient for operation and saves time.
9. All kinds of rabbit cages should be strong and firm. One is to prevent rodents; The second is to prevent rain, snow, wind and other attacks, but also to prevent the sun from exposure.
(B) the form of rabbit cages
1. Movable rabbit cages are suitable for small families. The main styles are: single-layer movable rabbit cage, double-layer single-layer movable rabbit cage, single-room multi-layer movable rabbit cage and double-layer multi-layer movable rabbit cage. This kind of rabbit cage can be made of wood or bamboo as a bracket and surrounded by small bamboo strips or pieces. The spacing should not be too thin or too dense, and 1 cm is appropriate. Characterized in that a V-shaped grass rack is arranged between two rabbit cages, and the cage bottom structure is the same as that of a common rabbit cage. The top of the bottom cage of the multi-layer movable rabbit cage is the dung bearing plate of the upper layer, so the top of the bottom cage should be slightly tilted forward or backward, and it should be covered with cement board or linoleum. Various activities or rabbit cage style.
2. Fixed rabbit cages are divided into indoor fixed rabbit cages and outdoor fixed rabbit cages.
(1) Indoor fixed rabbit cage The indoor fixed rabbit cage (referred to as Agricultural Science-II rabbit cage) designed by the rabbit farm of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences is simple in structure, convenient in feeding and management, and can be vigorously promoted. Details are as follows:
Rabbit cages are prefabricated cement structures or brick-wood structures. Total height 1.93m, three layers * * *, three layers of cage bottom clear height 1.49m, which is convenient for people of medium height to operate freely and manage conveniently when feeding pipes.
The door frame of the cage door is made of wood, the facade is made of steel mesh, and the inside of the door frame is protected by bamboo strips to prevent rabbits from biting the wooden door. The left side of the cage door is equipped with a movable grass basket, and the lower end of the right side is equipped with a movable vegetable basin, which is convenient to operate, neat and beautiful.
The straw basket is welded by round iron (φ4) and steel mesh, with a length of 27cm and a width of 28cm (less than the cage frame 1cm). When adding grass, the grass basket can be pulled apart, and there is a steel net outside the grass basket, which can be blocked when feeding grass to avoid falling to the ground and causing losses or polluting the environment. The mother rabbit can close the grass basket during lactation to prevent the young rabbit from climbing to the ground and causing casualties. The inside is composed of 7 longitudinal φ4 round irons with a spacing of 4 cm. Rabbits are free to eat grass. On both sides, use four longitudinal φ4 round irons with a spacing of 5 cm. This kind of grass basket is sanitary, wastes less green materials and does not occupy the area of rabbit cage. The lower end of the grass basket is fixed with a shaft, which can be opened and closed freely, and it is very convenient to feed grass without opening the door.
The vegetable basin is made of semi-circular white iron, with a length of 20cm, a height of 6cm and a radius of 14cm, with 2cm iron plugs protruding from both sides. The food basin is installed under the cage door, which can be fixed with wooden boards and can go in and out, which is convenient for feeding and cleaning.
(2) Outdoor fixed rabbit cages are generally made of brick and wood steel wire mesh plates, and the bottom of the cage is made of movable bamboo strips, which is convenient for excrement leakage. In order to prevent moisture, the ground floor should be above 20 cm. If it is a multi-layer structure, the top of the lower cage is the upper dung receiving plate, which must be polished with cement or covered with linoleum. Raising rabbits outdoors can make rabbits have strong vitality and cold tolerance, improve fur quality, and the cost is low, so it is appropriate for general farmers to adopt this rabbit cage.
Fourth, rabbit breeding equipment
(1) dustbin
Any rabbit cage without breeding nest must provide another litter box. The litter box can be made of wood with a thickness of 1 cm. It's better to have rough stripes on the bottom of the box so that the rabbit won't slip when walking. At the same time, there should be a gap or several small holes for urine to flow out.
(2) trough
There are many kinds of valleys. In foreign countries, rabbits are often kept in automatic tanks, which are filled with feed for several days. The trough is installed in the cage and feed is added from outside the cage, which is an ideal one.
A simple trough can be divided into two parts with a bamboo tube, the middle section is removed, and rectangular sawdust is nailed at both ends to prevent overturning. The trough placed in the sports ground can be longer, generally 1~ 1.5 meters, while the trough placed in the rabbit cage for feeding rabbits is smaller. The trough for cage-bred rabbits is generally made of pottery utensils or white porcelain dishes, which is easy to clean.
(3) Grass frame
For young rabbits fed in groups, grass racks should be set up in the sports ground. The purpose is to keep the grass clean and reduce the waste of feed. The grass rack for feeding rabbits in cages is fixed on the rabbit cage door, or it can be arranged between two cages. A straw rack on the playground.
(4) Drinking machine
In order to raise rabbits well, we must provide them with enough drinking water. It is ideal to set up a self-flowing water dispenser. You can make it yourself with sugar and salt bottles. That is to say, the mouth of the sugar salt bottle is connected with a rubber tube, and the other end of the rubber tube is connected with a glass tube with a round end. When in use, fill the bottle with water, hang the bottle upside down at the upper corner of the right side of the cage door, and fix the glass tube at the height where the rabbit's mouth can suck through the hole on the door. Using air pressure, water is pressed out of the bottle for rabbits to drink.