The above-mentioned psychological state of elderly patients is not only beneficial to the treatment of diseases, but will aggravate the development of the disease and make it more difficult for the sick body to recover health and safety as soon as possible. Therefore, it is very important to eliminate the above negative psychological emotions of the elderly who have been ill for a long time in time and cooperate with doctors for active treatment.
First, we should treat diseases correctly. As the saying goes, "People who eat whole grains will not get sick." When people reach old age, their bodies are gradually aging and prone to various diseases. This is expected, and it also conforms to the law of development of things. There's no need to panic. Every elderly person should be fully prepared to get sick in his later years. Whether he is psychologically prepared or not, or even full of doubts, the treatment effect is very different.
Second, it's safe to come. If there is a disease, we must cooperate with medical staff to actively treat it, and we must promptly eliminate all kinds of negative psychological emotions that affect treatment and health and safety. It should be noted that with the development of modern medical technology, most diseases can be treated or alleviated. Even cancer can be effectively controlled or cured as long as it is treated early. Old people should be confident, not impatient, not depressed and not afraid to treat diseases. We should always keep a calm, calm, calm, optimistic and cheerful mood and fight stubbornly against the disease.
Third, relax your mental tension-relaxation therapy.
Relaxation therapy is based on health preservation, and its basic principle is that learning to relax is an important guarantee to improve health and safety, reduce one's tension and anxiety, and enhance one's confidence in coping with difficulties under quiet and no mental and physical load. Relaxation therapy generally goes through the following steps:
(1) Choose an environment with clean air and quiet surroundings.
(2) Choose a posture that makes you feel comfortable, standing, sitting or lying down. If it is during the day, or when the mental activity is more exciting, it is best to choose a standing position or a sitting position. If you want to rest or sleep, you can choose to sit or lie down. If you want to relax yourself, you have to have a comfortable posture, which requires your muscles to support your body without exertion. For example, when sitting, you should easily sit on the sofa, put your arms and hands flat on the armrest of the sofa, stretch your legs forward naturally, and gently lean your head and upper body against the backrest of the sofa. This is a comfortable posture for relaxation.
(3) Before relaxation therapy, loosen all personal tight clothes (such as belts and ties), and remove jewelry, watches, glasses and other things that hinder relaxation practice, and take off shoes and hats. The purpose of this is to reduce tactile stimulation, which is one of the reasons for muscle tension.
(4) relax all parts of the body. Close your eyes, put your tongue on the palate, and relax the joints and muscles of all parts of your body from head to toe. In order to test whether you have relaxed your muscles, you can first make a fist gently and feel the degree of muscle relaxation. Repeated feelings like this can achieve the purpose of relaxing muscles and joints.
(5) Keep breathing naturally and comfortably. The regulation of breathing is not easy to master, because breathing is not only controlled by autonomic nerves, but also regulated and controlled by your consciousness. So, what kind of breathing is the most natural and comfortable? Only when people don't pay attention to their breathing at all, and only rely on the natural ups and downs of the body to drive breathing, the breathing produced in this way is the most natural. It is slow and even, which makes people in a comfortable state. That is, forgetting to breathe in a natural process, rather than directly and consciously controlling breathing, is often counterproductive.
(6) relax consciousness and concentrate. This step is more difficult. You should learn to control your consciousness. The way is to keep a certain part of your body, such as your abdomen, say a simple word silently and imagine a tree, so as to achieve the purpose of relaxation. When your consciousness is relaxed, your consciousness can reach a quiet and comfortable awake state.
Through relaxation therapy, the body and mind are relaxed and the body is actively nursed back to health, which is conducive to the recovery of the sick body. This is naturally achieved through "self-regulation" in the body. Medical psychologists believe that any diseased organ has the function of self-repair under good conditions. Relaxation therapy creates the best health and safety conditions for the body.
At the beginning of relaxation therapy, it is best to take about 30 minutes twice a day. With the mastery of the whole treatment process, the time of each treatment can be reduced by about 20 minutes or even less. Relaxation therapy should generally be arranged one hour after lunch or before going to bed at night. In this way, the time of relaxation therapy is relatively fixed, and it is also helpful to improve the quality of sleep and enhance the relaxation effect.
Because relaxation therapy requires patients to relax their consciousness and concentrate, and concentration is difficult for many people to maintain, so I will introduce two small exercises to exercise people's concentration:
One is the metronome method. You find a metronome, sit still in a straight posture, and then listen attentively to the ticking sound. At first, the sound you heard was distant and weak. When you concentrate, you will feel the sound of the metronome vibrating in your chest, as if it were reflected from the walls around the room. If you don't have a metronome, you can use a clock or watch instead. For example, stick a watch to your ear and listen to the ticking sound of the watch hands, and you can exercise.
The other is the line pendulum method. Tie a 20 cm long thread to an ancient copper coin or screw nut, then hold the other end of the rope with your hand, let the copper coin or nut hang in front of its nose, and keep your eyes on the small holes of the copper coin and nut. When your attention is focused here, repeat "move left and right, move left and right" in your mind. After a while, you will find that the copper coin or nut really moved. At this time, you can say to yourself "bigger, bigger". In this way, the swing will really get bigger. The more focused you are, the stronger your reaction will be. It's no use if you don't concentrate.
Fourth, the pain is mild when you are calm, and it is very painful when you are impetuous-a wonderful psychological analgesia method. Psychological research and clinical observation have proved that psychological factors can not only induce and aggravate pain, but also delay and inhibit it. Therefore, using psychological methods to control pain is one of the four major methods to control pain today (the other three methods are surgery, drug analgesia and physiological methods). Psychological analgesia is effective because the essence of pain is a psychological and physiological phenomenon caused by some "pain substances". When the human body is subjected to various adverse stimuli, it will rupture the cells at the stimulation site, causing some painful substances to run out of the cells and touch the nerves, causing pain. For example, "potassium" is a painful substance. Potassium ions are mainly stored in more than 6 billion cells of human body. Usually, it has no chance to touch nerve endings. Only when cells are damaged, potassium ions will escape from cells, stimulate nerve endings and cause pain. So what is the relationship between pain and people's psychology? It turns out that cell damage is also related to muscle tension. When people's psychology is in a state of tension, it will make people's muscles tense, leading to vasospasm, hypoxia and ischemia of tissues and cells, and potassium ions run outside the cells, causing pain.
Psychological analgesia mainly includes:
(1) Will control method: As the saying goes, the less you are afraid of pain, the less it hurts. Under the support of firm will and confidence, the human body will have great anti-pain power to great pain, so that its response can be alleviated. Everyone knows the story of Liu Bocheng's eye injury in the war. General Liu insisted on completing the operation without any anesthesia, which made the foreign doctors who operated on him sigh: "What a military god."
(2) the shift of attention: patients should not always focus on the painful parts, which will lead to a bad cycle of more attention and more pain. Therefore, we should try our best to shift our attention to other meaningful or interesting things, such as watching movies, reading books and listening to music, so that the pain will be alleviated or disappeared.
(3) Emotional stability method: Emotional stability and sedation will dull the pain of patients and reduce the pain response. To this end, the elderly suffering from serious illness must firmly believe that it does not mean death and establish confidence in overcoming the disease. Patients' families should also be careful not to be too sad in front of patients, so as not to cause patients to be in a bad mood. Always recall the good old days with patients and look forward to a better future, so that patients can feel the warmth of the world. When the patient is in a good mood, it will greatly enhance the tolerance to pain and reduce the pain caused by the disease.
(4) Self-encouragement method: In the case of pain, patients can use the method of self-suggestion to meditate in their own minds: "It doesn't hurt", "It doesn't matter" and "it will be all right in a minute", which can often get a good effect of relieving pain. Elderly patients can also encourage each other when conditions permit.
Fifth, good psychological adjustment and early recovery of the disease-the elimination of patients' bad psychology. Old people who are seriously ill are prone to form three kinds of bad psychological states:
First, impatience: after a serious illness, the old man became very angry because he was in a bad mood. He often loses his temper over trifles, commonly known as "nameless fire". In this case, the patient's relatives are most likely to become the object of their temper.
In the process of seeking medical treatment, impatience is always wanting to make a quick decision and hope to show immediate curative effect. Impatience leads patients to want to change hospitals and doctors before the curative effect has appeared. However, the more impatient the mind, the more frequent the hospital doctors change, and the more difficult it is to cure the disease.
Second, suspicious psychology: because the elderly have a "terminal illness", they are under great psychological pressure and have a sense of emptiness and uncertainty, so they are very sensitive to many things around them, so they think too much about problems and have a suspicious psychology.
Suspicion of doctors: First, patients tend to suspect that doctors may have misdiagnosed themselves, and they like to suspect that doctors' treatment level is not high after diagnosis. People are very sensitive when they doubt, and they always tend to collect evidence to prove their views, which leads to their growing doubts.
Suspicion of family: Old people's self-esteem has become particularly strong after illness, so they are particularly suspicious of their family's attitude towards themselves. For example, if there is a little conflict with family members, patients will doubt whether their family members already hate themselves, complain that they have brought them trouble, and hope that they will die early. As a result, the more they think about it, the more biased they feel, and they become "jittery and nervous".
Suspicion of illness: After the elderly are seriously ill, they are always worried and wonder if they are dying because their lives are threatened. Suspicion makes them not believe what doctors and relatives tell them about their illness, and they will suspect that they are lying to themselves, so they have been in a state of anxiety.
The third is anxiety: when the elderly are terminally ill, one of the most obvious emotional reactions is the anxiety caused by realizing that they are facing the danger of death. Anxiety is an emotional experience accompanied by anxiety, fear and anxiety. Anxiety comes from a dangerous and uncertain situation: can you cure your illness? How long can I live? These anxieties lead to the enhancement of psychological activities, and even lead to the phenomenon of rapid heartbeat, headache, panic, tension and fear. In severe cases, people can sit still and sleep. Anxiety is also an important inducement for patients to be more aggressive.
It is completely understandable that the elderly have the above-mentioned adverse psychological reactions after illness. But at the same time, you must realize that they are very unfavorable to the cure of diseases. Therefore, it is very important to eliminate the above psychology in time and properly, especially when undergoing surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to cooperate with doctors to make psychological adjustments and help them establish the best psychological state conducive to treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, elderly patients should improve their health and safety psychology from the following aspects:
(1) Eliminate doubts. It is completely understandable that patients want to choose a good hospital and doctor for themselves. But after choosing the right one, you must have a basic trust in the treatment hospital and doctors. You must persist in looking for it, and you can't chop and change. In this way, the opportunity for treatment will be delayed. So deep down, you must believe that you can be cured, and the doctor will find a way. This comprehensive treatment will definitely have a very positive effect.
In addition, don't exaggerate your illness subjectively and arbitrarily, thinking that you are very ill and dying, which is not good for your illness. If you do have doubts, you should honestly raise your doubts with doctors and family members, let them explain or give psychological counseling, and eliminate the bumps in your heart in time.
(2) Beware of impatience. In the psychology of elderly patients, they often hope to get "immediate results" after taking the medicine and get rid of the disease after the operation. But the wish comes true, but things are not so simple. It can't be finished soon. If the patient is impatient and loses confidence in the treatment, it will aggravate the condition. Therefore, you should be prepared to fight a big battle, a bad battle and a protracted war for your illness. Don't worry, and do everything according to the "established policy" of treatment.
(3) get along well. Whether the patient's relationship with the people around him is harmonious is very important for the improvement of his condition. If you can get along well with all parties, you can reduce your inner pressure, feel happy and focus your "strength" on fighting diseases. In order to do a good job in all aspects of the relationship, patients should first learn to change their psychological position, consider problems from each other's point of view, and consider more for their families. It is not easy to understand the hardships and great pressure of family members to take care of themselves. Secondly, we should be good at controlling our emotions, don't "sell illness by illness", vent freely without scruple, just be happy and completely forget the inner pain of others. Remind yourself when the mood is about to erupt: "Don't be angry" and "Here we go again, we can't do this". Don't let yourself get angry with people at will, not to say that you don't want to vent your bad emotions, but to say that you must have a reasonable way to vent, not just for the people you love. Finally, we should pay more attention to communication with others and do more things that we can to care for and care for others. When people get along well with each other, their mood will not go bad easily.
(4) reduce anxiety. When people's lives are threatened, anxiety is a good warning signal, which makes people keep alert to the threat and respond accordingly. However, long-term and severe anxiety will cause endocrine dysfunction, and then destroy its natural defense system, which will definitely affect the treatment of diseases.
Patients should know the real cause of their anxiety so as to take targeted measures. For example, if the patient knows nothing about the treatment activities that happen to him, it will often cause or aggravate his anxiety. So at this time, we should take the initiative to understand the progress of some treatments and reduce or eliminate our anxiety. Patients can also consciously disperse their anxiety through some activities, such as playing Tai Ji Chuan, watching TV, practicing Qigong, listening to music, reading and writing. In addition, taking some anti-anxiety drugs in moderation is also very effective in helping to restore normal mood.
Sixth, music also has the power of rejuvenation-music-assisted therapy. Music therapy has a long history in China. More than 2,000 years ago, Yue Ji pointed out that music can adjust people's harmonious life, cultivate sentiment and improve health. Gong, Shang, Jiao and Zheng are the "five tones" in ancient times. Neijing holds that the five tones contact the five internal organs respectively, which directly or indirectly affects people's emotions. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the five tones interact with the five zang-organs through the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire and earth). For example, the palace tone is majestic and broad, with the characteristics of "earth", which can enter the spleen of the five zang-organs, and the business tone is clean and solemn, with the characteristics of "gold" and can enter the lungs.
Why can music cure diseases? Music has both physiological and psychological functions in the treatment of diseases. Physiologically speaking, music is a regular sound wave vibration, which can coordinate the rhythm of various organs of the human body and stimulate the ability in the body. As we all know, the human body is vibrating everywhere. There are electric waves in the brain, peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract, pulsation in the heart, tension and relaxation, contraction and extension. These vibrations have a certain rhythm, just like the human biological clock, which is regular and rhythmic. When the rhythm and melody of music match the rhythm your body feels, you will have a sense of pleasure and pleasure. Some people abroad use electronic musical instruments to find that music with strong rhythm and high tone can enhance muscle strength; Music with slow rhythm and harmonious tone can make breathing steady, heartbeat regular, blood pressure drop, and also help to regulate autonomic nerve function.
The main function of music therapy is psychological function. Music acts on the brain, which can improve the excitability of nerve cells, change the emotional state and arouse positive and healthy emotions. By regulating nerves and neurohumors, we can promote the body to secrete some substances that are beneficial to health, such as hormones, enzymes, acetylcholine, etc., regulate blood flow, increase gastrointestinal peristalsis and digestive juice secretion, thus promoting the metabolic function of the whole body, enhancing disease resistance, and achieving the purpose of reducing diseases and restoring health. Psychologists in China use music to test people's physical and mental reactions. First of all, they used quiet and soft music such as "Moonlight on the Spring River" and found that the subjects felt relaxed when their arousal level dropped, and measured their physical reactions, such as gastrointestinal activity, skin electrical reaction and electromyography reaction, with a physiological recorder. Secondly, using unrestrained and cheerful music such as Jingpo Happy Village, the subjects have the opposite effect, the level of awakening is improved, and the whole person is excited. People's emotions seem to be infected, and they can't help but enter an exciting situation with music.
When the elderly are seriously ill, they will have a huge negative impact on their emotions, resulting in psychological tension, fear, anxiety, depression, mania and other adverse emotional reactions. Therefore, how to use music to adjust one's emotions is of great significance for overcoming diseases. When you hear a beautiful piece of music, especially music that is completely in tune with your own mood, you will feel a magical effect, which will make you forget the hidden pain in your heart and gradually enter a peaceful state of mind.
According to the psychological characteristics of the elderly, this paper introduces how to choose songs to adjust their psychological safety and healthy emotions:
Insomnia and neurasthenia: Schumann's violin serenade fantasia, ode to the virgin and lullaby, Haydn's Thorio in G major, Bizet's Carmen, Mozart's lullaby, Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's piano concerto Dream and Schubert's serenade.
Depression: Liszt's hungarian rhapsody, Mendelssohn's Scottish Symphony No.3 in C minor, etc. , BBK, Welcome, Cloud Chasing the Moon, Golden Snake Dance, Happy Birthday, Late at night, rainy day, Frontier Dance, Spring Festival Overture, etc.
Anxiety and irritability: Beethoven's Eighth Symphony, johann strauss Garden Dance Music "Blue Danube", Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Moon Reflected in Erquan, Bach's "Divine Reach", Beethoven's "Moonlight", Grieg's Sonata in A Minor, Chopin's "A Minor" and Schubert's Sixth Symphony.
Sorrow: Dance in the Garden of Sorrow by Celius, and Symphony No.14 in B minor by Mozart. Listen to Gershwin's rhapsody in blue when the sadness fades away.
Empty mind: Beethoven's fate, bocconi's cello sonata No.6 in A major, Japanese song trawl minor.
Bad mood and uncertain mood: Beethoven's sonata, Chopin's and Strauss' garden dance music, Aftab, Moonlit Night on the Spring River, Tchaikovsky's garden dance music, Wagner's Song of Spring, Badzak's Quartet in A minor, Mendelssohn's Symphony No.4, Brahms' Symphony No.2, Pingping.
Stimulate appetite and strengthen digestion: Huayue God Park, happy dance music.
Using music to adjust your mood, not only listening, but also humming to yourself, that is, consciously and relaxed humming songs, music or other melodic tunes will be of great benefit to your body and mind over time.
For example, when you have anger, tension, irritability, anxiety and other negative emotions, if you can consciously hum a few songs, your mood will gradually calm down. Humming is also beneficial to relieve fatigue, both physically and mentally. In addition, humming is also beneficial to the circulation of qi and blood, because humming music has a fixed rhythm, which breaks the normal breathing rhythm and plays a role in regulating breath.
Music, as an artistic means, is showing magical medical magic in medicine, bringing good news to patients and reaching the other side of health and safety as soon as possible.