Keywords: old buildings; Demand; Green building concept; design
1 Design requirements for old buildings
1. 1 physiological needs
(1) thermal environment requirements. The physical function of the elderly gradually declines, showing physiological characteristics such as low metabolic capacity and low immunity, which requires higher indoor thermal environment [1]. Comfortable natural ventilation environment can ensure comfortable indoor thermal environment, and the suitable indoor natural ventilation wind speed for general old buildings is 0.5 ~ 1.5m/s [2]. Air conditioning will do harm to the health of the elderly to a certain extent. Outdoor sunshade facilities can be set up to ensure indoor ventilation, strictly control the use time of indoor air conditioners, and try to avoid using air conditioners.
(2) light environment requirements. The demand of the elderly for light environment mainly includes natural light and lighting. Natural light, mainly sunlight and indoor lighting, can enhance the physical function of the elderly. The design of the old-age building must be strictly controlled in the sunshine spacing and illumination coefficient of the living space, so as to ensure sufficient natural lighting in the bedroom for the elderly, and at the same time pay attention to the outdoor sunshade design to ensure the indoor thermal environment is comfortable. In terms of lighting, it is mainly the demand for indoor lighting in old buildings. Old people's eyesight is declining and they can't adapt to the strong light environment. Indoor lighting design should avoid glare and protect the eyesight of the elderly on the basis of ensuring sufficient light sources.
(3) Barrier-free design. Because the elderly are old, most of them have the problems of inflexible legs and feet and inconvenient movement, so there is a high demand for barrier-free design, especially the barrier-free design of indoor and outdoor transition spaces. When designing old-age buildings, we should ensure the good connection between indoor space and outdoor space and provide convenience for the elderly to go out. Only in this way can the old people often go out to absorb natural light. This shows the importance of barrier-free design in the design of old-age buildings.
(4) Acoustic environment requirements. Old people are nervous, sensitive to sound, prone to insomnia, and their sleep quality is easily disturbed by the outside world, so they need a quiet and comfortable sleeping environment. When choosing the location of the old-age building, try to choose a quiet location. If a nursing home is built in a bustling city, it is necessary to strengthen the sound insulation design of the building, such as using green belts to reduce noise pollution, designing sound insulation facilities, and noise reduction treatment of toilet sewers [3].
1.2 psychological needs
The psychological needs of the elderly mainly include safety, comfort and social interaction. The demand for safety and comfort is mainly reflected in the requirements of the elderly for the safety and comfort of their own lives and daily activities. The design of the old-age building should pay attention to the safety of all details of the building and eliminate all potential safety hazards. The speed of modern life has become faster, the pressure of young people's life has increased, the pace of life has accelerated, and the concern for the elderly has decreased, while the elderly are usually very eager for family ties. In this case, the psychological needs of the elderly for social interaction will increase. In the design process of old-age buildings, it is necessary to arrange enough indoor and outdoor communication space for the elderly to promote communication, interaction and companionship among the elderly.
2. The design strategy of old-age buildings under the concept of green buildings.
2. 1 outdoor space design
First of all, the old-age building should choose a quiet plot with flat terrain, far away from the main traffic lines, and at the same time, it should be equipped with relatively perfect medical, transportation, entertainment and other infrastructure around the site to meet the needs of the elderly for travel and medical treatment on the premise of ensuring their safe and comfortable living. Secondly, the design of old-age buildings should implement strict separation of people and vehicles, speed limit and buffer design of motor vehicles, barrier-free design of sidewalks and so on. To ensure the safety of the elderly activity space. Finally, the design of old-age buildings should create high-quality and multi-category leisure and entertainment spaces for the elderly, and promote indoor and outdoor exchanges for the elderly, such as optimizing environmental quality through different types of green vegetation; Design different spatial levels and structures to enhance the communication space of the elderly.
2.2 Water saving and water resources utilization
The elderly are inconvenient to move, so pay attention to safety when using water. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly design the water system pressure zoning of old buildings and take corresponding measures to control the overpressure outflow. Choosing a simple water saver can not only reduce the water consumption of the building, but also improve the comfort and safety of the old-age building. The shower with constant temperature control should be used in the bathroom for the elderly to avoid the loss of cold water when the elderly take a bath and cause harm to the elderly. In addition, scientifically setting up rainwater collection and storage facilities and applying them to courtyard washing and greening irrigation can provide new choices for the daily activities of the elderly and save water on the other hand.
2.3 indoor environmental quality improvement design
Physical conditions such as sound, light and heat in buildings have a direct impact on the health of the elderly. The design of old buildings should create good natural lighting and ventilation conditions through reasonable planning and layout. First of all, the building orientation should be north-south, and the building spacing and daily coefficient should be scientific and reasonable to ensure the sunshine duration in the building. Secondly, architectural design should take noise reduction measures as far as possible to create a quiet leisure living space for the elderly. Third, the rational application of new energy to improve the indoor environmental quality of old buildings. For example, geothermal heating is used to provide indoor heating for old buildings. Geothermal heating has the characteristics of uniform temperature distribution and decreasing room temperature from bottom to top, which can not only meet the health requirements of the elderly, but also create a comfortable and safe heating environment. Finally, buildings for the elderly should make full use of natural light and reduce the use of artificial light sources. In places where the elderly often move, local lighting facilities can be set according to the use requirements, and voice-controlled or light-controlled light sources can be used in public areas such as walkways and stairwells of old-age buildings, which not only saves energy but also meets the needs of the elderly.
3 Conclusion
With the advent of an aging society, it is necessary to improve the design level of old-age buildings and combine the green concept with the old-age design. Architects should improve the comfort, safety and practicability of buildings for the elderly according to their physical and psychological needs for living places. The design of the old-age building under the concept of green building should be based on health, safety and green, and create a comfortable and safe living environment for the elderly.
References:
Laure-anne. Analysis on the design of old-age buildings in Guanzhong area under the concept of green building [J]. Housing and Real Estate, 20 18(36):67.
[2] Zhao lei Discussion on the application of green building concept in the design of old buildings [J]. Forestry Science and Technology Information, 2018,50 (3): 61-62+65.
[3] Yongyu carp. Research on the design strategy of old-age buildings under the concept of green buildings [J]. Sichuan Building Materials, 2019,45 (4): 32-33+36.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd