The source comes from "Materia Medica Illustrated Classics" and "Bielu of Famous Doctors". Outline: evil is actually evil, full of thorns, hence the name. Its roots and leaves can be eaten, and people call it beef dish. The wizard hid it and called it a great power. Burdock, the seed of the ancients, was planted in fertile soil, scoured in Miao ditch for food, and its roots were cooked and exposed as candied fruit. Clouds are very good for people, and it is rare to eat them today. The seedlings born in March start from the stems, which are three or four feet high. In April, they bloom in clusters, lavender, as small as maple stilts. There are hundreds of thorns on the calyx, and there are dozens of children on a stilt. Roots as big as arms, elders nearly feet, gray color. Pick seeds in July and roots in October.

Pinyin name Niu Banɡ Zǐ

English name Great Burdock Achene

burdock

Crataegus pinnatifida, Crataegus pinnatifida fruit, Cordyceps militaris, Siraitia grosvenorii, Crataegus pinnatifida fruit, Trichosanthes kirilowii fruit, Crataegus pinnatifida fruit, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Cattle seed, Toosendan Fructus, Bentham hook and Crataegus pinnatifida fruit.

source

Source: Mature fruit of Arctium lappa in Compositae.

Latin animal and plant mineral name: burdock.

Harvest and storage: when the fruits are grayish brown in July and August, they are picked in batches, stacked for 2-3 days, exposed to the sun, threshed, chlorinated and then completely dried.

The original burdock is a biennial herb with a height of 1-2m. Roots are stout, fleshy and conical. The stem is erect, with many branches on the upper part, purple-brown, and longitudinal edges. Basal leaves are large, clustered and have long petioles; Cauline leaves alternate; Leaves oblong or broadly ovoid, 20-50 cm long and 15-40 cm wide. The tip is blunt and prickly, the base is often heart-shaped, the whole edge or with irregular wavy micro-teeth, and the teeth are green or dark green. The hair is sparse, and the lower part is densely covered with short gray fluff. The head is clustered at the top of the stem or arranged in an umbrella shape, with a diameter of 2-4 cm, a peduncle of 3-7 cm long, shallow grooves on the surface, and densely covered with fine hairs; The involucre is spherical, with many bracts, imbricate, lanceolate or linear, and the top is hooked; Flowers are small, reddish purple, all tubular, bisexual, with 5-lobed corolla tips, 5 polygamous stamens, alternate with corolla lobes, yellow anthers; Ovary inferior, 1 cell, discoid apex, short bristles. Style slender, stigma 2-lobed. Achenes oblong or oblong obovate, gray-brown, with longitudinal edges, short spiny crested hairs, yellow-brown. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is from August to June.

Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: often cultivated. Savages are mostly born in roadside, ditch, wasteland, sunny grassland on hillside, forest edge and near villages and towns in Shan Ye.

Distribution of resources: distributed in Northeast China, Northwest China, Central South China, Southwest China and Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other places.

cultivate

Like warm and humid climate, cold tolerance, drought tolerance, fear of waterlogging and other biological characteristics. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-25℃, and the germination rate is 70%-90%. Suitable for planting sandy grave soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage.

Cultivation techniques, seed propagation. The autumn sowing period in South China is August-September; March-April in the north; Sowing can be done in summer. In case of drought, seedling emergence is not easy to be neat; If autumn is too late, the next year will not blossom and bear fruit. Direct seeding or seedling transplanting, mainly direct seeding. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 30-40℃ for 24 hours, drill holes according to the row spacing of 70cm×50cm and the hole depth of 10cm, apply decomposed manure or compost on the edge, fill in a thin layer of fine soil, sow 5-6 seeds, water, cover the soil for 3-5cm, and slightly suppress. The seed dosage is 1hm 2 15-30k g. Emerge about 10d after sowing. Seedling raising and transplanting methods: seedling raising in early March and transplanting in early May.

Field management: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, it is necessary to carry out thinning and replanting, weed in June-July, apply manure 1-2 times, and then apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 time before budding. Collect soil in winter to protect seedlings in winter. After the stem is pulled out, cultivate the soil and take root to prevent lodging.

Pest control diseases include powdery mildew, and 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution is sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. Brown spot, which occurred in May and June, can be sprayed with 600 times of zineb 65% wettable powder. And mosaic. Pests include gallnut, aphid, red spider, armyworm and cutworm.

Character; Role; letter

Character identification Achene is obovate, flat at both ends, slightly flat and slightly curved, 5-7 mm long and 2-3 mm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown or light grayish brown, with many tiny black spots and obvious longitudinal ridges. The apex is wide, ringed, and there is a little raised style remnant in the center; The narrow base has round hilt marks. Hard, two cotyledons can be seen after crushing, light yellow and white, rich in sand. The fruit is tasteless; The seeds have a strange smell, a bitter taste and a tingling sensation for a long time.

It is better to have large, full and grayish brown grains.

Microscopic identification of achene cross section: the epicarp is 1 row of square parenchyma cells, with curved wall and many cracks; Outer stratum corneum. The mesocarp is uneven in thickness, the cell wall is slightly thick, brown or dark brown, and slightly lignified; There are often small vascular bundles in the spine. Endocarp is narrow, brown and decadent cell layer, with unclear cell boundary and full of 1 calcium oxalate crystals. The outermost seed coat is 1 greenhouse-produced cells, which are closely arranged in a spiral shape, with a length of 75- 120μm and a diameter of 10-30μm, with extremely thick walls and obvious bedding. The vegetative layer is a series of parenchyma cells, which are often decadent. The endosperm cell series contains fatty oil. Cotyledon cells are full of aleurone particles and fatty oil, and contain tiny calcium oxalate clusters, occasionally small squares.

Chemical composition The fruit contains arctiin, which is hydrolyzed into arctiin and glucose [1]. It also contains matriaresinol [1], trachelogen [2], sesquilignin (sesquilignin) Al-D and AL-F[ 1]. Seeds contain arctiin [3], lap-paol)A, B[4], c, d, E[5], f and H[6]. It also contains fatty oil, in which the fatty acids are arachidic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid [7].

pharmacological action

1 About nephropathy: 5-week-old male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with aminoglycosides (PA) 10 mg/kg every day for 6 days; Repeated administration of arctigenin and aglycone after nephropathy. The results showed that arctiin could inhibit the increase of urinary protein excretion, improve serum biochemical indexes and show anti-renal effect. However, intraperitoneal injection of aglycone has no effect, and oral administration has no effect.

2. Antibacterial effect: Burdock decoction has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Nostoc commune and Trichophyton inguinale.

3. Other effects: Burdock extract can significantly and permanently reduce blood sugar in rats, and has inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit uterus and intestine. Arctigenin can cause tonic convulsions in frogs, rats and rabbits, and dilate the lower limbs of frogs and the ear canal of rabbits. Arctigenin has anticancer activity.

Physical and chemical identification (1) Take 2g of defatted powder, add 20ml of ethanol, soak 1h, and filter. The filtrate was detected as follows: 1 Take 2ml of filtrate and add 1% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, which is blue-green. (Check lignans) 2 Take 2ml of filtrate, add 3% sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the same volume, boil in water bath for 3-5min, cool, and add diazotization reagent to make the solution red. (Check lignans) (2) Take 5g of crude powder of this product and add 10 ml dilute hydrochloric acid solution (pH 1.0-2.0). Soak overnight and filter. Take 3 filtrates, 2ml each, put them into 3 test tubes, and add 1 drop potassium iodide mercury reagent, potassium iodide reagent and silicotungstic acid reagent respectively to produce white, brownish red and white precipitates. (Check alkaloids) (3) Take a small amount of powder of this product and observe it under ultraviolet lamp (365nm), showing green fluorescence.

Prepare herbs by frying.

1. Cleaning: removing impurities and screening mud chips.

2. Stir-frying: Take the cleaned burdock, put it in a pot, stir-fry it with slow fire until it is slightly drum, and its appearance is slightly yellow and fragrant. Take it out to cool.

3. Wine-making: "On Lei Gong Baking": Whoever did the evil consequences, pick it clean, don't make it contain impurities, then mix it with wine and steam it. When there is a thin frost on it, wipe it with a cloth and then dry it. Don't pound it like powder.

Spicy in nature; Bitter; Sexual apathy

Meridian and lung meridian; Stomach meridian

Function is mainly used to evacuate wind and heat; Dissemination of penetrating lung rash; Relieve sore throat and disperse knots; Detoxification and swelling reduction. Indications for wind-heat cough; Sore throat; Macula is impenetrable; Rubella itching; The sore is swollen and toxic.

Usage and dosage: decocted, 5-10g; Or turned into powder. External use: appropriate amount, decocted and gargled.

Note that this product can moisten intestines, and it is contraindicated for patients with qi deficiency and loose stool. Herbal classic Shu: Acne remover is only suitable for blood-heat constipation. Be careful not to take it if the stool is selfish or qi-deficient, white and diarrhea. Diarrhea is not taboo for rash, and it's no harm to use it. The carbuncle has collapsed, so it is not suitable for constipation.

Attached prescription 1. Burdock decoction (syndrome differentiation and treatment and pediatric standard) is used to treat children's cold, fever, irritability, nasal congestion and asthma, cough with excessive phlegm, erysipelas and sore throat. 2. Niuti Chamomile Decoction (authentic surgery) is used to treat those who have exhausted toxic substances, swollen ears, slight fever and pain. 3. Gardenia Qinggan Decoction (Toumen, recorded by the Ministry of Medicine) is used to treat gangrene caused by deficiency of shaoyang meridian, liver fire and wind heat, pain in neck, chest, breast and temple, or cold and heat, chest fullness and bitter tongue. Guanqi powder ("Puji Fang") is used to treat swelling and pain caused by wind and heat. 5. Niudi Ji Jie Decoction (selected experience set) is used to treat toothache caused by wind-heat in head and face, or phlegm poison in neck and wind-heat. 6. The prescription for treating headache (authentic pulse prevention) is used to treat headache with even eyes and blurred eyes. 7. Prescription for treating wind-heat addiction rash (Prescription for Health Preservation). 8. Prescription for laryngitis (Guangji Fang). 9. Prescription against pharynx and diaphragm (Materia Medica).

Various exhibitions

1. "Don't record": improving eyesight and reinforcing the middle, except wind injury.

2. "The Theory of Medicinal Properties": In addition to wind, it benefits the waist and feet, and it also disperses bones and annoys heat and poison.

3. "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": decocted at the end, such as tea for three times, urinating.

4. "Compendium of Materia Medica": the main wind is toxic and swollen, and all kinds of paralysis.

5. "The Origin of Medicine": Relieving Pharyngeal Diaphragm. Indication secret: moistening lung and dispersing qi.

6. Gaoli: Treating rheumatism rash, wind-heat in throat, dispersing swelling poison, producing sore poison, benefiting waist and knees.

7. Outline: Eliminating Macular Virus.

8. Materia Medica: Evil substances are important drugs for expelling wind, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Xin can disperse the knot, bitter can dissipate heat, and heat can disperse dirty qi, so it is better to see and replenish the middle. Wind injury leads to stagnation of defensive qi, and stagnation leads to fever. When the Xin Liang is dissolved, the qi will be harmonious and there will be nothing in the wind. Storing qi to control wind, toxic swelling and flaccidity; Everyone who knows that the elements govern moistening the lungs, dispersing stagnation of qi, relieving sore throat and diaphragm, removing skin wind and dredging the twelve meridians knows this meaning. Therefore, it is particularly effective in treating addictive rashes and acne.

9. "Drug meaning": Arctium lappa L. can lift, clear away heat and detoxify. Bitter taste can clear fire, pungent taste can dispel wind, and it is mainly used for treating wind phlegm, facial edema, throat discomfort, all kinds of heat toxicity, carbuncle swelling, neck phlegm, blood-heat acne, rash and skin addiction. It is appropriate to use this medicine.

The knot of 65438+ mortal poison gas is caused by exogenous wind and cold, and it is not the camp but the meat, so it produces carbuncle poison. Burdock is pungent and bitter, which can not only reduce the downward movement of qi, but also restore energy, dispel wind and clear heat. It is precisely because of the feeling of cold and toxic heat that you can see puffiness, cough with phlegm, sore throat, sore rash, as well as stench, indigestion, purple acne and constipation, all of which can be used to relieve the interior. However, it is cold and slippery, and eating too much hurts the middle qi, which makes the table benefit insufficient. As for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, it is especially taboo.

165438+ It's not really warm in Jie Gu, and Jingyue also said that there are drops and rises. "Bielu" calls it eyesight, then the wind and heat are exhausted and self-evident. People who make up for it are also eager to fly away and be safe. In addition to wind hurting the body, there is also the saying of wind-heat Its rhizome is called bitter cold in lake class, so it is mainly used for clearing heat and promoting diuresis. Cover its skill, which is similar to the child, but it is too cold, and it is all guided by clearing heat. Nothing can be thrown unless it is a real fire. Lung evil should be thoroughly penetrated.