Zhangjiajie was not called Zhangjiajie earlier, but called Qingyan Mountain. At that time, there was no family named Zhang on Qingyan Mountain. Why was it later called Zhangjiajie? This matter has to start with Liang who stayed in the Han Dynasty!
According to legend, Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, killed the heroes after pacifying the world. Sean, Liu Hou, thought of a sentence that Han Xin, Hou of Huaiyin, said before he died: "Cunning to avoid death, running dogs cook;" Birds are exhausted, and good bows are hidden; When the enemy is defeated, the counselor dies. " I can't help shivering, so I want to imitate the stupidity of Yue State and hide the Jianghu. But where to go? Entering Jianghuai is Liu's hinterland; If you want to stay in the county and seal the country, you can't stay long; Qinling Mountain, Bashan Mountain and Tiger and Leopard are in groups, which are not places for health and longevity. In the northwest, the Huns harassed him ... he thought about it and went to the south to find the red pine fairy Lord! In the past, three doctors, Qu Yuan, were released, and once visited Jingzhou and Wuling, leaving many poems for Yuan and Li Mingshan: "Yuan is wise, Li Youlan, I miss my son, but I dare not speak" and "Open the Tianmen! I rode Xi Yun Xuan "... thinking that there would be a fairyland on earth and fitness would be more fun, I followed the footsteps of Akamatsu on Tianmen Mountain. Later, I climbed Qingyan Mountain. There is another world here, which is exactly what Sean is looking for. Wonderland "! Since then, he has lived in seclusion here, studied Taoism, and left behind his descendants. It is said that in order to make the scenery of Qingyan more beautiful, Sean planted seven Eucommia trees in the south of Qingyan Mountain. These seven Eucommia ulmoides trees grow tall and big, just like seven huge umbrellas, propping up halfway up the mountain.
I didn't know Zhang Liang had a hobby of drinking Eucommia ulmoides tea. Why? Because Eucommia ulmoides has the function of enriching blood and strengthening bones and muscles, it is very helpful for sedentary, backache and backache. Both men and women can drink it. If you are a female friend, you can also drink siwu soup at the end of the physiological period.
Medical research has proved that Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. It not only has traditional medical efficacy, but also has the function of two-way blood pressure regulation, which can reduce the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, prevent the blood pressure of normal people from rising, and improve the symptoms of dizziness and insomnia of hypertensive patients. Eucommia ulmoides leaves can promote immunity and relieve pain, especially for the heart, which can obviously increase coronary flow and really improve symptoms such as chest tightness. Eucommia ulmoides leaves can be used as medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has no such effect. ?
Eucommia ulmoides tea can enhance human immunity, promote sleep, reduce cholesterol content, reduce blood lipid and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Improve the vitality of brain cells, enhance memory, promote learning and improve sexual function. Eucommia ulmoides tea can reduce neutral fat, promote metabolism and calorie consumption, and make you lose weight easily. In addition, Eucommia ulmoides tea can relieve constipation. Eucommia ulmoides tea is rich in vitamins. In ancient China, it was regarded as a famous tea product.
One day many years later, a court official named Zhang Wanchong, wearing an official robe and jacket, took a sedan chair and took his wife and children to visit Qingyan Mountain. When he saw these seven Eucommia trees, standing there like giants, with ulterior motives, he wanted to divide this magical land of Qingyanshan into his own with these seven trees as the boundary. So he invited a sculptor and asked him to carve a big word on each tree. It took the sculptor 49 days to carve it into seven characters: "Order Zhang Wan to cross the border". After the word was engraved, Zhang Wanchong looked at the skull again. While watching, he laughed: "Hey, hey, great, forever, it's mine!" " At present, he put up a notice with the gate board, stipulating that seven Eucommia trees are the boundary, Fiona Fang Wuli, from the collapse of gongs and drums to Huangshizhai Village, from the view of the sky to the collapse of horses, all traffic is prohibited, and offenders will be beheaded. Moreover, the Zhang family in the cottage will be driven away, and Zhang Wanchong will thrive in this fairy mountain! His ban forced people around him to detour to collect firewood and graze, and Zhang was displaced with his children.
One day, hunter Zhang Jinshan hit a tiger and passed by seven Eucommia trees. He saw yellow water flowing on every tree, like a tearful man. Zhang was surprised at first. He doesn't know why Du Zhongshu shed tears. Later, when he saw the seven characters "Zhang Wanchong bound", he suddenly realized that he flew into a rage and suddenly pulled out his hunting knife. Chen Wenjing changed the word "Wan Chong" to "Jia Xiong" several times. "Chen Wenjing" come again a few times, and chop the signboard into pieces!
Zhang's move was serious, and people outside Zhai Zhai Zhai cheered in unison. Only Zhang Wanchong was flustered and furious. He transferred 300 Qin Bing and surrounded the Qingyan mountain area. He arrested people everywhere, searched the mountains from all directions, but failed to catch Zhang, so he took it out on the villagers. He drove the villagers under the Eucommia ulmoides tree and vowed to dye them red with the seven Chinese characters of everyone's blood. At the time of crisis, I saw a flash of light on the tree, clouds around the tree mouth and branches hissing. Seven barrels of yellow water were suddenly ejected from the trunk and directed at Zhang Wanchong's men! In an instant, the wild waves were surging and overwhelming, and Zhang Wanchong poured into Jin Bianxi with three hundred military forces! Seeing this, the villagers were scared to bow down to the Eucommia ulmoides tree and pray for God's blessing. At this moment, I heard someone on the cloud say, "Listen, folks, this is a fairyland on earth. How can you allow Zhang Can Wanchong, the black sheep, to run amok?"! My God has ordered Ginkgo faerie to bury him at the bottom of the sea. This place belongs to the Zhang family now, and it will exist forever! " After that, he aimed the dust at seven Eucommia trees and saw the seven golden characters "Zhangjiajie, a fairyland on earth" immediately appeared on the seven Eucommia trees. When they looked up, they saw that the immortal looked like a scholar, with a high bun on his head, dressed in linen, a childish crane face and a sage-like style. Several learned elders in the crowd were stunned when they saw it. "Isn't that the old man who swam through Tianmen Mountain and Qingyan Mountain with the big fairy of red pine nuts?" Hearing this, the crowd quickly bowed down and prayed. The immortal waved his sleeves, smiled and hid in the vast sea of clouds, drifting away in the direction of Huangshizhai.
Ever since the immortal Sean gave this name, people have called Qingyan Mountain "Zhangjiajie".
2 Zhangjiakou
Zhangjiakou, formerly known as Bird, was once called Karagan (Mongolian). It is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, bordering Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north, Baoding City in the south, Beijing City in the east, Chengde City in the northeast and Shaanxi Province in the west. It is one of the important cities in beijing-baotou railway, and it is also the destination of Beijing-Zhangjia-expressway. There is also Danla expressway in the territory, which is the transportation hub between Hebei and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and an important channel and cargo distribution center connecting northwest China, Mongolia and Beijing. The Great Wall has a pass here, and the famous Dajingmen is the main pass of the Great Wall. Zhangjiakou is a city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, which originally governed four districts (Qiaodong, Qiaoxi, Xuanhua and Xiahuayuan) and three counties (Wanquan, Huai 'an, Xuanhua, Yangyuan, Yuxian, Zhuolu, Kangbao, Guyuan, Zhangbei, Chongli, Chicheng, Shangyi and Huailai). Now it is six districts and thirteen counties.
Zhangjiakou has a long history of human culture, and the site of Wang Jiayao in Xuanhua County can be traced back to primitive society. The famous "Battle of Zhuolu" and "Battle of Hanquan" in history took place in the Zhuolu and Huailai areas of Zhangjiakou.
Huangdi tribe originated in northern Shaanxi, then moved eastward, went south along Beiluoshui to Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, along Zhongtiao Mountain and Taihang Mountain, and finally settled near Zhuolu.
The birthplace of Yan Di tribe is about the upper reaches of Weihe River in Shaanxi today. Its eastward route is along the Weihe River to the east, along the south bank of the Yellow River to the east, reaching the present Shandong area.
Chiyou tribe, also known as Jiuli nationality in history books, is a Yi tribe that originally lived in the east of China. His activities range from southern Shandong in the north, eastern Henan in the west, southern Henan in the southwest, central Anhui in the south and the seashore in the east.
As the Yan Di tribe moved eastward, it clashed with the Chiyou tribe who used to live in Lu Yu. After a long struggle, Yan Di tribe was defeated and fled to Zhuolu to take refuge in Huangdi tribe. Two tribes joined forces with Chiyou tribe to fight in Zhuolu. As a result, Chiyou was defeated and fled to Jizhou, where he was killed. This is the famous "Battle of Zhuolu" in history books.
Soon, because the Yan Di tribe wanted to be the king, the Yanhuang tribe clashed again and went to war in Hanquan (now Huailai area). As a result, Emperor Yan was defeated. This is the famous "Battle of Hanquan" in history.
After the war, the Yan Di tribe surrendered to the Huangdi tribe, while the Chiyou tribe stayed in the north and further merged. Later, it developed southward and settled in the Yellow River Basin. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, residents in the Central Plains have called themselves "Huaxia people" and "descendants of China".
The name of Zhangjiakou began in Ming dynasty, but there is no exact theory about the origin of Zhangjiakou city. There are mainly the following statements:
(1) Immigrants Tunbian said: "The name of Zhangjiakou began in the Ming Dynasty. Due to years of war, the population of Hebei has dropped sharply. After Judy moved to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, Yu Yongle (1404) planned to emigrate from densely populated counties in Shanxi to Zhangjiakou and Xuanhua, and the government built earthen castles to resettle new immigrants. "
(2) The Capital Moved North said: "Zhangjiakou Bunker was built in the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (AD 1429) and is the birthplace of Zhangjiakou City. According to Yang Runping, after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, especially after moving the capital to Beijing, the Yanghe and Sanggan river basins became the shields of the capital. After selection, Fu Xuan Town in Xuanhua decided to build a fortress castle on Qingshui River. At that time, within the jurisdiction of Fu Xuan Town, there were 68 castles equal to or larger than Zhangjiakou Castle. Who would have thought that this small castle would develop into a metropolis Zhangjiakou in the future? "
(3) "Xiaobeimen" said: "When we enter Wucheng Street and walk to Zhangjiakou Bunker, we can see Zhangjiabao and Xiaobeimen veritable" Zhangjiakou "(Zhang Wenyong built it with his mouth, hence the name) built by Zhang Wen, the commander-in-chief of Xuande in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1429);
(4) Erjianbao said: "Zhangjiakou Bunker was built in the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (AD 1429), and was built by Zhang Wen, the garrison commander ... The west and north gates were not large, but were later blocked because of fighting against foreign enemies. In the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1529), Zhang zhen, a garrison, opened the small north gate for military needs. The North Gate was originally built by Zhang Wen and opened by Zhang zhen. The builders are all surnamed Zhang, and the north gate is very small, shaped like a mouth. So the word "Zhangjiabao" on the lintel was changed to "Zhangjiakou", which is the origin of Zhangjiakou's name.
Throughout the development of Zhangjiakou, the specific pattern of urban development in the historical period has always been formed around the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty: Mongolian soldiers guarded the Great Wall, built frontier fortress, built frontier fortress at the gateway, opened up "mutual market", promoted garrison fortress and developed into shopping malls.
The Great Wall was built to resist the invasion of Mongols, and the fortress was built to defend it. Fortress is an important part of the complete Great Wall defense system of the Great Wall, beacon towers, gates and castles. Due to the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the people's livelihood in this area was depressed, the population dropped sharply and the land was barren. After Judy moved to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, he and Yongle (1404) moved to Zhangjiakou, Xuanhua and other places from densely populated counties in Shanxi in a planned way in order to enrich the population of Gyeonggi, consolidate the border defense and increase the number of soldiers. The government built earthen castles to resettle the newly moved people. In order to prevent the harassment of nomadic tribes in the north, beacon towers were built everywhere, and each station was guarded by troops. Soldiers and their sons come down in one continuous line, and they can live and farm with their families for a long time. The resulting villages are named after Bao and Tai. Brick cities are built in all towns and counties, and generals, garrison officers, commanders, guerrillas and other military attaché s are stationed separately. Due to the dangerous terrain of Dajingmen, in the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1429), Zhang Wen was responsible for building Zhangjiakou Fort in Wuli, south of Kounan, sheltering heavy troops and guarding the frontier fortress, which was called "Wucheng", which is the origin of the name of Wucheng Street today. "Wanquan County Records Zhangjiakou Records" records: "Zhangjiakou originally belonged to Wanquan Youwei in Ming Dynasty, and was built as a fort city in the fourth year of Xuande (1429), which was an important trade center with Mongolia." According to legend, because there are East Taiping Mountain and West Taiping Mountain in North Wuli, the two mountains are separated by a hundred steps and face each other like a door; Because Fort City was built by Commander Zhang Wen, it was named Zhangjiakou Fort and later renamed Zhangjiakou. In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), a door was opened on the side wall of Dajingmen, which was called "Dajingmen".
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhangjiakou was prosperous in commerce and trade. 155 1 year, a "horse market" was opened outside Dajingmen, and the horses and skins of Mongolian Tatars were covered by officials. 1570, Tatar leader Anda surrendered and was blocked, and Zhangjiakou was turned into a "mutual market place" between Mongolia and China. 16 13 years, laiyuan fort was built on the edge of Zhangjiakou fort. Based on Zhangjiakou Fort and Laiyuan Fort, Zhangjiakou has gradually developed into the center of trade exchange between Mongolian and Chinese nationalities. At that time, there were rows of pavements, merchants gathered, and "thousands of households" came from afar outside the fort, and the national commercial trade was very prosperous. 1676, the Qing army defeated Gerdan, opened the commercial road to Mobei, and established Dajingmen as a trade place between Mongolia and the headquarters. Up to 1906, there are 1037 stores. Businessmen from Beiping, Tianjin and Shanxi all come to Zhangjiakou to do business. 1860, Russian businessmen began to appear in Zhangjiakou. 1884, merchants from Britain, the United States, France and other countries went to Zhangjiakou to buy fur and wool, and Zhangjiakou gradually became a land commercial port, "instilled by department stores, the home of business travel", with an annual import and export of silver as high as1500,000. The fur in Zhangjiakou is becoming more and more influential at home and abroad. "All furs are imported into the sea, and the Sifang leather market is priced and then traded", making it a famous "leather capital" at home and abroad. "Mouth mutton" and "mouth skin" enjoy a high reputation in the international market because of their beautiful products.
The opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and the establishment of Zhangjiakou Railway Station are the starting point of Zhangjiakou's modern economic development, which has had a great impact on its urban development. 1905 In May, the Qing government approved the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer and organizer. 190665438+1On October 6th, the track laying of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway started from Fengtai, and Zhan Tianyou nailed the first spike on the track. In May, Badaling Tunnel, a key project of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway 1980 long 109 1 m, was completed. In July, 1909 completed the track laying from Beijing to Zhang Quanlu. On September 20th, Zhangjiakou Station held a tea party to celebrate the official opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, and hosted officials and businessmen from all walks of life. On 24th, Beijing-Zhangjia Railway was opened to traffic, with a total length of 20 1. 1km. In the same year, the railway from Zhangjiakou to Guisui (now Hohhot) was built from Zhangjiakou to the west, that is, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. The opening of the Jing-Zhang and Jing-Sui railways has greatly promoted the development of industry and commerce in Zhangjiakou.
1932 17 In September, the Kuomintang government changed Jehol, Chahar and Suiyuan into provinces, and Zhangjiakou became the Chahar Provincial Council. 1037 On August 27th, the Japanese army occupied Zhangjiakou, and then the pseudo "Chanan Autonomous Government" was established. At the beginning of 1939, Zhangjiakou special city was built, the pseudo-city office was established, and Zhangjiakou began to set up a city. In September of the same year, the pseudo "Mongolian-New Zealand Joint Autonomous Government" was established, with Zhangjiakou as its capital.
1On August 23, 945, Zhangjiakou was liberated for the first time, and then the Zhangjiakou Municipal People's Government was established, belonging to the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. The headquarters of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region and the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Committee are both located in Zhangjiakou. In the same year, 1 1 was changed to Chahar province, with Zhangjiakou as the capital. 1946, 10 in June, our army shifted strategically and withdrew from Zhangjiakou. 1948 65438+On February 24th, China People's Liberation Army liberated Zhangjiakou for the second time and rebuilt the Municipal People's Government. 1949 65438+ 10/0/5. The people's government of Chahar Province was established, with Zhangjiakou as its capital. 1952165438+17 October, the organizational system of Chahar Province was abolished, and Zhangjiakou City was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province.
3 Zhangjiagang
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was a ravine between Xiangshan Mountain and Zhenshan Mountain, which flowed all the year round. In the event of heavy rain, the mountain torrents rushed to the Dongjiang Bay sandy land where the chute was located, forming a canal. This canal later became the famous "Zhangjiagang" at home and abroad.
According to the "Reconstruction of Zhang's Genealogy (Xiaoyoutang)" collected by Zhang of the sixth group in the village of Nansha Town, the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573) started from the ancestral temple in Jingjiang at the northern foot of Xiangshan Mountain, which was the beginning of Zhang's branch of Xiangshan Mountain. Nan spent money to buy coupons here, developed a pond, and formed a village, Zhangjiadai, next to the flow channel.
Because the developed polder fields were often flooded by flash floods, in the 24th year of Wanli (1596), the Zhang family got together to discuss, and later generations joined forces to widen the channel into a river. The new river is 3 feet wide, with a bottom width of 1 foot and a length of more than 300 meters, which avoids the suffering of waterlogging, but there is no river name. In the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), Zhang owned three wooden boats to transport grain and rice between Yangzhou and Gaoyou. A few years later, he made huge profits. In order to make the wooden boat park in front of our house, we raised funds to widen the river, and expanded it into an inverted pool of 1 at the end of the river next to the house to turn the wooden boat around. At this time, the river is 7 feet wide and the bottom is 3 feet wide. Heavy wooden boats can come and go freely and become a big river, but there is still no river name.
In the second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1663), Jiangyin county government planned to build a highway between Chengjiangmen and Wu Shan. When it was measured and measured, it was found that the river was nameless, so Dongwuyi Town in Da Qiao was asked to give a name. Wu Yizhi knew that this river was opened by Zhang's ancestors, and later it was widened by Zhang's descendants, so he named it "Zhangjiagang" and reported it to Jiangyin County Government for identification and filing. In the winter of the third year of Kangxi (1664), Jiangyin County officially approved the name of this river as Zhangjiagang.
1958, the people's government organized 60,000 migrant workers and 1000 PLA officers and men to explore zhangjiagang, with a total length of 38.11km; 1968 extended again, and Zhangjiagang became a six-level inland waterway. 1982, zhangjiagang port was officially opened to the outside world. 1986, Shazhou County was abolished and Zhangjiagang City was established.