The word "tea" comes from "erya? Jenny: "bitter tea (later the word" tea ") is also. "The ancient names of tea are tea, tea, tea and so on.
Tea tree likes humid climate and is widely cultivated in the south of the Yangtze River basin in China. Tea leaves are made into tea leaves and soaked in water for use. Tea can be picked after three years of planting. Generally, 4-5 leaves of buds are picked before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the quality of tea made is very good, which belongs to treasures. The widely popular health drink in the world originated from China. China tea culture is extensive and profound, and Han people have been drinking tea for thousands of years. In the era of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, there was a story of Shennong detoxicating with tea.
China proverbs "seven things to open the door" and "rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea" also illustrate the importance of tea in China culture. At the time of peace and prosperity in ancient China, tea also began to become one of the pastimes of literati, alongside "Chyi Chin, calligraphy, painting, poetry and wine".
Because of the different pronunciations of "tea" in dialects around China, China has different names when spreading tea culture to other countries in the world. The national languages that introduced tea from China earlier are called "tea" or similar pronunciations in Chinese, such as Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, Russia and its neighboring Slavic countries, as well as Greek and Portuguese, which came into contact with Arabic earlier. Russian and Hindi are also called "tea" (чай, firewood) [source request].
Later, because the Dutch and the Spanish successively occupied Taiwan Province Province, they knew that tea was called "te" or similar pronunciation from Minnan, so the western European countries who knew tea later called it "te", especially the Spanish and Portuguese were closely related, and they could talk to each other in their own language without any problem, but the name of tea was completely different.
Main classification
According to the classification of tea making methods in Chen Shaokuan's Complete Collection of Tea Identification, Tea Making and Tea Tasting, it can be divided into non-fermented green tea; Mildly fermented green tea; Highly (semi) fermented oolong tea; Four kinds of fully fermented black tea.
The fermentation degree of green tea is 0%, and the main finished teas are Longjing, Guapian, Biluochun tea, Mao Feng tea and Wuyun tea.
The fermentation degree of white tea is 5%- 10%, and the main finished teas are Baozhong tea, Baihao Yinzhen tea, Bai Mudan tea and fragrant tablets.
The fermentation degree of oolong tea is 15%~50%. The main finished teas are Wuyi Rock Tea, Dahongpao, Frozen Top Oolong Tea, Alpine Tea and Tieguanyin.
The fermentation degree of black tea is 100%, and the main products are Qi Hong and Dianhong. [3]
(Tea has different classifications from different angles:
I. Classification by color: 1. Green tea II. White tea 3. Green tea. Black tea 5. Yellow tea 6. Black tea.
Classification of fermentation degree: 1. Non-fermented (green tea) II. Semi-fermented (green tea) 3. Full fermentation (black tea) 4. Post fermentation (black tea).
1. Green tea does not ferment (Shifeng Longjing, Biluochun, Huangshan Mao Feng)
2. White tea (white hair dew, white hair and silver needle, Bai Mudan, Shoumei, etc.). ) 5~ 10%;
3. Green tea (Anxi Tieguanyin, Wuyi Dahongpao, Taiwan Province Oolong Tea, etc.). ) 15~20%;
4.30-40% of packaged tea (packaged tea in northern Taiwan Province Province/packaged tea in Wenshan, Taiwan Province Province, etc.). );
5. Oolong tea (northern Fujian oolong/southern Fujian oolong/Taiwan Province oolong/Guangdong oolong, etc. ) 60~70%;
6. Black tea (Hunan black tea/Hubei old green tea/Sichuan border tea/Diangui black tea) 80%;
7. Yellow tea (silver needle/yellow teeth/Maojian tea/Don Juan/Huang Dacha/Dayeqing/Haima Palace, etc.). ) 85%;
8. Black tea (Darjeeling, India/Assam/Ceylon, etc. ) 95%;
Third, the baking degree is classified as: 1. Slight fire (raw tea) 2. Medium fire (medium tea) 3. Fire (cooked tea)
Fourth, by season: 1. Spring tea II. Summer tea 3. Autumn tea 4. Winter tea.
5. Different classification of withering degree: 1. Green tea does not wither and ferment; 2. Black tea fermentation does not wither;
3. Yellow tea does not wither and does not ferment (stuffy, fermented after deactivation);
4. White tea withers and does not ferment; 5. Green tea withered and partially fermented.
Non-withering tea: green tea, black tea and yellow tea.
Withered tea: white tea, green tea, packaged tea, oolong tea and black tea.
Six, reprocessed tea:
1. scented tea (jasmine tea, pearl osmanthus tea, rose tea, osmanthus tea, etc. )
2. Pressed tea (black brick, Fuzhuan tea, square tea, cake tea, etc.). )
3. Extract tea (instant tea, concentrated tea, etc.). )
4. Fruity tea (litchi black tea, lemon black tea, monkey peach tea, etc.). )
5. Medicinal health tea (slimming tea, Eucommia tea, stevia tea, etc.). )
6. Tea drinks
Basic tea
Include green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea and black tea.
(1) green tea
Including fried green tea, baked green tea, sun-dried green tea and steamed green tea.
1, fried green tea is divided into: (1) eyebrow tea (special, rare, phoenix, xiumei, Gong Xi, shrimp) (2) pearl tea (pearl tea, rain tea, xiumei, etc. (3) Sauteed green tea (Mengding Gan Lu, Longjing, Dafang, Biluochun and Natsume).
2. Baking green tea is divided into: (1) ordinary baking green tea (Sichuan baking green tea, Suzhou baking green tea, Zhejiang baking green tea, Huizhou baking green tea, Fujian baking green tea, etc. (2) Exquisite roasted green tea (Mao Feng, Taiping Monkey Kui, Huading Wu Yun, etc.). ).
3. Suntanned green tea is divided into: Sichuan green, Yunnan green, Shaanxi green and so on.
4. Steamed green tea is divided into: fried tea, jade dew and so on. There are not many in China, but the Japanese like the tea made in this way. )
(2) Black tea
Divided into: small black tea, kung fu black tea, and red broken tea.
1, the races of black tea are: Zhengshan Race and Tobacco Race. By the way, these teas were originally used for export, because Europeans like the feeling of walking in pine forests, so these teas have a faint pine fragrance.
2. Kung Fu black tea includes: Chuanhong (Golden Mannan, Red Mannan, etc. ), Qi Hong, Dianhong and Hong Min (Jin Junmei, etc. ).
3. Broken red tea includes: leaf tea, broken tea, slice tea and tail tea.
(3) Oolong tea (also known as green tea, here it is emphasized that green tea refers to oolong tea, not green tea).
Divided into:
1, Wulong in northern Fujian (Wuyi Rock Tea-Dahongpao, Narcissus, Cinnamon, Banbianyao, Lan Qi, Eight Immortals, etc. There are also some local teas such as Jian 'ou Jianyang, such as short-legged oolong. )
2. Minnan Oolong Tea (Tieguanyin, Lan Qi, Narcissus, Huang Jingui, etc. Narcissus and Lan Qi mainly refer to tea from different places, and the same kind of tea is produced in different places).
3. Guangdong Oolong Tea (Fenghuang Danzong, Fenghuang Narcissus, Lingtou Danzong, etc.). )
4. Oolong in Taiwan Province Province (frozen top oolong, containing seeds, etc. The same is true of the one called Oriental Beauty, which was popular two years ago.)
5. Alishan Alpine Tea (Alishan Qingxin Oolong Tea, Alishan Acura Jinxuan Tea, etc. )
(4) White tea
Divided into: white bud tea and white leaf tea.
1, white bud tea, mainly refers to silver needles and the like.
2. White leaf tea mainly refers to Bai Mudan and Gongmei.
(5) Yellow tea
Divided into: yellow bud tea, yellow small tea and yellow tea.
1. Yellow bud tea: including Mengding yellow bud and Junshan silver needle.
2. Huangxiaocha: including Beigang Maojian, Weishan Maojian and Wenzhou Tanghuang.
3. Huang Da tea: including Huoshan Huangda tea and Guangdong Dayeqing tea.
(6) Black tea
Divided into:
1, Hunan black tea (Anhua black tea, etc. )
2. Hubei old green tea (Puyin old green tea, etc. )
3. Sichuan side tea (south road side tea and west road side tea, etc.). )
4. Yunnan and Guangxi black tea (Liubao tea, etc.). )
5. Shaanxi black tea (Jingwei tea, etc. )
6. Pu 'er tea
(1), cake and tea
(2) Tuocha
(3) Brick tea
(4) Kumquat tribute tea
(5) Mushroom tea
(6), tea
(7), wolfberry cake
(8) Xiaojintuo
(9), old tea head
Reprocessed tea
Reprocessed tea is called "added tea" and is made of various kinds of crude tea or refined tea, including scented tea, pressed tea, extracted tea, fruity tea, medicinal health tea and tea beverage.
(a) scented tea (jasmine tea, Zhu Lan scented tea, rose tea, osmanthus tea, etc.). )
Scented tea, which is a rare tea color. It is a product that enhances the fragrance of tea with floral fragrance, which is very popular in China. Generally, green tea is used as tea blank, and a few people use black tea or oolong tea as tea blank. It is made of fragrant flowers and fragrance according to the characteristic that tea easily absorbs peculiar smell. There are several kinds of flowers used, such as jasmine and osmanthus, among which jasmine is the most.
(two) pressed tea (black brick, Fu brick, square tea, cake tea, etc.). )
(3) Extract tea (instant tea, concentrated tea, etc.). , popular in tea cream in the past two years).
(4) Fruity tea (litchi black tea, lemon black tea, kiwi tea, etc.). )
(5) Medicinal health tea (slimming tea, Eucommia ulmoides tea, Laoying tea, etc.). , mostly tea plants, not real tea).
Medicated tea is made by mixing drugs with tea leaves, so as to exert and strengthen the efficacy of drugs, promote the dissolution of drugs, increase the aroma and coordinate the taste of drugs. There are many kinds of this kind of tea, such as "afternoon tea", "ginger tea powder", "longevity tea" and "slimming tea".
(6) Tea drinks (iced black tea, iced green tea, milk tea, etc.). )
From a global perspective, among the above teas, black tea is the most, followed by green tea, and white tea is the least.
(7) Matcha: Matcha was invented by Han people, and it was ground into superfine, covered and steamed green tea with natural stone mill. Green tea 10- cover and shade 30 days before picking, and the processing method of matcha is grinding.
Matcha originated in the Sui Dynasty in China, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties and died out in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. At the end of the ninth century, he went to Japan with Tang envoys and became the quintessence of Japan.
nutritional ingredient
Tea contains a variety of ingredients, nearly 500 kinds. There are mainly caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, choline, xanthine, flavonoids and glycosides, tea tannins, catechins, terpenoids, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, aromatic oils, carbohydrates, multivitamins, protein and amino acids. Amino acids include cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid and arginine. Tea also contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, fluorine, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, copper, germanium and magnesium.
Tea drinking method
Drink fresh tea
The newer the new tea, the better. Improper drinking can easily hurt the stomach. Because new tea has just been picked, it has a short storage time and contains more unoxidized polyphenols, aldehydes and alcohols, which has little effect on healthy people. But for patients with poor gastrointestinal function, especially those with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, these substances will stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, and people with poor gastrointestinal function are more likely to induce stomach diseases. Therefore, it is not advisable to drink more new tea, and do not drink new tea that has been stored for less than half a month.
In addition, new tea also contains more caffeine, active alkaloids and various aromatic substances, which will also excite people's central nervous system. Patients with neurasthenia and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should drink it in moderation, not before going to bed or on an empty stomach. The correct way is to leave it for half a month before using it. People who are usually easily excited or sensitive, have poor sleep and are weak should drink less or not drink tea at night.
Time and taboo
It is best to drink tea after meals, because drinking tea on an empty stomach will harm your health, especially for people who don't drink tea often, it will inhibit the secretion of gastric juice, hinder digestion, and seriously cause palpitations, headaches and other "tea drunk" phenomena. In addition, when drinking tea at night, you should put less tea leaves and don't make the tea too strong.
It should be noted that you must not drink overnight tea. In addition, the temperature is generally high in summer, so tea should not exceed 12 hour. You can't make tea in a thermos cup to avoid the loss of nutrients.
Berberine and tea cannot be eaten at the same time. Do not drink tea within 2 hours before and after taking berberine. Tea contains about 10% tannin, which is an alkaloid precipitant, and can combine with alkaloids in berberine to form insoluble tannin precipitate, which reduces the efficacy of berberine.
Drinking tea on an empty stomach will dilute our gastric juice, leading to a decline in digestive function, resulting in palpitation, dizziness, headache, fatigue and other phenomena.
It should also be noted that tea is an irritating drink, which contains tannic acid and caffeine, and teenagers should not drink tea. And girls should never drink tea in six stages:
1, when menstruation comes
2. The pregnant woman is pregnant.
3. Before a pregnant woman is about to give birth
4. Mothers who want to breastfeed themselves after giving birth.
Step 5 be a wet nurse
6. menopausal women
Please pay special attention to:
1. Avoid drinking hot tea and herbal tea (cold coagulation and phlegm accumulation).
2. Avoid excessive brewing times (after 3 or 4 times, there is basically no tea juice, and the trace harmful elements contained in it are brewed last)
3. Avoid drinking tea before meals (tasteless diet reduces the function of digestive organs to absorb protein), and drink tea immediately after meals (which affects the absorption of protein and iron).
Tea and season
Most parts of China have a monsoon climate with four distinct seasons: high temperature in spring, hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter. So drinking tea in different seasons should be adjusted accordingly. Generally speaking, it is recommended to drink scented tea in spring, green tea in summer, green tea in autumn and black tea in winter.
It is advisable to drink scented tea in spring, which can disperse the cold evil accumulated in the body all winter and promote the hair growth of human yang; It is advisable to drink green tea in summer. Green tea tastes bitter and cold, and it can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, detoxify, enhance gastrointestinal function, promote digestion, prevent diarrhea and skin boils infection. Green tea should be drunk in autumn. Green tea is neither cold nor hot, which can completely eliminate the residual heat in the body and make people feel refreshed. It is advisable to drink black tea in winter, which is sweet and rich in protein and has a certain nourishing effect.
◆ Drink scented tea in spring
In the days of spring, the spring breeze recovers, and the sun is the spirit, bringing vitality to everything. But at this time, people generally feel sleepy and weak, and there is a phenomenon of spring sleepiness.
People drinking scented tea can alleviate the adverse effects of spring sleep. Scented tea tastes sweet and cool, but its fragrance is pungent, which is beneficial to dispel the cold evil accumulated in the human body in winter, promote the growth of yang in the body, make people feel refreshed and make the "spring sleep" disappear on its own.
Scented tea is a treasure in tea that combines the beauty of tea taste and the beauty of flowers. "Flowers attract tea and fragrance complement each other", which is made by mixing tea and flowers by using the principle of smell absorption characteristics of tea such as fried green tea and fragrance emission characteristics of flowers, among which jasmine tea is the most famous. This is because jasmine has a clear fragrance, and the tea is mellow and refreshing, rich and pleasant. For high-grade scented tea, cover the cup with transparent glass, take 3 grams of scented tea, put it in the cup, brew it with boiling water slightly cooled to about 90℃, and then cover the cup to prevent the fragrance from losing. After two or three minutes, you can have a drink and feel fragrant and refreshing.
◆ Drink green tea in summer.
Summer is hot, the sun is like fire, people sweat like rain in it, their physical strength is very high, and their mood is low. At this time, it is better to taste green tea. Because green tea belongs to unfermented tea, it is cold in nature, "cold can clear away heat", which can remove fire, promote fluid production to quench thirst, promote digestion and eliminate phlegm, and accelerate the healing of oral cavity and mild gastric ulcer.
But also has high nutritional components and medicinal values of reducing blood fat and preventing arteriosclerosis. This kind of tea has clear water color, elegant fragrance and fresh taste after brewing. It can be drunk every day in summer to clear away heat and relieve summer heat, strengthen the body and benefit the body. Among the treasures of green tea, there is Longjing in Shifeng, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, which is known as "the top green tea in China" because of its green soup and pleasant fragrance. Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province is "Biluochun", with green tea color and rich aroma. Mao Feng, Huangshan, Anhui, is full of tea fragrance.
Brew ordinary green tea at 90℃; High-grade green tea and exquisite tea have delicate buds and leaves, and the aroma is mostly low-boiling. They can be brewed with boiling water at 80℃, and there is no need to cover the cup when brewing, so as to avoid being sulked by heat and affecting the freshness of tea soup.
◆ Drink green tea in autumn.
In autumn, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the golden wind is bleak, the flowers and trees are withered, and the climate is dry, which makes people thirsty and chapped. Traditional Chinese medicine calls it "autumn dryness", so it's time to drink green tea. Green tea, also known as oolong tea, belongs to semi-fermented tea, which is between green tea and black tea. The colors are blue and brown. After brewing, you can see that the middle of the leaves is blue and the edges are red. It is called "the edge of green leaves". It has both the fragrance and natural floral fragrance of green tea and the mellow fragrance of black tea. Not cold or hot, mild. It has the effects of moistening skin, moistening throat, promoting fluid production, eliminating accumulated heat in the body, and adapting the body to changes in natural environment.
Common oolong tea brands are Fujian Oolong, Guangdong Oolong and Taiwan Province Oolong, among which Tieguanyin in Anxi, South Fujian and Wuyi Rock Tea in North Fujian are famous. However, many oolong teas are divided into tea varieties, such as Tieguanyin, Lan Qi, Meizhan, Narcissus, Peach Blossom and Hairy Crab. Oolong tea is used to strong drinking, paying attention to taste and smell. Brewing oolong tea requires 100℃ boiling water. After soaking, pour the tea in the teapot into the teacup for a while, which is rich in flavor and fragrant in teeth and cheeks.
◆ Drink black tea in winter.
It is freezing in winter, everything is dormant, cold evil attacks people, the physiological function of human body declines, and the yang gradually declines. Chinese medicine believes: "In the cold winter, everything is alive and hidden, and the physiological activities of the human body are in a state of inhibition. The way to keep healthy is to keep out the cold, so black tea is the top grade in winter.
Famous traditional Kung Fu black tea products include Hong Hu, Hongyi, Ninghong, Hong Min, Taihong, Qi Hong, etc. It is famous for Qi Hong in Qimen County, Anhui Province. When brewing black tea, it is advisable to brew it with freshly boiled water and cover the cup to avoid fragrance. British people generally have the habit of drinking "afternoon tea". They often mix Qi Hong and Indian black tea, and then add milk and sugar to drink. In some parts of China, there is also the habit of drinking black tea with sugar, milk and sesame seeds. This kind of tea can not only warm the abdomen, but also increase nutrition and strengthen the body.
Identification method
Discrimination of new tea
New tea is better than old tea, which means ordinary, not necessarily. Timely storage, for Longjing tea, not only has good color and taste, but also has the beauty of fragrance. Another example is oolong tea. As long as it is properly preserved, even the tea aged every other year has the characteristics of rich aroma and mellow taste. However, among many tea varieties, for more teas, it is still "new and more expensive". Judging new tea and old tea can be distinguished from the following three aspects:
1. According to the color of tea, old tea and new tea can be distinguished. Generally speaking, the color of green tea is green, and the color of soup is yellow-green and bright; Black tea is a symbol of new tea. It is dark in color and bright red and orange in soup.
2. New tea and old tea can be distinguished by aroma. With the extension of time, the aroma of tea will change from high to low, and the aroma type will also change from new tea aroma to low stuffy aroma.
3. You can also distinguish new tea from old tea by its taste. No matter what kind of tea it is, the taste of new tea is mellow and fresh, while that of old Chaze is light and unpleasant.
Tea quality identification
Generally speaking, the quality of tea can be identified by sensory evaluation. It is through people's vision, senses and taste organs that the intrinsic characteristics of tea are grasped, and the quality of tea is finally judged comprehensively through the methods of seeing, smelling, touching and tasting. Usually, first pick up a handful of dry tea with both hands, put it on your nose and take a deep breath of tea. Everything that smells like tea is good tea; Poor with green smell or mixed with other smells. At the same time, it can also be identified by combining the color of tea; Grab a handful of tea leaves by hand and put them in the middle of a white paper or a white plate. Spread out the tea leaves and observe them carefully. If green tea is dark green, black tea is dark green and oolong tea is dark green, and the color of each tea is basically the same, it is good tea. If the color of tea leaves is messy, uncoordinated or inconsistent with the real color of tea leaves, the quality is poor.