2. The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light. From Mencius "under chapters and sentences". -Confucianism
3, look at people's figure, if you look at his figure. From Mozi. -mohists
4, disaster comes from the mouth, and happiness comes from the mouth. From chapter 58 of Lao Zi. -Taoism
5. Know yourself and yourself. From the Art of War Attack by Sun Tzu. -Military strategist
Analysis:
1. Don't impose what you don't want to bear on others. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is the principle first established by Confucius, the founder of Confucianism. That is, when you ask others to do something, first of all, you are willing to do it yourself, or you have done it yourself like others, then your request is relieved; The popular understanding is that if you can't do it yourself, you can't ask others to do it.
This sentence reveals the important principles of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Confucius said that people should treat others with their own behavior as a reference. People should have a broad mind. When dealing with people, don't be narrow-minded, be generous and forgive others. If you impose what you don't want on others, it will not only destroy the relationship with others, but also make things deadlocked and out of control. The communication between people should really adhere to this principle, which is the embodiment of respecting others and treating others equally. In this world, we should not only pay attention to our own existence, but also pay attention to the existence of others. Everyone is equal. Do not do to others what you don't want them to do to you. The above-mentioned "people" is broad and refers to the masses. The definition of "human" in the era when The Analects of Confucius was born usually refers to a narrow sense, that is, people above scholars are opposite to "human". "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is preceded by "be a distinguished guest when you go out and make the people like a big sacrifice", which is described in the same sentence. Obviously, the "people" here refers to the exploited class and the working people. In today's language, the narrow sense of "man" refers to the slave owner, that is, the exploiting class, while "man" refers to the slave, that is, the exploited class, so this sentence can of course be understood as the interpersonal principle of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" applies to the exploiting class, but the relationship between the exploiting class and the exploited class is not necessarily the case. This understanding is not nonsense, nor is it completely impossible. However, as we all know, Confucius is a man who strongly advocates "benevolence", and "human" here should refer to a broad sense. Such a statement made by Confucius is not a universal theorem. If everything starts from this principle, many things will get stuck in the middle and it will be difficult to move forward. If two people face each other with guns, their lives will be at a critical juncture. A is right and B is evil. At this time, if A abides by the principle of "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", wouldn't it be miserable! A definitely doesn't want to be killed, so don't you kill B who doesn't want to be killed Any truth and any law are only applicable under certain conditions and circumstances.
2、
This passage is the most typical and vivid embodiment of Mencius' people-oriented thought. "The people are wise to the monarch" has become a famous saying widely circulated in later generations and has been quoted by people.
It should be pointed out that "people" is a concept of collection. As a whole, "people" is more expensive and important than jun, but what about each individual of "people" and ordinary people? Mencius didn't say it here, so it's hard to say. But as far as we know, it is impossible for an individual king to compete with the importance of a monarch. Not only can't compete, but I don't know how many times lighter it is.
Perhaps Mencius' understanding of this problem is limited. In fact, it is not only the limitation of Mencius, but also the evolution into a democratic era after more than two thousand years. Aren't we still making great efforts to eliminate the serious influence and shackles of feudalism?
3. Mozi advocates "universal love", the essence of which is "loving the people" and taking "rejuvenating the world and eliminating the harm of the world" as his own responsibility. Therefore, Mohism's words and deeds are based on the interests of the country, the people and the people. The Zhou Dynasty entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with frequent wars, barren land, dead people everywhere and poor people. The broad masses of people are eager to recuperate. Mozi observed the people's feelings of the lower class, represented the interests of small producers and the general public, and put forward the idea of "non-attack", which has positive significance in this regard. From ancient times to the present, no matter what form of war, the people are the first to suffer the most.
4, disaster, blessing, blessing, disaster. This statement has a certain dialectical ideological connotation, because dialectical materialism (later called materialist dialectics) usually talks about "contradiction" ("unity of opposites"), and Laozi said: "misfortune is blessed, and happiness is blessed." What we are talking about is contradiction, which is also the contradiction of unity of opposites. "Misfortune" makes people sad and "luck" makes people happy, so "misfortune" and "luck" are contradictory. However, "misfortune" may make people learn a lesson and produce "happiness", and "happiness" may make people extremely sad and produce "misfortune", so "misfortune" and "happiness" are a unified contradiction.
In life, people should unify the two opposites of "misfortune" and "happiness". If there is "misfortune", we should think of the opposite "misfortune", see the hope of "happiness" from "misfortune" and see the existence of "misfortune" in order to deal with it better. On the other hand, if people can't unify the opposition between "disaster" and "blessing" and think that "disaster" is "disaster" and "blessing" is "blessing", but they can't see that "disaster" can bring "disaster", then there is probably no good way to deal with "disaster" and "blessing"
5、
"Know yourself and know yourself, and win every battle" is the most incisive military thought in Sun Tzu's Art of War. At the same time, the strategy he advocated is also based on understanding the strength of the enemy and ourselves, so we think it runs through the Art of War. What is a "bosom friend"? There are five ways to win. Only by strictly examining and analyzing one's own conditions can one make an objective analysis, know where one's military advantages lie, and make strategic and tactical arrangements. What is "know yourself and know yourself" means knowing the enemy's strength, analyzing the enemy's advantages and disadvantages, so as to avoid the strong and weaken, and taking different countermeasures because of the enemy's strategy. The so-called "know yourself and know yourself" means "planning ahead" and "winning a thousand miles".
In a political struggle, both sides must have their own advantages and disadvantages. If you want to win competitors, especially in the process of concentrating on winning votes, you must first understand where your advantages are and show them at any time. For the opponent, we should fully understand his shortcomings, so as to carry out purposeful attacks, or give the opponent a chance to make mistakes, so as to win.
The business competition is fierce, and the competition between enterprises pays attention to a detailed, accurate, comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the actual situation, so as to make a detailed and rigorous analysis and make strategies and countermeasures suitable for the actual situation of enterprises, thus winning the competition. In enterprise activities, the market needs to conduct business investigation reports, investigate the use of products by competitors on both sides, and predict the detailed information of the enterprise's own environment and competitors' products, and then carry out strict "temple calculation" and the strategy will succeed.