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Rub your neck with a towel (or alcohol and half water), rub your limbs to the armpit and groin from top to bottom, and rub them repeatedly until your skin is red. The action should not be too heavy. Take your temperature in half an hour.
2. The diagnosis of the disease is clear, but the physical cooling effect is not obvious. Under the guidance of a doctor, you can take antipyretics. If you sweat, drink more sugar salt water and change underwear, just in case.
Cool; If there are symptoms such as pale face, cold skin and shortness of breath, it is a sign of collapse. You should call the nurse and the attending doctor in time for timely treatment.
Diet nursing
1. Choose a liquid diet with high nutrition and easy digestion when you have a fever, such as soybean milk, lotus root starch, fruit pulp and vegetable soup.
2. If the body temperature drops and the condition improves, it can be changed to semi-liquid food, such as noodles and porridge, accompanied by high-protein and high-calorie dishes, such as bean products, fish, egg yolk and various fresh vegetables.
3, the recovery period is changed to a normal diet, and chickens, ducks, beef, fish, pork, eggs and milk beans with good appetite. The elderly and patients with low living ability hope to care at home and control their illness through visiting and nursing.
And the warm care of family members, and there are no compulsory measures and restrictive behaviors, which can often improve the obstacles of patients in diet, sleep, excretion and so on.
Take the road of health in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and see the health care problems of mother and baby. Nursing care of patients with cold
Upper respiratory tract infection is most likely to occur in winter. Besides medication, scientific home care is also very important for patients.
● Patients should rest more, drink plenty of water to quit smoking, and take medicine under the guidance of a doctor. People with serious illness should wear masks to avoid infecting their families.
● Eat separately, and disinfect the bowls, chopsticks and utensils of cold patients in time after meals.
● The air at home is cold, dry and dirty, which is not conducive to the recovery of patients with colds. Proper ventilation is needed to keep the indoor air fresh. The indoor temperature should be kept at 16-24℃, and the room with heating should humidify the air properly.
● Pay attention to the changes of patient's temperature, pulse and sweating. If myocarditis is complicated, its symptoms will be palpitation and chest tightness after early activities. Once the patient's condition worsens, he should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time.
Nursing care of patients with hypertension
First of all, we must first recognize the harm of hypertension. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, the number of patients is increasing, and the onset age tends to be younger. Long-term hypertension can cause diseases such as heart, brain, kidney and blood vessels. Hypertension is one of the common fatal and disabling diseases in China.
Second, we should know that hypertension can be treated. Through good lifestyle adjustment, reasonable diet and correct medication, blood pressure can be effectively controlled, serious consequences can be avoided and the quality of life can be improved.
Keep an optimistic attitude in life, avoid tension and anxiety, so as not to aggravate high blood pressure, exercise moderately (such as walking and aerobic exercise), get enough sleep, quit smoking and drink less.
Diet should be based on starch (rice, flour) and proper amount of high-quality protein (eggs, fish). Try to eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol (such as animal offal and fat), eat more foods rich in vitamins and cellulose such as vegetables and fruits, and don't eat foods with high salt content (pickles and pickled products).
Three, the application of drug therapy should be in accordance with the doctor's advice, long-term regular medication, keep blood pressure at a relatively stable level. Irregular drug use will cause excessive blood pressure fluctuation, which will easily lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular rupture, serious complications and even life-threatening. In order to carry out 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, taking drugs according to the characteristics of blood pressure circadian rhythm can achieve good curative effect.
Fourth, we should understand and prevent adverse drug reactions. At present, the antihypertensive drugs used mainly include diuretics, β-blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
And angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Diuretics are cheap, and are mainly used for newly treated patients without complications and basic drugs for combined treatment. The main adverse reactions are hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and gout, diabetes and low renal function are prohibited. Beta blockers are mainly used in hypertensive patients with heart disease and diabetes. The main adverse reactions are bradycardia, asthma attack and hyperlipidemia, and those with a history of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bradycardia are prohibited. Calcium antagonists are mainly used in patients with hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease and chronic renal insufficiency. The main adverse reactions were headache, dizziness, palpitation, blushing and intractable dry cough. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can cause throat discomfort, dry cough, decreased renal function, hyperkalemia, skin reaction and neutropenia. The adverse reaction of angiotensin ⅱ receptor antagonist is similar to that of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, but it does not cause dry cough and throat discomfort. If there are adverse reactions, contact the attending physician to change the medicine in time.
Care of diarrhea patients, diarrhea, in the treatment and care should pay attention to the following issues.
(1) Don't misuse drugs. Diarrhea can be divided into infectious diarrhea and non-infectious diarrhea, and infectious diarrhea can be divided into bacterial diarrhea and viral diarrhea, so the choice of medication should be different.
① Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are only effective for bacterial infectious diarrhea, and abuse of antibiotics is not only ineffective for other diarrhea, but also leads to intestinal flora imbalance. ② Non-infectious diarrhea and viral diarrhea can be treated with microecological agents and smecta.
③ Antidiarrheal drugs are only suitable for non-infectious diarrhea. If it is used for infectious diarrhea, although it inhibits intestinal peristalsis, it also aggravates the retention of toxins in the intestine.
⑵ Arrange the patient to stay in bed.
(3) Pay attention to prevent dehydration. Due to diarrhea, a lot of water and inorganic salts are rapidly lost in the body. If it is not replenished in time, dehydration will easily occur, leading to electrolyte dehydration and electrolyte disorder, which will be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, patients with diarrhea should be encouraged to drink more water, preferably light sugar salt water. In addition, patients should be observed, such as dry mouth, sunken eye socket, decreased urine output, etc., and should be sent to the hospital for intravenous drip.
(4) Encourage patients to eat. Many people mistakenly think that diarrhea patients have diarrhea and vomiting, and their gastrointestinal function is weak, so they fast and worry that eating will increase the burden on the stomach. In fact, the patient's diarrhea leads to the loss of a large number of nutrients, and nutritional supplements are urgently needed. Moreover, hunger will increase intestinal peristalsis and the secretion of digestive juice on the intestinal wall, but it will aggravate diarrhea. Fasting at this time is tantamount to adding insult to injury. Diarrhea patients can choose some light and digestible foods for their sick meals.
5] Due to frequent diarrhea, the mucosa and skin of anus will be red, swollen and painful due to the stimulation of feces. Wipe clean with soft paper after defecation, rinse with warm water when possible, and then apply vaseline for protection. Nursing routine of pneumonia
Disease observation 1. Measure blood pressure, temperature, pulse and breathing regularly. 2. Observe the mental symptoms, whether there is unconsciousness, lethargy and irritability.
3. Observe whether there are early symptoms of shock, such as irritability, slow response and decreased urine output.
4. Pay attention to the change of color, quality and quantity of phlegm.
5. Closely observe the effects and side effects of various drugs.
Nursing measures 1. According to the condition and doctor's advice, reasonable oxygen therapy. 2. Ensure that the intravenous infusion is unobstructed and there is no overflow, and set the central venous catheter pressure when necessary to know the blood volume. 3. Send sputum culture and blood culture according to the doctor's advice.
4. See high fever nursing routine for high fever nursing. Chest pain, cough and expectoration can be treated symptomatically.
6. Diet care, giving a high-nutrition diet, encouraging drinking more water, and giving a light and digestible semi-liquid diet to critically ill and high fever.
7. Keep warm and stay in bed as much as possible. Health guidance 1. Exercise and strengthen your body resistance. 2. Avoid catching a cold during the season change. 3. Avoid excessive fatigue and go to public places less when a cold is prevalent.
4. Prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection as soon as possible.