Enough heat.
Calories meet the basic needs of the body, with 30~35 calories per kilogram of body weight every day. Insufficient calorie intake will decompose protein in the body and increase the amount of nitrogen-containing waste, which will not only cause malnutrition but also increase the burden of kidney washing. If the calorie intake in the third meal is not enough, you can supplement some nutrients suitable for dialysis patients as snacks.
Choose high-quality protein
It is very important to get enough high-quality protein. Protein can be used to build repair tissue, increase resistance and avoid infection. Good sources of protein, such as tofu, dried tofu, fish and lean meat. You can eat about three servings a day; In addition, please avoid gluten products and limit white rice. As it is not a high-quality protein source in protein, please discuss the appropriate share with your nutritionist.
Controlling sodium ion
Excessive salt content will lead to increased blood pressure, increased thirst and edema. It is suggested to choose fresh food and reduce the use of seasonings, such as sand tea sauce, curry, monosodium glutamate, black vinegar and tomato sauce. In addition, low sodium salt is prohibited (because sodium is replaced by potassium), and curing, processing and smoking of meat are reduced.
Controlling phosphorus ions
Excessive phosphorus leads to the loss of calcium ions in the blood, which is easy to cause bone lesions, itchy skin and hyperthyroidism. Avoid high-phosphorus foods, such as milk, egg yolk, viscera, nuts, nutritious sugar, yeast powder, yogurt, cheese and so on. In addition, red meat is also rich in phosphorus. It is recommended to eat no more than 2 servings of red meat every day. If necessary, please take it with phosphorus binder (calcium tablets).
Controlling potassium ion
Excessive blood potassium can cause serious arrhythmia and lead to sudden death. Therefore, foods with high potassium content should be avoided, such as chicken essence, chicken soup, thick soup, vegetable soup, coffee, tea, sports drinks, traditional Chinese medicine soup, lettuce and so on. And don't mix rice with broth. You can choose one or two fist-sized low-potassium fruits, such as pineapple, mango and apple. Every day.
Moderate drinking water
Excessive water can also lead to an increase in blood pressure, and even cause heart enlargement or pulmonary edema, resulting in difficulty breathing. If the urine volume is normal, there is no need to limit water; If the urine volume decreases, you need to limit water. The amount of water needed is 500-700 ml of the previous day's urine, so as to avoid too much soup and drinks and reduce the consumption of porridge. If you are very thirsty, you can make a day's water into small ice cubes. When you are thirsty, you can put it in your mouth. Please get into the habit of weighing yourself every day, and don't gain more than 5% of your dry weight before each dialysis.
Avoid fatty foods.
The mortality rate of dialysis patients with cardiovascular diseases exceeds 50%, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Therefore, to prevent cardiovascular diseases, please avoid excessive intake of oil, especially reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, and avoid fried and oily foods, such as sausages, pig's feet, fat meat, pizza, lard, coffee and milk balls, and various fried snacks.