Mulberry branches contain nutrients such as carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts and vitamins needed for the growth of tremella fuciformis, which is an ideal culture material for cultivating tremella fuciformis. Using mulberry branches to cultivate tremella takes about 35 days from inoculation to acquisition, and 7 kilograms of tremella can be produced per 50 kilograms of dry mulberry branches, which not only solves the problem of waste disposal in agriculture and animal husbandry, but also increases the whole industrial chain of sericulture, providing an effective way for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. Mulberry skin can also be used as organic fertilizer to return to the field, forming a circular sericulture model of "mulberry leaves to raise silkworms, mulberry branches to raise bacteria, and mushroom bran to raise silkworms".
First, the culture time tremella is a kind of bacteria with strong drought resistance and low temperature resistance under normal pressure. The environmental temperature for fungus growth is 6 ~ 32℃, and the suitable environmental temperature is 22 ~ 26℃. Autumn and spring should be the suitable cultivation seasons for indoor cultivation of tremella, and some effective measures should be taken to prevent the harm of adverse temperature factors such as cold wave in spring and continuous high temperature in autumn.
Second, the preparation method of the culture medium The ingredients of the culture medium are composed of the following raw materials: 200kg of mulberry twig sawdust (the particle size of mulberry twig sawdust is 0.8mm), cottonseed hull 1000kg, wheat bran 180kg, soybean flour 15kg, gypsum 18kg and magnesium sulfate 0.4kg. The water content of the culture medium is 60% ~ 65%.
3. Mixing materials in the culture step (1), melting magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with part of water to obtain magnesium sulfate solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution; Adding magnesium sulfate solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution into mulberry twig sawdust of the above secret recipe, and stirring to obtain pre-wetted mulberry twig sawdust; Pre-wetting cottonseed hull with residual water alone for 65438±0.2h to obtain pre-wetted cottonseed hull; Wheat bran, soybean powder and gypsum are mixed with pre-wetted mulberry sawdust and pre-wetted cottonseed hull, and stirred evenly to obtain the culture medium ingredients for bagging.
(2) Bagging material bags are made of polyethylene plastic bags with specifications of 55cm× 13cm×0.05cm, and each bagged culture medium is1.3kg. After bagging, three inoculation holes are evenly punched on one side of the cultivation bag, with the depth of 1cm, and the deep layers should be consistent, and should not be too deep or too shallow. After punching, stick a special breathable adhesive tape for edible fungi and seal the hole tightly. Bagging time should not exceed 4 hours, and then disinfection and sterilization.
(3) After filling the sterilized materials, use a sterilization pot (the working pressure in the design scheme is 0.22mPa, and the ambient temperature in the design scheme is 140℃). After the first deflation, the ambient temperature is 0. 14 ~ 0. 17 MPa, and the temperature is kept for 3 ~ 4 hours. Immediately after the end, the temperature is reduced to 60℃, and the bacteria bag is delivered within 60 minutes when it is hot.
(4) Inoculation holes are 65438 0.5 mm more concave than the adhesive tape, and each hole is inoculated with 65438 0.5 g of bacteria. Inoculators will stack the inoculated bacterial bags in a "well" shape, with four bags on each layer, criss-crossing, so that the bacterial bags do not need to be pressed against the hole, which is convenient for observing and checking the growth of bacteria. After the inoculation, the inoculation personnel should immediately clean up the residue left in the bacteria room and keep the bacteria room clean.
(5) The main standards necessary for the management of auricularia auricula plastic surgery are: dark plastic surgery, clean and dry natural environment, suitable ambient temperature and frequent ventilation. Fungi usually germinate 24 hours after inoculation. The ambient temperature of the molding room should be adjusted to 22 ~ 26℃, and the temperature should be controlled below 26℃ and the relative humidity should be 60% 3 days after inoculation. Workers should be prevented from entering and leaving without ventilation as much as possible. After 3 days, the temperature was controlled at 22℃ and natural ventilation was performed 3 times a day for 30 minutes each time. On the eighth day, remove the fruit bagging, tear off the film, then cover the newspaper with water to moisturize and replenish water.
Stop watering for a few days after the fruiting body grows. Too much water is not conducive to the growth of fruiting bodies and will produce yellow water. When the fruiting body is long enough to cover all bacteria and seal the bag, the second round of watering is started. At this time, moisture and hypoxia will harm the opening of the membrane and it is very easy to grow into a block of deformed ears. At this time, the ambient temperature is always around 23℃ and the air humidity is 80%.
When the average pore size of fruiting body reaches 15cm and the average mass of a single fresh ear reaches 150~250g ~ 250 g, stop watering, so that the ear becomes thicker, the bag folds lighter, the ear folds, and the edge is dry and malleable, that is, the tremella can be harvested and matured.
4. During harvesting and processing, the ear is directly torn off from the fungus bag, and the base of the redundant ear is cut off with a blade and dried in the sun; You can also soak it in water and break it into small pieces, and then dry it to make broken tremella flowers. Besides sun drying, tremella can also be dried in microwave vacuum. After the test, the hot air temperature is 70? At℃, the conversion moisture content is 30%, while 5? W/g？ High quality tremella can be obtained by microwave intensity.