-Hanshu
Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the grandson of the great-grandfather Liu Bang and the son of Emperor Wu Liu Heng. Mother Dou Shi, when he was born, his father was the acting king. It turned out that he was not the eldest son, but after his father's four sons died one after another, he became the eldest son. After his father Wendi ascended the throne, he was made a prince. By BC 157, Wendi died of illness. Liu Qi, then 32, ascended the throne. This is the famous Han Jing in history.
Pacify the captaincy and strengthen centralization.
Liu bang basically eliminated the queen with different surnames and sealed many kings with the same surnames, but these kings with the same surnames gradually became local separatist forces. They have executive power and judicial power, and their officials are appointed by themselves, which is basically an independent kingdom. By the time of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Wang with the same surname was constantly rebelling, which directly threatened the central government. Liu bang's original desire to let these kings with the same surname protect the central region also failed. Ministers such as Jia Yi and Chao Cuo. It is strongly advocated that these kings with the same surname be removed to avoid future troubles. However, Wendi did not take measures and left this task to his son Han Jingdi. Jingdi took Chao Cuo's advice and set out to cut off the fief of the king with the same surname.
After Han Jing acceded to the throne, he first promoted Chao Cuo as a civil servant, and then promoted him as an ancient bachelor, ranking one of the three fairs, and was an important official at that time. After analysis, Chao Cuo told Jingdi to pay special attention to Liu Bi, the most powerful prince of Wu. Liu Bi is Liu Bang's nephew. Liu Bangli made him king of Wu, and soon regretted it, but it was not easy to take it back immediately after it was sealed. When Liu Bi arrived in the State of Wu, he began to prepare for the future seizure of the throne. My son went to Beijing and grabbed the road with Jingdi, who was then a prince. As a result, he was accidentally injured by Jingdi's car, and finally he was seriously injured and died, which made Liu Ying hold a grudge all the time. After Jingdi officially acceded to the throne, Liu Bi has been secretly preparing for forty years. He makes money privately, cooking salt and selling it. In order to accumulate strength, he also recruited fugitives, and his rebellious heart became more and more obvious. Therefore, Chao Cuo urged Jingdi to cut off the fiefs of kings, which was called "cutting princes" in history.
Jingdi listened to Chao Cuo's suggestion and decided to cut off Huiji and two counties of Wu first. Seeing that the imperial court began to fight, Liu Bi was unwilling to give in easily, United with local c's, and rebelled in the name of killing Chao Cuo and stabilizing the country. There were seven C's in this rebellion, which was called "Seven-Country Rebellion" in history.
Yuan Ang, another minister who bears a grudge against Chao Cuo, took the opportunity to persuade Jingdi to kill Chao Cuo, so as to protect national security and quell the rebellion. Jingdi finally sacrificed Chao Cuo, and then sent troops to counter the rebellion. However, his letter to Liu Bi, the king of Wu, had no effect. Jingdi regretted killing Chao Cuo right or wrong, and quickly sent Zhou Yafu to counter the rebellion. It took Zhou Yafu only three months to completely put down the rebellion and finally defeated it.
After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was pacified, Emperor Jingdi took the opportunity to recover the rights of the kingdom from the central authorities and abolished a large number of officials in the kingdom. After that, the princes of the kingdom became aristocrats who only enjoyed local taxes and no longer had administrative power and judicial privileges. After the Great Chaos and the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, the problem of warlord separatism was completely solved.
Continue the rest policy.
Jingdi inherited his father Wendi's policy of rest and recuperation, and the national strength of the Han Dynasty continued to increase.
In order to let the people have land to grow and improve the lives of farmers, Emperor Jingdi allocated population and land in time. He changed the policy that people were not allowed to move at that time, and allowed people to move from areas with less land to areas with more land, which could not only develop land resources, but also increase national tax revenue. In order to improve farmers' enthusiasm for production, Emperor Jingdi also ordered that the land rent be halved, that is, the fifteen tax was reduced to thirty tax. In order to fundamentally reduce the burden on farmers, Beijing is also very economical. When he was in office, he seldom built palaces and castles.
Another measure to benefit the people is to reduce punishment. During the reign of Emperor Wendi, the corporal punishment reform began, and the five punishments of ancient slavery were changed into five punishments of feudal system (slap, stick, exile, death penalty). Emperor Wen changed corporal punishment to flogging, but he was beaten many times. For example, the whip should be changed to 300 and the left foot should be changed to 500. Originally, this was to abolish corporal punishment, but too many times, people were often killed, which was not in line with the original intention of loving the people. So Jingdi gradually reduced the number of times, and at the same time stipulated the length and width of the instruments of torture, and the bamboo joints should also be flattened, and no substitutions were allowed in the middle. Jingdi often instructed officials to be tolerant and not to misjudge at will.
Regarding thoughts, Emperor Jingdi no longer strictly forbids the development of other schools. At that time, the Huang-Lao school, which was popular in the imperial court in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty and named after Huangdi and Laozi, advocated doing nothing and abolishing thin fu. While advocating Huang Lao, Emperor Jing allowed other schools, including Confucianism, to exist and develop, which provided a prerequisite for the later development of Dong Zhongshu's theory and its adoption by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
In addition to the achievements in internal affairs, in diplomacy, Emperor Jingdi mainly continued the pro-Xiongnu policy and appeased the Xiongnu. For the harassment of Xiongnu, Jingdi did not make a big counterattack, but put the overall situation first and actively defended. At the same time, Guan's establishment in the border area of Xiongnu and his trade with Xiongnu eliminated the harassment of Xiongnu to some extent.
Jingdi's policy of stabilizing the country and developing the economy made the economy of the Han Dynasty increasingly prosperous. Compared with the Qin dynasty, Guotai Min 'an showed the outstanding achievements of Wendi and Jingdi, so people later called it "the rule of Wenjing".
An upright and wise emperor
Jingdi is famous for being good at employing people. In order to govern many imperial relatives and bureaucrats in Beijing, Emperor Jingdi appointed Ning, who was strict in law enforcement, as a lieutenant. As a result, Ningcheng shocked the unscrupulous dignitaries soon after taking office. Cheng, who dared to give advice, was ignorant, so Jingdi asked him to be a Chinese medicine practitioner and be responsible for commenting on state affairs.
For the appointment of consorts, Jingdi can also distinguish right from wrong and use it properly. Dou Ying used to be a spouse. During the Seven-Country Rebellion, Dou Ying was appointed as a general, and with the help of counterinsurgency, Dou Ying successfully completed the task. Dou Taihou asked Jingdi to appoint Dou Ying as Prime Minister several times, but Jingdi felt that Dou Ying was not very stable, and finally let a more suitable Wei Wan become Prime Minister.
Jingdi is generous and kind, and does not remember old enemies. When Jingdi was a prince, Zhang Shizhi stopped his car from entering the palace gate because he didn't get off when he entered the palace gate. However, Jingdi did not avenge himself immediately after he acceded to the throne, and let Zhang Shizhi be Tingwei.
Jingdi's kindness is also reflected in his attitude towards his brothers and sisters in the palace. The love that should be concerned and the punishment that should be punished are all done fairly.
In BC 14 1 year, Jingdi died in Weiyang Palace at the age of 48. He became emperor for 16 years, leaving a powerful country to his son Liu Che, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Jingdi posthumous title is called "filial piety Emperor", so it is called Jingdi in history. Jingdi was buried in Yangling, located in the southwest of Gaoling, Shaanxi Province.