This is a psychological process in which people use the representations obtained from ancient books in their minds to create a new image that is not directly perceived after processing and transformation. Imagination, with life as the source and intention as the axis, makes the mind understand Wan Li for thousands of years, which is helpful to improve reading ability and reproduce the artistic image of works; It is also helpful to improve the writing level, because any May Day writing requires imagination, and it is inseparable from imagination to examine questions and make plans. Therefore, to stimulate thinking, develop intelligence and improve writing level is inseparable from the training of creative thinking such as imagination.

Imagination can be divided into two types: recreating imagination and creating imagination.

Reconstruction of imagination is a process of forming images of things that exist objectively in the mind but are not recorded in ancient books according to the description of language or the schema of patterns. 199 1 year, the 35th question of Chinese in the college entrance examination requires "taking a circular imaginary object as the description object, adding a foil to form a picture, a shot or a scene, and writing an imaginary composition of 200 words", and requires the use of recreated imaginary composition. A candidate in Guangxi wrote Sunrise in the North Sea on the theme of "Red Sun": "The sun on the horizon shyly reveals half of its face in the white fog" → "Big round face" → "Rise to the sky and shine". Imagine pigeons, and the description is focused; Then, with drizzle, waves, clouds, fishing sails and beaches as the foil, a beautiful picture of sunrise on the sea is woven, which is full of cuteness. Creative imagination is a process of creating new images independently on the basis of processing memory representations, not based on ready-made descriptions. Typical images created in literary works, scientific fantasies and students' ideals for the future all belong to creative imagination. It is different from recreating imagination. For example, the image of Ah Q created by Mr. Lu Xun is to create imagination, but after reading The True Story of Ah Q, the image of Ah Q that appears in readers' minds is to recreate imagination. 1986 Shanghai college entrance examination essay titled "Back to my alma mater in 2000" requires a reasonable imagination of the changes of my alma mater 14 years later, reflecting a correct understanding of the time span and national goals, and establishing a scientific vision and dialectical point of view. This is a creative and imaginative composition.

The purpose of designing a creative or creative imaginary composition in the college entrance examination is to test two abilities-imagination and the ability to describe pictures (or scenes). To test the existence or strength of imagination, we should first look at rationality and then at originality. The evaluation of rationality focuses on whether what the old gentleman wrote meets the prescribed conditions and whether there is paradox; Secondly, the evaluation of the content, such as whether there is a certain mood, contains some rational thinking. For 199 1 college entrance examination questions, "subject" circle "and" foil "are restrictive conditions. Whether the two can be linked depends on whether they meet objective conditions and violate common sense. What is the mood, and whether it brings any rational thinking to readers is a higher level requirement. The "Red Sun" written by one of the above-mentioned candidates in Guangxi, in which it is written that "the microwave shines on the sea like a fluttering red silk surface, making people feel the infinite charm of the red sun", is also considered to have a high emotional appeal and give people a rational enlightenment. Originality, also called novelty, is often called "originality" in conception. Originality should be considered together with rationality. An extremely absurd or contrary idea, even if it is published for the first time, cannot be called original.

There are many ways to cultivate imagination, such as continuing the unfinished story, changing the protagonist of the work, rewriting the extended story (such as 1979 college entrance examination topic), providing an abstract character and putting it in a certain situation (such as "If I were ……" after implementation), or rooting in reality, expressing the desire of life and pointing to the future creative imagination (such as the essay "Exploring Outer Space" organized by the United Nations). In fact, it is also an important way to cultivate imagination to pay attention to the inducers in textbooks and make appropriate instructions to combine reading and writing closely.

Second, Lenovo

This is a psychological process from one thing to another, or from the idea of A to the idea of B. It is very important to cultivate students' associative ability in writing. Associative power can first help solve the material problem of composition, because it can enrich materials by linking one thing with another. From progressive association to backward association, we can deepen our thinking; From surface association to internal essence, we can deepen the concept; By linking the visible with the invisible, we can broaden our thinking. The biggest confusion of students' composition is that they have nothing to say and don't know what to write. In fact, they are just not good at using their existing life accumulation. Ye Shengtao once said, "When training students to write, we should pay attention to pouring out their accumulation". Make use of students' accumulation and rely on association. The migration, diffusion and extension of various associations are often the effective ways and main ways to avoid boring and aging materials, not digging deep, not new ideas. In other words, association also helps students to refine and deepen the theme, and helps students to use ideas and expression skills such as giving examples to express their aspirations, analogical argumentation and analogical argumentation, and lyricism by borrowing scenery. The improvement of middle school students' writing ability depends largely on the improvement of associative ability.

Because there are various connections between things, there are different ways and types of association. Common ones are as follows:

(1) Similar associations. Refers to the nature and relationship between similar things. For example, Han, a young worker, used his spare time of "sleeping less, playing less and chatting less" to study technology and eventually became an expert in technological innovation. He thought that Dong Yu, who was doing business with his brother during the Three Kingdoms period, used his spare time of "sleeping less, playing less and chatting less" to study and eventually became a scholar; It is believed that Ouyang Xiu used the time of "immediately", "seriously" and "going to the toilet" to create artistic conception and eventually became the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty.

These are similar and homogeneous associations that cherish time like gold and yellow. The general thinking mode of this association is the exchange of concrete and abstract from this to that, from far to near, from ancient times to today or from now to ancient times.

(2) Similar associations. Refers to the association of two different things because they are similar at a certain point. Similar but different quality is its characteristic. After listening to an expert's report, Liang realized the way of keeping in good health. This "keeping in good health" has nothing to do with "eliminating cattle", but Liang understands that this is a similar association. For many years, this association has been used in the conception and establishment of college entrance examination composition questions. For example, "it is easier to plant trees than to destroy communication", so it should be compared with "it is easier to destroy talents than to start a business". "Trees, forests and climate" is a process of quantitative change. The big forest leads to climate change, and the relationship between conditions and results is a process in which quantitative change leads to qualitative change. If we don't think philosophically from the outside to the inside and from the top to the bottom, it's not easy to go deep into it, make the more abstract and profound truth clear, concrete and vivid, and make the article interesting and convincing. Sometimes, starting from one information source, I expand associations from multiple angles, channels and levels one by one, thus obtaining a lot of information and multiple thinking routes, expanding divergent thinking and radiating thinking in all directions. For example, 1990 national college entrance examination composition asks candidates to discuss the first little girl's statement, "There are thorns under every flower here, and this is not a good place." From the metaphorical, extended and symbolic significance of the relationship between "flower" and "thorn", we can and should associate it with light and darkness, mainstream and tributary, success and difficulty, joy and pain in real life, which provides conditions for choosing the best angle.

(3) Reverse association. The association caused by the opposite characteristics of things and beards is also called contrast association. This kind of reverse association between related sexual affairs can be one positive and one negative, which is in sharp contrast and can be clearly seen from the past; You can also be one and the other, in the opposite direction, and you are not awake. For example, Guangdong college entrance examination composition "After the implementation of borrowing rules" (1987) will definitely be associated with the chaos before the formulation of borrowing rules. Or from the immediate chaos, imagine the scene before the implementation of the loan rules. Similarly, when discussing the topic that "stability and unity are the foundation of a strong country", if we reflect that China has been in the turmoil of civil strife and foreign invasion for nearly a hundred years, the losses caused by the mistakes of 1958' s Great Leap Forward and the ten-year catastrophe are as high as 620 billion yuan, which is almost equivalent to the sum of all infrastructure investments in the 30 years after the founding of New China, which has caused difficulties in the modernization of New China. If we can recall the stability of Sweden in 170, there will be prosperity today; The United States has escaped the wars of two world wars and has today's prosperity; Today, Japan has become the world's number one economic power, and West Germany has also become a strong and unified Germany, all because they devoted themselves to economic construction in the 40 years after the war. This kind of positive and negative Chinese and foreign history has formed a sharp contrast, which makes the argument more thorough.

(4) Chain association. Associating an idea from known information, and then associating it from one place to another, the flow of ideas develops in depth step by step, which is chain association. Another example is 1900' s college entrance examination composition. From the analysis of language factors such as "rose garden", "prickly hand" and "bad place", we will not find that little girls unilaterally think that "rose garden is a bad place" because of stabbing their hands. From the little girl's one-sided understanding of things to how we should know the world, so as to sublimate the topic to the height of establishing a correct world outlook and epistemology;

From this, we realize that in China's socialist reform (Rose Garden), achievements (flowers) are the dominant aspect and mistakes (thorns) are the secondary aspect. From the perspective of the first little girl, I associate some people's one-sided views on reform, thus affirming achievements, affirming the mainstream and criticizing one-sided thoughts; If we think about the changes in the international situation, we should analyze China's socialist system from a development perspective, treat China's national conditions and reform policies objectively and in good faith, and then fully affirm Socialism with Chinese characteristics's road. This is a chain association, which forms a thinking route from "finding elements", trying to figure out the meaning of the topic → excavating the meaning, refining the argument → connecting with reality and choosing the angle ",making the article" timely "and with a strong sense of the times.

(5) deformation association. Starting from the original information point, adding some related information materials is another psychological process to induce thinking and expand thinking. For example, 1988' s national college entrance examination essay topic "Habits" is very broad at first glance, but if the topic is transformed into "About the Formation of Habits" by using the deformed associative thinking method, an explanatory article can be written; "A story about the struggle between new habits and old habits" can be written as a narrative; "Cultivate good habits and shape a strong character", you can write an argumentative essay. If such deformation is introduced, more information materials will be added, and the connotation of the topic will be narrow, concentrated and clear, and the meaning of the topic will be easy to understand. It's like a proof of geometry. Draw some auxiliary lines in appropriate positions, and the relationship between characters will be clear. The purpose is to inspire thinking, expand thinking and get a correct idea. However, it should be noted that the deformation of thinking cannot be considered as "changing the topic".

The above are five common associations, and the most common association is similar association. The thinking process of similar association can be divided into three steps:

Determine the characteristics of specific things → summarize these characteristics abstractly → refine opinions.

To cultivate and train one's associative power in writing, one should pay attention to expanding one's accumulation of appearances, so that Lenovo has a lot of materials; Second, learn the knowledge of association, make full use of the association factors in Chinese textbooks, let yourself know the nature, types and characteristics of association, and improve your association consciousness; Third, we should design a certain number of directional training with certain associations, such as chanting things, expressing feelings, and reasoning, so as to make the practice perfect; Fourth, we should comment in time and optimize the position of Lenovo in writing training.

If you pay attention to the organic training of imagination and association in the whole writing training, you can expect a qualitative leap in your composition.