Queen Chabi gave birth to four sons, the eldest son Duo Ercai, the second son Prince Jin Zhen, the third son Qin Manggela and the fourth son Namuhan, the king of Beiping.
Suddenly, Lu Heichen Hatton's fifth son suddenly took the lead;
Dobezhen Hatton gave birth to the sixth son, Hu Gechi, king of Yunnan, and the seventh son;
Xu Shenzhen Hatton's eighth son loves tooth red, and the ninth son is rather broad;
The nameless concubine gave birth to the tenth son, Lu Timur;
Bayautihadun gave birth to Wang Nan, the eleventh sub-town;
South Bihaton gave birth to his twelfth son Timmy.
12 among the princes, Laoya only died early, and the history books of Laowu Laoshitie were lost, and Laoba loved Tooth Red, which was extended to Qingdao. Only the second is real gold, the third is busy, the fourth is Namuhan, the sixth is red, the seventh is Oluchi, Laojiu is broad, and the eleventh is out of love, but only three sons have the right to inherit.
Among Kublai Khan's three sons, the oldest one who died was the old Mungra. He left two sons, Ananda and Yan Tanbuhua. Then the real prince Jin died. Zhenjin has three sons, namely Gamala, Mahamarabala and timur. Old four Namu Khan died at the latest, but he had no son. After his death, all political resources were inherited by his eldest nephew Gammara.
In Kublai Khan's later years, only four grandchildren, namely, Gamala, timur, Ananda and Qinyi, didn't spend any flowers, and one of Yuan Wu Zongyuan Renzong's fathers, Malabara, died early.
Kublai Khan didn't determine an heir before he died, but because the second child was a real prince, the political resources left by him far exceeded that of the third brother, Mangge La, so Ganma La and timur were more qualified to inherit than Ananda.
Guerra was favored by her grandfather and supported by Mobei army. However, he stayed away from the central government for a long time, and was not close enough to his old mother, Crown Prince Kokejin, and alienated from court loyalists. Therefore, he lost to his mother's brother timur, that is, Yuan Chengzong.
Therefore, although Kublai Khan did not designate an heir, with his grandson, other concubines would not have a bright future. This is a unique political form of Mongolia, which is different from the Central Plains dynasty.
That's it.
Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan had a lot of trouble in carrying on the family line. In fact, he has a formal move to pass on his position to his son, but there is no formal statement about passing on his position to his grandson. But the second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty became Kublai Khan's first grandson, timur, and came to power by strength.
Throughout the Yuan Dynasty, the succession to the throne was always unstable, and the struggle for the royal family consumed a lot of national strength, otherwise the country would last for more than 100 years. Mongolian fighters swept across Europe and Asia, and Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, ranking first among the Chinese imperial dynasties. In other words, the Yuan Dynasty did not incorporate the Han nationality into Mongolia, but Mongolia into the Han nationality.
However, the dignitaries in the Yuan Dynasty did not absorb a lot of advanced Han culture like those in the Qing Dynasty, and they did not want to be assimilated by the Han people. This embarrassment is also manifested in the system of succession to the throne. The Yuan Dynasty did not inherit the traditional "eldest son" inheritance system of the Han nationality (with and without leaders), nor did it adopt the traditional representative election system of Mongolia (Hulitai Congress).
On the other hand, in the Qing Dynasty, perhaps it was learned from the practice of the Yuan Dynasty and a clear system of succession to the throne was established. The new emperor came to power in the early Qing Dynasty, which was decided by the Eight Banners Meeting. Later, before he died, the emperor wrote a secret imperial edict, in order to avoid hundred schools of thought's seizure of storage.
The Yuan Dynasty was even worse. On the one hand, it didn't let Hulitai Congress recommend successors, which destroyed the grassland tradition and made many Mongolians disgusted. On the other hand, there is no stable rule of succession to the throne, which leads to the powerful people in the royal family ready to move. From 1307 to 1333, in just 27 years, * * * had 10 people sitting on the throne of the emperor.
Back to Cheng Zongtie Moore, his father was a real gold crown prince, founded by Kublai Khan according to the Han tradition. As mentioned earlier, in the eyes of Mongols, even Khan was elected, so there would be no crown prince. In addition, after the establishment of the Crown Prince, Chinese cronies immediately appeared in the court, which made Kublai Khan a headache.
Therefore, after the death of the real gold crown prince, Kublai Khan did not set up a prince again, but he still showed his expectation for the third son of the prince. The lucky man was Timur, who accepted the seal of the Crown Prince from his grandfather and was sent to the northern army.
This hint is only a 1 signal sent by Kublai Khan to the courtiers, not a formal announcement of the establishment of the reserve. However, this is crucial for Timur to ascend to the throne. After Kublai Khan's death, timur was highly recommended by Bo Yan, a close friend of the first emperor, and took care of his life.
This Bo Yan is not simple. Instead of Kublai Khan, he fought against the northern rebels for a long time, resolved the ruling crisis of the Yuan Dynasty several times, and stopped the grassland army headed by Wokuotai Khanate Haidu. In court, Bo Yan not only flatly rejected the opposition of ministers to timur, but also ordered the prince and officials to offer incense to the new emperor.
It can be seen that when timur ascended the throne, the bonus given by the system was weak. After all, it may not be passed on to him. He mainly relies on the following factors:
1, the identity of the first grandson. This is easy for everyone to understand. Children born to the first wife (the queen) have priority in inheritance, which is the same at home and abroad. At that time, Genghis Khan determined his successor, and he was also selected among the four sons. With his godlike status, Hu Li Thailand Association only passed 1 important forms.
2. The son of the Crown Prince. If the identity of the third grandson is reduced by more than half of the competitors, then the identity of the son of the Crown Prince is more likely to gain the support of the military and civilians in China. Kublai Khan's attention to Timur during his lifetime brought him a halo of blessing and greatly enhanced his appeal.
3. Bo Yan's support. This is probably the most important reason. With Bo Yan's prestige and strength, it was easy to make the Mongolian dissidents in the imperial court bow to their knees, forcibly rejected the necessity of holding a meeting in Huritai, and forcibly determined the birthright of Chinese monarch and minister.
Timur ascended the throne, but the Mongols did not forget the tradition of Khan's election, and the succession to the throne was inevitably in trouble. In troubled times, the emperors of Yuan Dynasty in later generations only relied on "fist" and "strategy" to fight for the world.
At first, the Mongolian candidate Khan adopted the Huritai parliamentary system, that is, the democratic election in the aristocratic circle. However, after Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, this system began to change a little, especially when Genghis Khan chose his successor, he adopted a designated way.
As a result, Mongolian customs were destroyed, and people paid less and less attention to the Hulitai Congress, but became interested in the inheritance system of Di Zi in the Central Plains.
Since then, Di Zi's inheritance system has been valued not only by Central Plains people, but also by Mongolians. Only the emperor is entitled to inherit all dad's property. This is also the reason why the eldest son inheritance system was unswervingly implemented after the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty.
Look at Genghis Khan, known as the walking seeder. Everywhere he goes, children are born, and his sons are at least hundreds. But we are familiar with the four sons. They are Shu Chi, Chahetai, Wokuotai and Torre.
Kublai Khan has nine sons, but there are only two real sons, namely, the eldest son bud and the second son Jin Zhen. Both of them were born to Kublai Khan's original queen Hongjila Chabi.
Therefore, in terms of inheritance, these two sons are certain. Unfortunately, Long Bud only died young, so after Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he named his second son Zhen Jinli as the prince.
According to the truth, real gold will naturally ascend to the throne. Unfortunately, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan's life span was too long, and the prince was killed alive. So what should we do next? Who should be given the right to inherit the throne?
First, give it to grandchildren, not illegitimate children. As I said just now, in the Mongolian world, the gap between office and ordinary is really too big. An illegitimate child is not qualified to inherit the throne. Even if Di Zi dies, as long as there are descendants in Di Zi, there will be no illegitimate children to inherit this great system.
Obviously, Dora and Jin Jin only died young, but Jin Jin still has a son alive! Jin Jin and his wife Hongjila Boland also gave birth to three sons, namely:
The eldest son gambles, the second one answers gambling, and the third one is Yuan Chengzong timur.
In other words, Kublai Khan's three grandchildren are still alive. Since the population here is prosperous, the heir to the throne is naturally not an illegitimate child. The other seven bastards can only stare, and even the uncles of these three children have no inheritance rights.
Even though Kublai Khan had two queens, it was not enough to replace the original match in his mind, so all his other sons could be treated as ordinary people.
Second, why choose the third timur? We noticed that among the three sons of Prince Zhenjin, timur was the youngest and ranked third. As a result, Kublai Khan chose him as his heir. Why? Are the first two grandchildren decorations?
Gammara, the eldest son, is Kublai Khan's eldest grandson, and he is arguably the most likely successor.
But unfortunately, he missed the throne. Young Guerra left her mother when she was very young and was raised by her grandmother, Queen Hongjila Chabi. Therefore, Guerra and her mother have a normal relationship, and her mother loves the other two children more.
Therefore, Gala, the eldest son, was not loved by his parents for a long time and was taken to the north by his grandfather Kublai Khan. After the death of Prince Zhenjin, Gan Spicy was transferred to Yunnan to guard, and then went to Mobei.
In short, there is no chance to enter the DPRK. Therefore, influenced by his daughter-in-law, Kublai Khan was unwilling to pass on his position to his eldest grandson Ganmala.
The second son died young when he was bitten by hemp.
After the death of Prince Jin, Kublai Khan did not intend to let his eldest grandson Gan succeed to the throne, but his second grandson, Ama Bala, become his successor.
However, this child's political achievements are basically zero, and there are even historical records that he is dumb or deaf, so in terms of ability, his chances of inheriting a big position are very small.
Crucially, in 1292, 29-year-old Mara Barra suddenly fell ill and died! Kublai Khan was still alive, so it was not his turn to reign.
Timur, the third son, is the right person for sandwich martial arts.
Timur is deeply loved by her mother Kokejin, so she is also the object of her great support to become a great successor. In addition, Kublai Khan also sent timur to guard the ancient capital of Mongolian Khanate, Hara and Lin.
This place is the most elite northern garrison in Mongolia. Obviously, Kublai Khan hoped that timur could establish a certain prestige here and lay the foundation for his accession to the throne in the future.
At the same time, Kublai Khan also sent timur, the grandson of Bolshevik, one of the four founding fathers, to help timur further expand its influence. In the end, timur became the successor.
Third, Timur is much stronger than Zhu Yunwen. Why can timur keep the country, but Zhu Yunwen, who is also the heir of Emperor Sun, can't? In fact, it is very simple, because Timur's ability is really outstanding.
After Kublai Khan's death, timur quickly returned to Monan and formed a temporary ruling group. At this time, his eldest brother, King Mala, was guarding the north of Lingbei, holding real power, which was the biggest threat to timur.
Obviously, Kublai Khan didn't give his sons enough power, or there would be one or two Judy's aggressive heads.
Before Wang Jin Gan Mara launched an attack, Timur sent someone here to ask what he really thought. Wang Jin Gan Mara once expressed his willingness to kneel, but he was definitely not convinced!
Guess what? At the suggestion of their mother, Kokejin, the two brothers competed to recite their ancestors' sermons, so that whoever could recite fluently would sweat.
Is there anyone like this, mom? Everyone knows that Wang Jin Gan Mara is a stutterer. How can he beat timur? In the end, Timur won and became a great Khan.
Summary: Timur did a good job. During the reign of Yuan Chengzong timur, he stopped fighting everywhere and chose to rest. At the same time, taxes in many areas have also decreased. Timur did not kill the local governors granted by his ancestors with a stick like Zhu Yunwen, but gradually restricted each other's power and weakened his own.
After the Northwest Rebellion, timur showed no mercy and sent people to quell the rebellion of governors such as Haidu and Duwa. Because of its outstanding performance, it stabilized the overall situation of the Yuan Dynasty. The other four great khans all claimed that timur was the legal heir of Genghis Khan and the real great khan of Mongolia.
But unfortunately, this man has no son. The fact that the emperor had no son was absolutely earth-shattering, which laid the groundwork for the turbulent succession of the Yuan Dynasty.
References:
the yuan dynasty history
This is caused by the unique inheritance system of Mongols. In the succession of Mongolian Khan, it is restricted by three factors:
The first one is Hu Litai.
Hu Litai is Mongolian, which means Party. Chinese transliteration of "Dachaohui". In essence, it is a Mongolian tribal Council system, and it is necessary to hold meetings and make decisions in major events such as launching wars abroad. The succession of Mongolian Khan must be promoted by Hu Litai before it has legitimacy.
After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, when the new emperor acceded to the throne, Hu Ritai was still held, with the main participants including Xu, Minister of Military and Political Affairs. For example, when Yuan Chengzong timur ascended the throne, he personally attended the Hu Litai meeting.
However, Hu Litai at this time is more of a form. At the meeting, what the new emperor had to do was to read out the Dafa of ancestral training and award prizes.
The second is the eldest son inheritance system.
Although the right to inherit the eldest son has been habitually recognized on the grassland in the 12 century, its implementation is not strict. For example, Shu Chi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, did not inherit the Khan position, and Genghis Khan passed the Khan position to Sanzi Wokuotai;
Wokuotai doesn't like his eldest son, Gui You, and wants his third son to be Khan. After his death, Wokuotai wanted to make Lieliemen, his eldest son, his successor. Gui You, the eldest son of Wokuotai, can only inherit the position of Khan with the help of Manet, Queen of Wokuotai.
After the occupation of the Central Plains, Kublai Khan did not explicitly inherit his eldest son.
The third is that the younger son inherited his father's tradition of doing business.
/kloc-among the Mongols in the 0/2 century, there is a custom that the youngest son in the biggest room should be the heir of his father. The father's property, such as ears and family, is inherited by the younger son.
It means "palace account" and "imperial court". During the Yuan Dynasty, both the emperor and the queen had their own assets and private houses, which were inherited by their relatives after their death. For example, Genghis Khan had four big ears, which were later inherited by Tuo Lei and his descendants Wang Jinyi.
After Genghis Khan died, Tuo Lei, the youngest son, ruled the country for two years. Because Shu Chi had passed away, Erchahetai supported Wokuotai, and Tuo Lei felt weak, so he had to support Wokuotai by making a temporary concession. In the end, Wokuotai ascended the position of Khan.
The historical record of Tuo Lei's death is unclear. It is possible that Wokuotai Khan poisoned Tuo Lei in order to eliminate hidden dangers.
The so-called succession to the throne in Mengyuan was influenced by the above three factors, and Kublai Khan's passing on the throne to his grandson was no exception.
Kublai Khan had four sons:
Except for the premature death of the eldest son, the other three were the targets of Kublai Khan's investigation and selection of Chu army.
Mang Geci, 1272 sealed the king of Anxi and the king of Qin the following year. Respect status. /kloc-in the winter of 0/278, the busy Gerci died. It is said that he was executed by Kublai Khan for trying to seize power.
Namuhan, who was named King of Beiping, left Mobei Town.
Jin Jin was crowned Crown Prince on 1273. 1285, wrote a memorial in the official history of Jiangnan Taiwan, suggesting that the Zen position be given to Kublai Khan. The newspaper was sent to the central censor and banned. Someone secretly reported this to Kublai Khan, who ordered a thorough investigation. Although it ended in nothing, the real prince of gold was scared half to death by this incident.
After Kim's death, Kublai Khan will choose a new king of Chu. At that time, Han Mu was still alive in Di Zi. Prince Jin Zhen has three sons, one is Ma Ci, the other is Ma Ci, and the other is timur.
Then why was Mohan eliminated?
Because he has two fatal shortcomings:
With four sons dead, Chu Jun can only choose among the descendants of Zhenjin. 1293, Kublai Khan made timur the great-grandson of the emperor, guarding Mobei.
1294, Kublai Khan died. Although timur holds the seal of the Crown Prince, his eldest brother is also very powerful. Hemp thorn commands Tuo Lei's four big ears and guards Mongolia. The two brothers are equal in strength. Finally, Timur won.
Timur's success has the following factors:
First, when a mother is eccentric, she likes her youngest son.
Kokejin was a crown princess appointed by Kublai Khan and was deeply loved by Kublai Khan. Her standing on the side of her youngest son is an important factor in timur's success.
Second, the support of the East Palace Minister and the old minister.
1294, on Kublai Khan's deathbed, the Privy Council officials Yu Xi Timur, Bo Yan and Kubuqi were appointed ministers in charge of life. At that time, these three people claimed to have been ordered by Kublai Khan, and their background influenced the ownership of the heirs.
At the Hulitai Conference held in Shangdu, Timur and Bo Yan used their prestige to give others both soft and hard, forcing them to recognize Timur as the new emperor.
The old minister of Jindong Palace has no complaints and strongly supports timur.
Third, timur has his own skills, better than his brother.
Timur's military command ability during his eastward expedition and guarding Mobei was recognized by Mongolian aristocrats. His eldest brother's performance in the Spurs was not as good as his younger brother's, and his performance in the front line of Mobei was disappointing, so Kublai Khan had to transfer him.
Grandson timur got the support of two generals and eventually became emperor for Yuan Chengzong. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan, when he was old, intended to pass on the throne to Prince Jin, but Jin actually died before him. It is true that white-haired people send black-haired people, and the death of Jin Jin has a lot to do with Kublai Khan. Jin Jin was very dissatisfied with Kublai Khan's cronies, such as Ahema, so he got the support of a group of Han Confucian scholars, but he was very passive towards Kublai Khan and never dared to cross the line. The power of political affairs has always been in Kublai Khan's own hands.
I mentioned something about Ahma, the powerful minister. After Ahmar's death, his henchmen were unwilling to make a comeback, and the breakthrough was the crown prince's real money. Just then, a Han scholar said, "Your Majesty is very old. I hope to abdicate as soon as possible, and there will be no more talk of listening to politics. " Kublai Khan has been a soldier for half his life and has a strong desire for power. How can he listen to these words? The typical example of this person is to beg for death. To put it bluntly, it is to find fault with the true prince Jin. Jin Jin was deeply frightened when he learned about it. Yushitai also understood the stakes, so he secretly suppressed the throne of ministers. Amayu Party found out this matter, and made up its mind to expose it to Yuan Shizu.
Antong, the right-hand prime minister who supported the prince, knew that it could not be concealed, and simply stated the whole story to Kublai Khan first, pointing out that Ama's remaining party wanted to take the opportunity to frame the prince. When Kublai Khan heard that he was asked to give way to the prince in advance, he flew into a rage and asked sharply, "Aren't you guilty?" Antong took the lead in pleading guilty, but at the same time pointed out to the emperor that the purpose of Ahma's henchmen was to harm the prince and confuse people. After persuasion, Kublai Khan was slightly relieved. Although Ahma's puppet failed and was severely punished, Prince Zhenjin was very afraid. He fell ill and died soon at the age of 43.
When Jin Jin died, Kublai Khan was over 70 years old, and his successor could only choose among Jin Jin's sons. Jin and his wife, Kokejin, gave birth to three sons, the eldest, Wang Jin Gammara, the second, Amamabula, and the third, timur. Kokejin was partial to his youngest son and urged the minister to persuade the emperor to make timur the crown prince. In order to let timur accumulate the ruling capital, he was sent out of the north of the city in advance to win a military victory, and he was appointed as the etiquette decree timur to assist him.
Timur Yuxi is the grandson of Bolshevi, one of the four outstanding figures of Genghis Khan. He repeatedly made meritorious military service and was highly valued by Kublai Khan. When he was appointed, he advised Kublai Khan to give timur the old seal of real gold, so as to be the first king in the future. Kokejin also got a piece of imperial seal handed down from the Qin Dynasty, engraved with the words "ordered by heaven, live forever", and gave it to timur as a "symbol of ordered".
1294, Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu died at the age of 79. The imperial clan kings gathered in Shangdu (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia) to discuss the establishment of a new monarch. Wang Zong Chen Da discussed it for more than three months, but it was still difficult to make a decision. At that time, the only one who could compete with timur was his eldest brother Wang Jin Gama. Gan Mala was once sent to northern Ling Zhen, in charge of the four palaces of Genghis Khan and the northern army, belonging to Mongolia, with considerable influence. Wang Zong, who supported Guerra, took it for granted that his eldest son should inherit the throne.
However, the timur faction insisted that Grandpa left a last note, which can never be changed. Crucially, Timur was supported by two important officials, one was Bo Yan who participated in the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the other was Timur in western Henan. Seeing the tension between the two sides, Bo Yan drew his sword and stood under the hall, saying that timur was ordered by the first emperor. I want to send those who dare to question to see the first emperor. This momentum with the "law" of the queen mother spent more than two hundred years ago, some young spell, see Bo Yan so play, other ministers forget this iron fungus, anyway, iron fungus will not be their own, so three hooray.
At this time, Yuxi Timur put pressure on his eldest brother, Gan Spurs, and said, "It has been more than three months since my late emperor died, and the throne was empty, but it changed when it was late. What's your attitude as a brother? Seeing Bo Yan's cannibalism, I knew that if I didn't say anything, I would accompany my late emperor, so I had to say, "Be the emperor of timur, and I will give it to you to protect the grassland. So, under the persuasion of ministers, Timur finally became the emperor of Yuan Chengzong.
Yuan Chengzong inherited the huge family business founded by his ancestors, and the history books said that he was "good at governance and good at persistence". In fact, it is a kind of life that lives by eating the inheritance of predecessors. Yuan Chengzong has been enthroned for five years, and I still don't know the names of six officials. In Yuan Chengzong, there are many government agencies and corrupt officials. Yuan Chengzong was sickly in his later years, regardless of national politics. Queen Bruhan and Prime Minister Hara Hassan each formed a clique in Zhongshu. After Yuan Chengzong's death, the two major political forces launched a bloody struggle for the throne.