Xue Ji's academic views are summarized on the basis of in-depth study of predecessors' academic thoughts and personal clinical experience. At that time, at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the world medicine learned the method of Danxi and used knowledge and knowledge at will, which became more and more serious. Xue dares to bring forth the old and bring forth the new, and attaches importance to the spleen and stomach in theory and the relationship between spleen and stomach and kidney life. He is good at warming and reinforcing therapy, which is directly related to the gradual exploration of kidney life by various doctors after the Ming Dynasty. Xue himself was a doctor who had a great influence on the development of medicine in Ming Dynasty.

1. Cure the disease

Neijing puts forward that "treatment must be based on essence", while Xueji follows the thought of Neijing and attaches great importance to this point. His thought of seeking the root of the disease is mainly reflected in two aspects:

First, he emphasized the use of syndrome differentiation and treatment to seek the root of the disease. Therefore, he said in "Notes on Miscellaneous Books of Ming Medicine": "Anyone who treats a disease without treating the symptoms is ignorant." Emphasize the importance of seeking root based on syndrome differentiation. He added: "Mr. Zhang Jiegu said:' The five internal organs are deficient in the mother, and the evil spirits are slightly positive. If you don't achieve your wish, it's not easy to get it. Mr. Xu Yongcheng said:' Any heart disease must first regulate the liver and kidney, and the kidney is the ghost of the heart. Liver-qi generally regulates the harmony of heart-qi and stagnation of liver-qi leads to deficiency of heart-qi. This heart disease must require liver and clearing away the source. When the five internal organs get sick, they will spread victory, and water will overcome fire, so the evil of kidney will spread to the heart, so treat the kidney first and drive away its evil. The words of Zhang and Xu Yongcheng are borrowed here, which shows that we should treat the human body as a whole in clinic. In the five zang-organs, any visceral lesion is not only related to itself, but also has the influence of other viscera. There are many relationships between zang-fu organs, such as restraint and abuse, and the interaction between mother and child. In addition, it should be discriminated. Taking heart disease as an example, it is pointed out that the release of liver can affect heart qi.

According to the syndrome differentiation of abdominal pain, Xue's face is yellow and evergreen, with long left pulse and tight right pulse. Yellow belongs to soil, abdominal pain mostly belongs to spleen, but its complexion is blue, blue is liver color, and the string is liver pulse, so syndrome differentiation belongs to liver depression and spleen deficiency. Treating with Yiqi decoction of Pinellia ternata and Radix Aucklandiae fully embodies his thought of syndrome differentiation and treatment.

The second is to emphasize that people are based on stomach qi. In the book Neijing, it is put forward that "having a stomach leads to life, and having no stomach leads to death". Li Dongyuan, a doctor in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, wrote the Theory of Spleen and Stomach, emphasizing that internal injuries of the spleen and stomach lead to all diseases. On the basis of inheriting predecessors' academic thoughts, Xue inherited and developed them. He said: There are thousands of words in Neijing, which aims to show that people are born with stomach qi, which is the foundation of the four seasons. He further explained: "people take the spleen and stomach as the foundation, take the essence of grains, be refined, and be turbid." Yin and Yang are said to be harmonious, so Yang originates in the limbs and Yin travels in the five internal organs; In the four seasons, goodness carries everything. People have to raise their skeletons and lose their soil to dry their limbs. "

Covering the spleen and stomach is the foundation of the human body. Shui Gu's life depends on it, and his subtle qi and blood depends on it. The nutrition of the five internal organs depends on the strength of the spleen and stomach. The so-called "middle earth fills the quartet." In terms of vital qi, although it is rooted in the innate kidney life, it constantly nourishes the spleen and stomach. The rise and fall of vital qi is very important for the human body to resist external evils, eliminate diseases and maintain health. Full of healthy qi, we can get rid of exogenous pathogens and maintain personal health. With this statement, the root of treatment is to restore healthy qi, and nourishing the spleen and stomach has become the root of treatment, so Xue Ji put forward that "the stomach is the source of the five internal organs and the root of the human body."

2. Nourish its source

The origin of Xue nourishing qi and blood refers to the source of nourishing human body, qi and blood and semen metaplasia in the treatment of diseases. Xue believes that the source of the acquired biochemistry of human body belongs to the spleen and stomach, and the soil is the mother of all things, so nothing can grow in nature unless it is soil, while the spleen and stomach belong to the soil, and the middle soil irrigates all directions. Only when the spleen and stomach are prosperous can the viscera and limbs of the human body be nourished, so Xue Ji said, "Spleen and soil can be supplemented, the source can be raised, and the golden water can grow together." Because the temper is full, the lung gold is naturally strong, the chemical source is sufficient, and the yin essence is self-sufficient. The lung and kidney are strong, which can nourish the liver and reduce heart fire, and the five internal organs are self-balanced. Therefore, when explaining Xue's On the Origin of Cultivation, Huang Lvsu said, "What is the source of the news? Cover the spleen and nourish the lungs, gold produces water, and the level is self-sufficient. "

Because of this, Shi Xue can use this method to treat cough caused by deficiency and cold of spleen and stomach, which is later called "nourishing the soil to produce gold". Shi Xue's method of nourishing the essence is intended to nourish the five internal organs by nourishing the spleen and stomach, so he said: "The symptoms belong to deficiency of both qi and blood, weakness of the spleen and stomach, dryness of body fluid and blood, and difficulty in defecation, so the method should nourish the essence."

Although Xue's theory of supplementing source focuses on spleen and stomach, its specific treatment is not limited to spleen and stomach. According to the relationship between kidney, life gate and spleen and stomach; It is believed that in addition to directly treating the spleen and stomach, kidney production is also required, so Liuwei Pill and Bawei Pill are often used to add and subtract. He said in the Notes of Miscellaneous Doctors in Ming Dynasty: "Therefore, all those who cause diseases are deficient in qi and blood, or the essence and blood are not full and indulge in sex, which is not solid at all and the fire does not return to the meridian, so it is difficult to see the symptoms. Although yin is often supplemented to control fire, there are yin and yang fire and water on both feet, which are biochemical to each other. Yin and Yang should be balanced when they are dirty. If the left ulnar pulse is weak and the number is fine, it is the deficiency of true yin in the left kidney, and six flavors are used; If the right foot pulse is slow and soft, or the right foot pulse is deep and thin, and the number of people who are sad is insufficient, use eight flavors. As for the weakness of both feet, it is the deficiency of both yin and yang, and the use of ten tonic pills is its source. " This article holds that kidney and life are the basis of Yin essence and Yang Qi, and the pulse of both hands, the left foot belongs to the kidney and the right foot belongs to the Ming gate. If you see the insufficiency of left and right foot veins, you should follow the kidney, life and resources.

3. Warm the spleen and stomach

Xue believes that the rise and fall of the spleen and stomach are closely related to human health. When discussing the pathogenesis of diseases, it was deeply influenced by Li Dongyuan's theory of spleen and stomach. Focus on the analysis of spleen and stomach deficiency and cold. He once said: "When stomach qi is injured, deficiency syndrome will rise." He also said: "If six evils invade from the outside, you will see symptoms, and it is also because of internal qi deficiency and external evil invasion." It shows that all diseases caused by internal injuries and exogenous diseases are related to spleen and stomach weakness. This is exactly the same as Li Dongyuan's point of view that "the qi of the spleen and stomach can't be filled with vitality, and all diseases are caused by it".

In terms of specific treatment, Xue advocates that "spleen and stomach are the foundation of qi and blood. If yang is weak and yin and blood cannot be born, Liu Junzi Decoction should be used; For those who cannot produce yin and blood due to yang deficiency, Qiantang decoction is also used to process ginger; If stomach heat produces yin and blood, Siwu decoction should be used; Those who cannot produce yin and blood due to deficiency of spleen and stomach should be Bawei Pills. " "Internal injuries cause fever, because of overeating, excessive strain, loss of vitality, and yin fire can occupy its place, so it is lonely and fever, so Buzhong Yiqi Decoction should be used to nourish its yang. If you have fever due to fatigue, improper living, blood loss and deficiency fire, use Liuwei Dihuang Pill to tonify yin; You can't think of it as more than enough fire, but use phellodendron and Anemarrhena. " "Those with fever due to yang deficiency should be supplemented with Zhongjiao Buyang Decoction; Those with fever due to yin deficiency should use Liuwei Dihuang Pill to nourish yin and blood. Generally speaking, although there are differences between yin and yang and qi and blood, they are all caused by deficiency of spleen and stomach yang, and their fever belongs to deficiency of both diseases and syndromes. Therefore, it is forbidden to take Phellodendron amurense and Anemarrhena asphodeloides, for fear of damaging the yang ear again. " As can be seen from the above, Xue Ji not only accepted the treatment of Li Dongyuan's spleen and stomach diseases, but also advocated warming the spleen and stomach to nourish the yang of the spleen and stomach, so that Yang Can could grow and the human body's yin and yang could be restored, forming the therapeutic characteristics of warming the spleen and stomach. Of course, for the deficiency-cold syndrome of fire weakening soil, it is pointed out that fire can tonify soil, and the warming effect of kidney life on spleen and stomach is emphasized, which is not available in Dongyuan.

4. Warming kidney-yang

Xue's understanding of kidney life also played a greater role than his predecessors and formed his own academic characteristics. His understanding of Mingmen has not been divorced from the theory of "Left Kidney and Right Mingmen" in Difficult Classics, and his understanding of kidney life has been "the master of Yang" by Bing Wang. The source of fire, the shadow. " As he said: "Therefore, those who have no fire should use Bawei Pills to benefit the source of fire and eliminate yin. "People without water use Liuwei Pills to strengthen water owners and calm the sun. However, the reason why people treat diseases is based on qi and blood, but they are tired and lose money, or the essence and blood are not full, but they are indulgent, not solid at all, and the fire does not return to the classics, which is difficult to prove. " Shi Xue used Bawei Pill in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and Liuwei Pill in Qian Yi's Guide to Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Children's Medicine to treat various deficiency diseases, which made Bushen method widely used to treat miscellaneous diseases and had great influence on later generations. For example, Zhao Xianke's Mingmen theory and its treatment were inspired by it.